Curriculum design Development, Lecture notes of Engineering Economy

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CHAPTER 4

CURRICULUM

DEVELOPMENT

THE TEACHER AND THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM

Objectives

In this chapter, you should be able to:

1. Analyze different curriculum models;
2. Examine the strengths and weaknesses of a curriculum; and
3. Discuss how these curriculum development models can be applied in Philippine context.

A. Audrey Nicholls and Howard Nicholls

Model for Curriculum Development

An example of a cyclical model for curriculum development was developed by Nicholls and Nicholls ( 1978 ). The model emphasizes the cyclical nature of curriculum development. According to the proponents of this model, curriculum development is a continuous process.

As shown in Figure 7, the model prescribes five logical independent stages that are un a continuous curriculum development process. The model starts with a situational analysis in which curricular decisions are made, followed by the selection of objectives and the other succeeding phases.

The model also recognizes the influences and importance of contributing disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, and sociology in developing the curriculum. These disciplines are useful in selecting the curriculum goals and objectives, contents, learning experiences, and evaluation. The importance of these three disciplines in developing curriculum is also recognized in the model of Tyler (1949).

The model has the potential to be used in any educational setting, either school-based or on a national level. The cyclical nature of the model also enables curriculum workers in making the necessary changes and adjustments in the total curriculum. This attribute of the model is helpful for teachers, administrators, and educational boards to address curricular issues and propose innovations and changes whenever needed. The model of Nicholls and Nicholls (1978) advocates a curriculum development activity that involves continues improvement.

C. The Contextual Filters Model of

Course Planning

Content influences encompass faculty members’ background and associated disciplinary and educational beliefs. Contextual influences refer to the influences outside of the instructor’s immediate control that cause adjustments in the course plans such as student characteristics or instructional resources. Form includes the processes that are followed when designing course (Stark & Latucca, 1997).

Reflect on and address the following:

1. Review the cyclical curriculum development models.
2. Identify the possible strengths and weaknesses of each model when applied to the Philippine context.