Download D278 SCRIPTING AND PROGRAMMING FOUNDATIONS SCRIPT 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH FULL REVIEW and more Exams Advanced Algorithms in PDF only on Docsity!
D278 SCRIPTING AND PROGRAMMING
FOUNDATIONS SCRIPT 2026 SOLVED
QUESTIONS WITH FULL REVIEW
โ Computational Thinking. Answer: Creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem. โ Algorithm. Answer: A sequence of instructions that solves a problem. โ Flowchart. Answer: A graphical language for creating computer programs. โ String Literal. Answer: Text in double quotes. โ Comment. Answer: A text a programmer adds to a program, to be read by humans to better understand the code. It is ignored by the program. โ Whitespace. Answer: Any space, tab, or newline. โ Moore's Law. Answer: The observation that computing power roughly doubles every two years.
โ Embedded Computer. Answer: A specially designed computer chip that resides inside another device, such as a car. These self- contained computer devices have their own programming and typically neither receive input from users nor interact with other systems. โ Bit. Answer: A single binary digit: 1 or 0 โ Byte. Answer: 8 bits โ ASCII. Answer: American Standard Code for Information Interchange โ Unicode. Answer: A symbol that enables most of the languages in the world to be symbolized with a special character identification. โ Decimal Numbers. Answer: Base ten numbers โ Binary Numbers. Answer: Number system with a base of 2. โ Variable. Answer: A named item.
โ Modulo Operator (%). Answer: Evaluates the remainder of the division of two integer operands. โ Branch. Answer: A sequence of statements only executed under a certain condition. โ Relational Operator. Answer: Checks how one operand's value relates to another. โ Loop. Answer: A program construct that repeatedly executes the statements while the expression is true. โ Sentinel Value. Answer: A special value indicating the end of a list. โ While Loop. Answer: A loop that repeatedly executes the loop body _____ the loop's expression evaluates to true. โ For Loop. Answer: A loop consisting of an initialization variable, loop expression, and a loop variable update. โ Nested Loop. Answer: A loop that appears in the body of another loop.
โ Do-While Loop. Answer: Loop that first executes the loop body's statements, then checks the loop condition. โ Array. Answer: A special variable having one name, but storing a list of data items, with each item being directly accessible. โ Vector. Answer: Some programming languages use this word in place of an array. โ Element. Answer: Each item in an array (or vector). โ Scalar Variable. Answer: Non array (regular) variable. โ Function. Answer: A named list of statements. โ Function Call. Answer: An invocation of a function's name, causing the function's statements to execute. โ Local Variable. Answer: A variable declared in a function, which is then accessible only within that function. โ Parameter. Answer: A function input specified in a function definition.
โ Algorithm Efficiency. Answer: Typically measured by the algorithm's computational complexity. โ Computational Complexity. Answer: The amount of resources used by the algorithm. โ Runtime Complexity. Answer: A function, T(N), that represents the number of constant time operations performed by the algorithm on an input of size N. โ Space Complexity. Answer: A function, S(N), that represents the number of fixed-size memory units used by the algorithm for an input of size N. โ Auxiliary Space Complexity. Answer: The space complexity not including the input data. โ Heuristic. Answer: A technique that helps an algorithm find a good solution in a hard problem (like always walking toward the north star when you are stuck in a forest). โ SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle). Answer: The overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance.
โ Abstraction. Answer: To have a user interact with an item at a high-level, with lower-level internal details hidden from the user. โ Universal Modeling Language (UML). Answer: Modeling language for software design that uses different types of diagrams to visualize the structure and behavior of programs. โ Use Case Diagram. Answer: Diagrams that show how different types of users will interact with the system. โ Class Diagram. Answer: A visual representation of the relationships between classes. โ Sequence Diagram. Answer: A UML diagram that shows the timing of transactions between objects as they occur during system execution. โ Compiled Language. Answer: A computer programming language, such as C and C++, that uses a software tool called a compiler to translate the code into binary machine language โ Interpreted Language. Answer: Takes the most recently entered instruction, translates it into machine language, and executes it. Examples: Python, Javascript, and MATLAB
