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CRRN EXAM QUESTIONS AND
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Rehabilitation nursing is viewed as a specialty practice guided by what three things? ANSWER ✔✔ : Philosophy, Theory, Research These three components guide rehabilitation nursing practice by providing a foundation for nursing interventions, patient care, and the development of knowledge in the field. Lydia Hall's theory shows three interrelated parts. What are they? ANSWER ✔✔ : Care, Core, Cure Lydia Hall's model emphasizes three components of nursing: the "Care" aspect (hands-on bodily care), the "Core" (the nurse’s use of self in relation to the patient), and "Cure" (applying medical knowledge to treat the patient). Imogene King's model is about goal attainment. The goal of nursing is to? ANSWER ✔✔ : Help individuals to maintain their health so they can function in their roles King’s theory emphasizes that nursing helps individuals reach and maintain health so they can perform their roles effectively in society. What three stages of prevention are in Neuman's model? ANSWER ✔✔ :
- Primary prevention
- Secondary prevention
- Tertiary prevention Neuman’s model helps clients maximize their defenses at each stage, preventing illness, detecting it early, and managing its effects. Describe the nursing process behind Orem's theory of self-care deficits. ANSWER ✔✔ : Orem’s theory identifies self-care deficits in patients and defines the nurse's role in helping the patient meet their self-care needs. This model encourages the nurse to assess self-care abilities and provide support or intervention as needed. Which nursing theorist wrote the "self-care theory"? ANSWER ✔✔ : Dorothea Orem’s theory Orem's theory of self-care consists of three parts: the theory of self-care, the theory of self-care deficit, and the theory of nursing systems. Which nursing model shows that individuals are in constant interaction with their environment and one another? ANSWER ✔✔ : Imogene King’s open system model King's model focuses on the dynamic interaction between individuals, their environment, and the relationships they form. Define Martha Roger's Unitary Theory. ANSWER ✔✔ : Martha Roger's Unitary Theory is when nurses promote change and facilitate order during the rehabilitation of sick and disabled people. It views individuals as a whole, continuously interacting with their environment, and the role of nursing is to support that continuous change and adaptation. Which nursing theorist encouraged the use of one's own powers?
environment, where stressors play a significant role in how individuals adjust and adapt. Explain the theoretical structure of rehabilitation nursing. ANSWER ✔✔ : Rehabilitation nurses focus on helping individuals affected by chronic illness or disability to achieve their greatest potential. They assist patients in adapting to disabilities and work towards enabling them to lead productive, independent lives. This approach takes into account the person’s medical, vocational, educational, environmental, and spiritual needs. What is evidence-based practice? ANSWER ✔✔ : Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the integration of the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to provide high- quality and cost-effective care. EBP aims to improve patient outcomes by incorporating the most current and reliable evidence into clinical decision- making. What is a nursing theory? ANSWER ✔✔ : A body of knowledge used for nursing practice Nursing theories provide frameworks for practice and guide interventions aimed at improving patient outcomes. Theories can be classified into grand theories, middle-range theories, and practice theories. Barnum (1998) divides theories into those that describe and those that explain nursing phenomena. Grand theories provide the broadest scope and present general concepts and prepositions. Middle-range theories offer concepts and prepositions at a lesser level of abstraction. Explain the Health Promotion Model theory.
