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CRRN 1: REHAB NURSING MODELS
AND THEORIES QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
100% CORRECT {GRADED A+}
Definition of Rehab Nursing Rehab Nursing : Diagnosis and treatment of human responses of individuals and groups to actual or potential health problems relative to altered functional ability and lifestyle (per ARN 2000). ✔✔ WHO Disablement Model WHO Disablement Model : Distinguishes between disablement, impairment, and handicap. ✔✔ Impairment Impairment : Any loss of normal structure or function at the organ level. ✔✔ Disability Disability : An impairment that renders an individual unable to perform ADLs without intervention of another person or equipment. ✔✔ Handicap
Handicap : Any social or personal shortcoming resulting from an impairment or disability. ✔✔ Individual vs. Social Models of Disability Individual Model : Emphasizes linear biomedical model in which pathology leads to anatomical, physiological, or psychological impairment. Social Model : Sees disability as caused by societal mindsets, not the impairment itself. ✔✔ Nagi Scheme Nagi Scheme : Individual model of disability that defines disability as limited capability to perform expected roles and tasks, caused by an impairment. ✔✔ WHO ICIDH WHO ICIDH : An individual model of disability that distinguishes between the initial impairment, disability, and possible subsequent handicap leaving the person disadvantaged. ✔✔ Independent Living Model Independent Living Model : A U.S. social model of disability. ✔✔ ICF Model
Orem’s Theory : Self-care deficit theory. Nurse's role is to restore the patient to self-care. Often can achieve more with less intervention by the nurse. ✔✔ Orem’s Stages Toward Goals of Care
- Total Compensation
- Partial Compensation
- Nursing Support and Education ✔✔ Roy’s Model Roy’s Model : Adaptation model. Nurse's main job is to help the patient adapt in functional areas of self-concept, dependence on others, societal roles, and physiological changes. ✔✔ 2 Nursing Models That Have to Do With Patient Adaptability Orem Roy ✔✔ 3 Nursing Models That Emphasize Interaction of Patient With Others
- King
- Neuman
- Rogers ✔✔
King’s Model King’s Model : Open Systems Framework and Theory of Goal Attainment. Patient is at the center and interacts with interpersonal groups and societal systems. Nurse’s role is to help the patient achieve mutually agreed-upon goals in all of the roles. ✔✔ Neuman Model Neuman Model : Systems Theory. A multifaceted model centered on developing the whole person in relation to his environment. ✔✔ Rogers Model Rogers Model : Science of Unitary Human Beings. Holistic model that emphasizes homeodynamics between the patient and his environment. ✔✔ Omaha System Omaha System : System sanctioned by ANA for classifying problems, defining interventions and their targets, and rating outcomes. There are codes for over 60 targets, including things like medication and finance. Outcomes are measured by the patient's level of knowledge and appropriateness of patient behavior. ✔✔ 4 Categories of Problems in Omaha System
- Environmental
- Psychosocial
- Physiological
Gordon’s Model Gordon’s Model : Describes functional health patterns that are interconnected and relate to the whole person. Gordon’s FHPs encompass the Roper ADLs. For instance, the activity-exercise FHP includes the ADLs breathing, personal cleansing, dressing, and mobilizing. ✔✔ Corbin and Strauss Model Corbin and Strauss Model : Chronic Illness Trajectory model. ✔✔ Charmaz Model Charmaz Model : Self in Chronic Illness in Time paradigm. ✔✔ Anderson’s Theory Anderson’s Theory : Family Health System Theory, which emphasizes the importance of integrating family and patient health. ✔✔ CARF CARF : Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities. ✔✔ Who Set Standards for Rehab Nursing? Standards Set By : Association of Rehabilitation Nurses (ARN). ✔✔
ARN’s 6 Standards of Care
- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- Outcome Identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation (charting patient’s progress toward desired result) ✔✔ ARN’s 8 Standards of Nursing Professional Performance
- Quality of Care (of individual’s professional practice)
- Performance Appraisal (relative to standards and regulations)
- Education (keeping up to date)
- Collegiality (encouragement of peers)
- Ethics
- Collaboration (with patient, family, colleagues)
- Research (use of data from studies)
- Utilization (using principles of safety, efficacy, cost-effectiveness) ✔✔ 2 Broad Models of Rehab Care
- Team-based (better outcomes)
- Provider-based (less expensive) ✔✔ 3 Types of Team-Based Rehabs
- Research about the profession itself, such as ethical concerns. ✔✔ Groups Involved in Rehab Nursing Research
- National Institute of Nursing Research
- Rehabilitation Nursing Foundation
- American Association of Spinal Cord Injury Nurses
- National Institute of Disability Rehabilitation Research
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research
- CDC
- VA ✔✔ Type of Research Promoted by National Institute of Nursing Research NINR : Assimilating biological and behavioral research to promote disease prevention and management and enhance care settings. ✔✔ Type of Research Promoted by Rehabilitation Nursing Foundation Rehabilitation Nursing Foundation : Enhance quality of care of patients with disabilities or chronic illnesses. ✔✔ Steps in Process of Research for Theory Development
- Description of phenomenon through interviews, surveys, literature review, etc. ✔✔ Identification of relationship of variables through statistical analysis Controlled tests of statistically significant relationships. Intervention, usually a clinical trial. Secondary analysis in research - ANSWER✔✔Assimilation of previously assembled data Concept analysis in research - ANSWER✔✔Analysis of various sources to clarify a process. Evidence-based practice - ANSWER✔✔Use of research results to enhance clinical practice. Rosswurm and Larrabee model - ANSWER✔✔A way of applying evidence-based practice to nursing Rosswurm and Larrabee's 6 steps - ANSWER✔✔Evaluation of need for change Identification of methods of management and outcomes Synthesis of various research applications Design of pilot studies for change Implementation and analysis of those studies Education of staff including ways to monitor use of changes
Visual Kinesthetic (learning through demonstration) Kolb model - ANSWER✔✔Model of learning that suggests people learn by tangible experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, or active participation. Cognitive dissonance theory - ANSWER✔✔Theory that people act to reduce the discomfort when two thoughts are inconsistent. For instance, you may reject a new teaching if it conflicts with a long-held belief. Adult learning theory - ANSWER✔✔A developmental learning model that makes assumptions about how adults learn. They are self-directed. They have different experiences and so learning must be individualized. Learning increases when they feel that change will directly affect some part of their life and if they have strong internal motivators. Transtheoretical model of change - ANSWER✔✔For change to occur, person must go through 5 stages: Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance 3 domains of learning - ANSWER✔✔Cognitive: Intellectual or knowledge-based activity Psychomotor: Developing motor skills in the context of patient's disability
Affective: Attitudes, values, sentiments Each domain has its own taxonomy (classification of parts). For example, cognitive includes knowing, comprehending, applying knowledge, etc. Different learning activities apply to different domains. For instance, role play is good for developing patient's psychomotor and affective goals. 3 schools of learning theory - ANSWER✔✔Behavioral: People learn by association (conditioned response, behavior modification) Cognitive: People learn by gathering information and making associations internally. Requires learner's input and is shaded by his responses. Humanistic: Theory emphasizes person's potential for growth and he is an active participant in the process. Focus is human freedom and dignity.
