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Critical Thinking in
Nursing: Exam
Questions and Answers
for NUR 200 Hondros,
Exams of Nursing
Guaranteed A+|
Exemplary Grades
Complete assessment - ANSWERS -A review and physical
examination of all body systems, for stable patients only
clinical judgment - ANSWERS -"Thinking Like a Nurse". integral
to the Safety of pt. Interpretation or conclusion about a patient's needs, concerns, or health problems, and/or the decision to take action (or not), use or modify standard approaches, or improvise new ones as deemed appropriate by the patient's response.
Database - ANSWERS -Completed health history and physical
examination, large store or bank of info
clinical reasoning - ANSWERS -is the thinking process by which
a nurse reaches a clinical judgement. an iterative process of noticing, interpreting, and responding- reasoning in transition with a fine attunement to the patient and how the patient responds to the nurses action
Psychosocial history - ANSWERS -Psychological and social
factors
evidence-based practice - ANSWERS -clinical decision making
that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences
1st method of data collection - ANSWERS -Interiew patient,
health history. Patient is your primary source
Tanner's Model - ANSWERS -Noticing
Interpreting Responding Reflecting
2nd method of data collection - ANSWERS -Physical examination
( guided by subjective and objective)
noticing (tanners model) - ANSWERS -identify s/s, gather
complete and accurate data, assessing systematically and
-knowing the patient -context or environment of care
Narrative reasoning - ANSWERS -Situation to patient experience
with illness.
Interpreting (tanners) - ANSWERS -comparing and contrast
data, clustering related information, recognizing inconsistencies, checking accuracy, distinguishing relevant from irrelevant, determine importance of info, judge how much ambiguity is acceptable (ie b/p dt condition), determine legal ethical professional guidelines, (predicting and) *managing potential complications
Noticing - ANSWERS -1. Identify signs and symptoms
- Complete and accurate date
- Assessing systemically and comprehensively
- Predicting and managing patient complications
- Identifying assumptions
analytic reasoning (interpreting) - ANSWERS -based on
theoretical knowledge. nurse makes a hypothesis or best guess about the pt care situation and then tests. typically students and novice nurses
Interpreting - ANSWERS -Understanding of the situation
intuitive reasoning (interpreting) - ANSWERS -based on
unstated but understood knowledge about the pt, the care giving context, and their previous experiences. typically expert nurse.
Responding - ANSWERS -Based on what you interpreted the
nurse will determine appropriate actions
narrative reasoning (interpreting) - ANSWERS -way of making
sense of a situation through telling and interpreting stories. nurse hears pt stories of past medical experiences, helps nurse understand specific pt experiences, setting the stage for individualized care
Reflection in action - ANSWERS -Observing patient reaction to
the action the nurse chose and deciding if the situation was fixed
responding (tanners) - ANSWERS -taking action, ability to carry
out nursing skills and effective communication, delegating, setting priorities
Reflection on action - ANSWERS -Patient responses to the
outcomes. Nursing refelection after the situation was solved
reflecting (tanners) - ANSWERS -pt outcomes, evaluating data-
complete actions then reassessment data is collected again used to determine if interventions were effective or any further actions needed, evaluating and correcting thinking.
Focused assessment - ANSWERS -Used to gather information on
a specific problem
critical thinking in nursing process - ANSWERS -go hand in hand
in making quality decisions about patient care. knowledge, standards, attitudes, experience
Head to toe assessment - ANSWERS -Systemic approach so you
dont miss something
nursing process - ANSWERS -Assessment
Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation
Objective data - ANSWERS -What you can observe or measure.
Also known as signs
assessment (nursing process) - ANSWERS -1- collection of info
from primary source (pt) and secondary (family, friends, health professionals, medical record). 2- interpretation and validation of data to ensure a complete data base subjective and objective
Subjective data - ANSWERS -Can not be measured. What the
patient is feeling. Also known as symptoms
Cue and Inference (assessment) - ANSWERS -Cue is information
that you obtain through use of senses. Inference is your judgment or interpretation of these cues.
Clinical judgment - ANSWERS -Interpretation or conclusion
about a patients needs, concerns or health problems, and/or the decision to take action ( or not) use or modify standard approaches, or improvise as one deems appropriate to the patients response
diagnosis (nursing process) - ANSWERS -clinical judgment
concerning a human response to health conditions/ life process, or vulnerability. Educated judgment about health concern. use NANDA. used to make care plan
Reasoning - ANSWERS -Leads to clinical judgment
Types of Nursing Diagnoses (diagnosis) - ANSWERS -Actual
Risk Possible Wellness Syndrome
Attributes of clinical judgment - ANSWERS -1. Holistic view
- Process orientation
- Reasoning and interpretation
goal (planning) - ANSWERS -broad statement that describes a
desired change in a pt conditions, perception, or behavior. ex "pt will understand postoperative risks"
expected outcome (planning) - ANSWERS -is the measurable
change (pt behavior, physical state, or perception) that must be achieved to reach a goal. sometimes several expected outcome need to be met for a single goal. "measure how many out of 3
questions the pt ANSWERS correct for infection identification"
Cue - ANSWERS -A piece or pieces of data that often indicate
that an actual or potential problem has occured or will occur
Biographic data - ANSWERS -Facts or events in a persons life
interventions (care plan) - ANSWERS -independent- a nurse
initiates, dependent- require and order, collaborative- require the combined knowledge, skill, and expertise of multiple providers. Includes; actions, frequency, quantity, method, and person to perform them
Direct thinking - ANSWERS -Purposeful and outcome- oriented
implementation (nursing process) - ANSWERS -putting plan into
action. reassessing, review and revise care plan,
Problem- oriented thinking - ANSWERS -Focuses on a particular
problem to find a solution
standing order - ANSWERS -preprinted document containing
orders for routine therapies, monitoring guidelines, and or diagnostic procedures for specific patients with identical problems.