ANSWER ✔✔ : The Health Promotion Model, developed by Dr. Nola Pender, assumes that people seek to regulate their own behavior and that health professionals can influence this behavior throughout a client’s lifespan. The model emphasizes the importance of personal beliefs and self- regulation in promoting health. Name the five core self-management concepts around which outcomes and interventions are developed to promote self-efficacy in the Health Promotion Model. ANSWER ✔✔ :
- Problem Solving
- Decision Making
- Resource Use
- Collaboration
- Action These concepts form the foundation for helping individuals achieve self-efficacy in managing their health. Explain the basics of Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage of Development. ANSWER ✔✔ : The Sensorimotor stage occurs from birth to age 2. It is characterized by the development of reflexes into more intentional actions. Infants begin with reflexes such as sucking and touching, and gradually learn through trial-and-error how their actions affect the world around them. What are the Six Steps in Neuman's Systems Model Nursing Process? ANSWER ✔✔ :
- Assessment (of the client)
- Diagnosis (by interpreting the data)
Development proceeds from logical, concrete thought to logical solutions to all kinds of categories of problems. Reasoning and abstract conceptualization are used to help guide future actions. The ability to "walk in another's shoes" is gained. Why must rehabilitation clients use effective health management strategies? - ANSWER✔✔Are necessary in order to achieve and maintain an optimal quality of life. People with disabilities are living longer and needing long-term health promotion interventions to prevent further loss of function and prevent secondary conditions. What is the difference between Health and Wellness? - ANSWER✔✔HEALTH: Is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO,1948). WELLNESS: Is a journey that each of us takes in our quest for well-being of body, mind, and spirit. Key components include:
- Personal responsibility
- Balance through all phases of health
- Body-Mind-Spirit connectedness
- Relationships with self, others, and the environment (Miller, 2008)
Wellness is a choice to assume responsibility for the quality of your life. It begins with a conscious decision to shape a healthy lifestyle. What are the benefits of client education? - ANSWER✔✔1) Better outcomes for client and family
- Improved client and family satisfaction
- Continuity of care
- Cost containment
- Improved staff satisfaction Define Health Promotion - ANSWER✔✔Is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. To reach a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. An individual or group must be able to identify and realize aspirations, satisfy needs, and change or cope with the environment. Define ineffective health maintenance. - ANSWER✔✔The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) has defined ineffective health maintenance as "the inability to identify, manage, and/or seek out help to maintain health." Assessment for ineffective health maintenance depends on which client aspects? - ANSWER✔✔Client's self-management abilities and knowledge, emotional and spiritual state, and social support system.
State the defining characteristics of Ineffective Family Therapeutic Regimen Management. - ANSWER✔✔1) Acceleration of family member's illness symptoms.
- Failure to take action to reduce risk factors.
- Participation in inappropriate family activities for meeting health goals.
- Lack of attention to illness.
- Verbalization of difficulties with therapeutic regimen. Explain how a rehabilitation nurse can effectively educate clients regarding sexuality and reproduction. - ANSWER✔✔- Answer all questions
- Promote an atmosphere of permission and acceptance.
- Separate your own values and attitudes regarding sexuality to address the issue objectively. What are the defining characteristics of Ineffective Community Therapeutic Regimen Management? - ANSWER✔✔- Deficits of advocates for the aggregates.
- Deficits in community activities for prevention.
- Insufficient healthcare resources. Where do you find information about sexuality for clients with specific illnesses or disabilities? - ANSWER✔✔Use a search engine and type in "sex and arthritis" or "sex and head injury." If your institution has one, go to the patient educator for specific information that he or she has received prior approval from the institution. State the expected client outcomes related to sexual function. - ANSWER✔✔1) Personal satisfaction with sexual function.
- Avoidance of sexually transmitted diseases.
- Pregnancy if desired and possible.
- Avoidance of pregnancy if not desired.
- Ability to plan and carry out parenting roles if appropriate. What must rehabilitation nurses know regarding sexuality and reproduction after disability? - ANSWER✔✔Available methods and aids to enhance sexual expression and contraception, and they should be able to provide educational materials. State the PLISSIT model for Sexual Counseling. - ANSWER✔✔Permission Limited Information Specific Suggestions Intensive Therapy Most sexual problems are classified as problems of what? - ANSWER✔✔1) Desire
- Excitement
- Orgasm Phase Disorders (or combinations of the three) Define Limited Information in the PLISSIT model. - ANSWER✔✔Providing some specific information related to questions raised or concerns expressed and allowing the person to pursue the issue further if he or she is comfortable. What is the PLISSIT model? - ANSWER✔✔Model for Sexual Counseling.
State the classifications of drugs that can contribute to sexual dysfunction. - ANSWER✔✔- Antidepressants
- Antihypertensives
- Anticholinergics
- Anticonvulsants
- Histamine 2-blocking agents
- Lipid lowering agents
- Digoxin
- Opioids State the potential effects of disinhibition or impulse control problems related to sexual relationships. - ANSWER✔✔The injured partner may make inappropriate or offending statements to partner, increase the number of sexual partners, or show inappropriate public displays of sexual impulses or activity. State the potential effects of altered vision related to sexual relationships. - ANSWER✔✔Decreased ability to appreciate visual stimuli and difficulties with depth perception. State the potential effects of impaired memory or judgment problems related to sexual relationships. - ANSWER✔✔Injured partner may perseverate on a sexual activity or request or pressure partner for frequent sex. Contraceptive use should not rely on memory of injured partner. List some of the functional communication problems that may affect sexual relationships. - ANSWER✔✔- Aphasia or dysarthria,
- Concrete functioning
- Disinhibition or impulse control.
State some suggested interventions for the client with paralysis problems and the potential effects related to sexual relationships. - ANSWER✔✔- Use pillows
- Alternate positioning strategies
- Uninjured partner may need to take a more active role
- Paralysis may cause ED If Cialis, LeVitra, or Viagra medications are used for help and autonomic dysreflexia occurs, do not take any nitroglycerin or nitro-paste. The Transdisciplinary Model for team function: - ANSWER✔✔Is one in which the client has a primary provider from the team who is guided by the team in caring for the client. Which person first suggested that interactions between parent or caretaker and child are essential to healthy psychological growth (I.e. parents raise the child and the child influences the parents.) - ANSWER✔✔Erik Erickson Lydia Hall's model contains three interrelated components. What are they? - ANSWER✔✔Care Core Cure The theory of unitary human beings relates the person (patient) is seen as being one with the universe and is an energetic being manifested as frequencies or energy waves. The nursing theorist that introduced this theory is: - ANSWER✔✔Martha Rogers
Cognitive theorist, Jean Piaget, believed every child passes through stages of cognitive development in the same sequence. What are those stages in the correct order? - ANSWER✔✔Sensorimotor Pre-operational Concrete operational Formal operational Rehabilitation team models include: - ANSWER✔✔Interdisciplinary Model Multidisciplinary Model Trans-disciplinary Model Cognitive theories are significant for rehabilitation because: - ANSWER✔✔Building on previous learned tasks and developmental achievements can facilitate progress. Behavioral learning theories focus on what is directly observable in learners, with behavior outcomes regarding as a result of stimulus conditions. Two behavioral learning theorists are: - ANSWER✔✔Pavlov Skinner Which behavioral theorist introduced the Interactional Model, focusing on the concept of goodness of fit (consonance) versus poor ness of fit (dissonance)? - ANSWER✔✔K. Warner Schaie Skilled nursing facilities (SNFs): Are commonly called? - ANSWER✔✔Nursing homes
Models of care delivery include: - ANSWER✔✔Client-centered care Setting-centered care Provider-centered care Patient-centered model Case management The Medical Model for team function: - ANSWER✔✔Is a physician-centered model of care in which all care is directed by the physician. In Erik Erikson's social learning theory regarding psychosocial stages, which stage describes when a person is rediscovering attachment and developing mature bonding? - ANSWER✔✔Intimacy versus Isolation Trust vs. Mistrust Erik Erikson;s Social Learning Theory Psychosocial Stage - ANSWER✔✔Infancy Viewing the universe as reliable. Seeing relationships as stable and available Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Erik Erikson's Social Learning Theory Psychosocial Stage - ANSWER✔✔Toddlerhood Understanding control over one's body and thoughts. Understanding disappointment in self and others. Initiative vs. Guilt
Integrity vs. Despair Eric Erickson's Social Learning Theory Psychosocial Stage - ANSWER✔✔Older Adulthood Feeling a sense of completeness based on an integrated philosophy of one's unique life. Sensorimotor Piaget, the four stages of cognitive development. - ANSWER✔✔- Occurs from 0 to 2 years of age
- Development proceeds from reflex activity to representation and sensorimotor learning.
- Feelings and actions are inseparable
- Sucking and touching actions by infants are innate at first
- Infants begin to understand how personal behavior affects the world and become involved in trial-and-error actions. Pre-Operational Piaget, the four stages of cognitive development - ANSWER✔✔- Occurs from 2 to 7 years of age
- Development proceeds from sensorimotor representation to prelogical thought
- By maintaining stable and consistent images, children are able to create a representational world.
- Children begin to fantasize and use symbols to represent objects and feelings. Concrete Operational
Piaget, the four stages of cognitive development - ANSWER✔✔- Occurs from 7 to 11 years of age
- Development proceeds from prelogical thought to logical, concrete thought.
- Rules are devised to govern behavior.
- Trial-and-error is replaced by the ability to problem solve. Formal Operational Piaget, the four stages of cognitive development - ANSWER✔✔- Occurs from 11 to 15 years of age.
- Development proceeds from logical, concrete thought to logical solutions to all kinds of categories of problems..
- Reasoning and abstract conceptualizations are used to help guide future actions.
- The ability to "walk in another's shoes" is gained.
- Deductive logic is used. Models of Care Delivery Include: (5-types) - ANSWER✔✔1) Client-Centered Care
- Setting-Centered Care
- Provider-Centered Care
- Patient-Centered Model
- Case Management The Medical Model - ANSWER✔✔A physician-centered model of care in which all care is directed by the physician. The Multidisciplinary Model - ANSWER✔✔Professionals work in tandem.