Critical thinking - ANSWERS -An advanced way of thinking or
problem solving method. How can we do this better?
delegation (implementation) - ANSWERS -transferring to a
competent individual the authority to perform a selected nursing task. assess, plan, supervise, and evaluate
Principles of critical thinking - ANSWERS -1. Collect data in an
organized way
- Verify data in an organized way
- Arrange data in an organized way
- Look for gaps in information
- Analyze the data
nursing process compared to tanners model - ANSWERS -1.
assessment= noticing
- nursing diagnosis & planning= interpretation
- implementation= responding
- evaluation= reflecting
Cognitive levels - ANSWERS -Various levels of thinking
Benners stages of clinical competence - ANSWERS -links the
concepts of professional identity Stage 1: Novice Stage 2: Advanced Beginner Stage 3: Competent Stage 4: Proficient Stage 5: Expert
Knowledge - ANSWERS -Ability to recall and repeat information
you have memorized ( lowest level of learning
Stage 1; novice (benners) - ANSWERS -beginner, no experience.
lacks confidence. continual verbal and physical cues. takes a prolonged time, unable to use discretionary judgment.
Comprehension - ANSWERS -Ability to grasp the material
( lowest level of understanding)
Stage 2: advanced beginners (benners) - ANSWERS -marginally
acceptable performance, has prior experience in actual situations. skillful in parts of practice, occasional cues. may be delayed in time. knowledge developing.
Application - ANSWERS -Ability to apply learned material to a
situation. ( highest level of understanding)
Stage 3: competent (benners) - ANSWERS -same or similar job
2-3 years. demonstrates efficiency, coordinated and confident. plan established based on considerable conscious abstract, analytic contemplation of the problem. conscious, deliberate planning; helps achieve efficiency and organization. completed in suitable time without cues.
Analysis - ANSWERS -Ability to break down complex information
( organize and prioritize) also higher level of application
Stage 4: proficient (benners) - ANSWERS -see and understand
situation as a whole. learn from experiences, what to expect from a situation, how the plan needs to be modified. decision making becomes less labored. the nurse has perspective on existing attributes and aspects of the situation
Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) - ANSWERS -An index of
sleepiness during the day as perceived by patients, derived from
the ANSWERS to 8 questions
Evaluation - ANSWERS -Compares actual outcomes to expected
outcomes
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWERS -basic human needs
(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level
- Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level
- Self Actualization
Nursing process - ANSWERS -ADPIE
knowing the patient (clinical judgement) - ANSWERS -in depth
knowledge of a patients patterns of response within a clinical situation and knowing the pt as a person.
Goals - ANSWERS -Realistic, measurable, time-limited
statements of resolution to a problem or need
components of critical thinking - ANSWERS --knowledge
-experience -competence -attitudes -standards
Yes - ANSWERS -Can pain be subjective and objective
knowledge base (critical thinking) - ANSWERS -prepares you to
better anticipate and identify patients problems by understanding their origin and nature. varies according to education, initiative, experience.
Implementation - ANSWERS -Nursing care to accomplish a goal
for a patient( what you are going to do)
experience (critical thinking) - ANSWERS -necessary to acquire
clinical decision making skills. learn from observing, sensing, talking with patients and families, and reflecting actively on all experiences.
competency (critical thinking) - ANSWERS -in practice you will
apply critical thinking components during each step of the nursing process. general critical thinking, specific critical thinking- nursing process
Interdependent - ANSWERS -Both RN and LPN carry out orders
for treatments and meds written by the doctor
Intervention - ANSWERS -Action taken to reach a patient
outcome
priority setting of patient care - ANSWERS -is the ordering of
nursing diagnosis or patient problems using notions of urgency and importance to establish a preferential order for nursing interventions. "Treat the cause before the symptom."
Fulmers SPICES tool - ANSWERS -S. Sleeping disorders
P. Problems eating or feeding I. Incontinence C. Confussion E. Evidence of falls S. Skin breakdown Tool used to flag areas that may need more assessing or more data collection Assessing systemically and comprehensively, gathering complete and accurate data
RRT (Rapid Response Team) - ANSWERS -prevent/ minimize
deterioration of a pt
Advanced begginer nurse - ANSWERS -Shows acceptable
performance, has gained prior experience in actual nursing situations. Looks for support through their peers and supervisors but not constantly
Benner's Theory - ANSWERS -Novice to expert. The theory that
nurses develop skills and understanding of patient care over time
from a combination of strong educational background and personal experiences
Noticing - ANSWERS -Vital Signs, is the patient in pain, color of
their skin what are their suroundings
interpretation - ANSWERS -your understanding of the situation
when you put all your data together to come up with the diagnosis
