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D467 - EXPLORING DATA QUESTIONS + ANSWERS GRADED A+
Fill in the blank: A data model is used to organize _____ and how they relate to one another.
data elements
When discussing structured databases, data analysts refer to the data contained in a row as a record. How do they refer to the data contained in a column?
Field
Fill in the blank: A data type is a specific kind of data _____ that tells what kind of value the data is.
attribute
In a data table, where are fields contained?
Columns
When using long data, each subject has data in multiple rows. This is because each row represents what?
One observation per subject
Fill in the blank: The number of stars awarded to a product review is an example of _____ data.
discrete
A data analyst works on an urgent traffic study. As a result of the short time frame, which type of data might yield the best results?
Historical
A political scientist needs to poll all voters in Seoul, South Korea, in order to predict the outcome of an election. Because it would be impossible to collect data from every single person in the city, the political scientist polls a part of the population that is representative of the whole. What does this scenario describe?
Using a sample
To track people's online activities and interests, which method of data collection is most effective?
Cookies
3 multiple choice options
What type of data is the height of a skyscraper?
Continuous
In data analytics, what is the term for data that is generated from, and lives, outside of an
External
A data scientist at a tech company records whether users have accepted their company's terms of service or not. What data type is being collected in this scenario?
Boolean
Which of the following questions would enable a data professional to collect nominal qualitative data?
Did anyone recommend our music lessons to you?
Fill in the blank: Bias is a _____ preference in favor of or against a person, group of people, or thing.
conscious or subconscious
What is the term for the tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that validates pre-existing beliefs?
Confirmation bias
Fill in the blank: Data is considered _____ when it is accurate, complete, and unbiased information that has been vetted and proven fit for use.
reliable
A junior data analyst learns that the dataset they have been given is six years old. After looking into this further, they also discovered that the age of the data is making the information irrelevant to their project. What good data source principle have they used to evaluate the dataset?
Current
What concept states that all data-processing activities and algorithms should be completely explainable and understood by the individual who provides their data?
Transaction transparency
A data analyst removes personally identifying information from a dataset. What task are they performing?
Data anonymization
A data team at a nature preserve researches the origin of a dataset to confirm it was created by a reputable source, such as a nonprofit research institution. Which aspect of good data are they prioritizing?
Cited
A manager in charge of selling a particular product interprets any ambiguous customer feedback about the product as being positive. What type of bias does this represent?
Interpretation
Before completing a survey, a respondent learns more about how their data will be used. They understand why their data is being collected and how long it will be stored. What data ethics concept does this describe?
Consent
A university surveys its student-athletes about their experience in college sports. The survey only includes student-athletes with scholarships. What type of bias does this scenario describe?
Sampling
Fill in the blank: The data ethics principle of _____ states that an individual has the right to understand all of the data processing activities and algorithms used on their data.
transaction transparency
A financial institution publishes data about stock prices and market trends, which any business, nonprofit, or citizen can access, reuse, or redistribute through its online databases. What type of data is described in this scenario?
Open
Fill in the blank: A relational database contains a series of _____ that can be connected to form relationships.
tables
What is the term for an identifier that references a database column in which each value is unique?
Primary key
What process do data professionals use to eliminate data redundancy, increase data integrity, and reduce complexity in a database?
What type of file saves data in a table format?
Comma-separated values (.csv)
Bringing data from a .csv file into a spreadsheet is an example of what process?
Importing data
In Google Sheets, what function enables a data analyst to specify a range of cells in one spreadsheet to be duplicated in another?
IMPORTRANGE
What is the process for arranging data into a meaningful order to make it easier to understand, analyze, and visualize?
Sorting
A data analyst is reviewing a national database of real estate sales. They are only interested in sales of condominiums. How can the analyst narrow their scope?
Filter out non-condominium sales
A data analyst works for a rental car company. They have a spreadsheet that lists car ID numbers and the dates cars were returned. How should they sort the spreadsheet to find the most recently returned cars?
By return date, in descending order
Fill in the blank: To keep a header row at the top of a spreadsheet, highlight the row and select _____ from the View menu.
freeze
Fill in the blank: When using SQL, the _____ clause can be used to filter a dataset of customers to only include people who have made a purchase in the past month.
WHERE
A database table is named WebTrafficAnalytics. What type of case is this?
Camel case
A data analyst at a retail company uses a tool to explore the data in its customer database. They learn the definition of each column, the data types contained, and the relationships between different tables. What does this scenario describe?
Using a metadata repository
Fill in the blank: Naming _____ are consistent guidelines used to describe the content, date, or version of a file.
conventions
What is the process of structuring folders broadly at the top, then breaking down those folders into more specific topics?
Creating a hierarchy
Which of the following examples would be the most effective file name?
AirportCampaign_2013_10_09_V
3 multiple choice options
Fill in the blank: Data security involves adopting _____ in order to protect data from unauthorized access or corruption.
safety measures
What data-security measure uses a unique algorithm to alter data and make it inaccessible without the algorithm?
Encryption
When using tokenization as a safety measure, what is replaced as a randomly generated token?
The data elements to be protected
What data-security practice enables all collaborators within a file to track changes, such as who made what edits to the file, when they were made, and why?
Version control
You are in charge of your company's weekly accounting spreadsheet. It has 15 sheets, each containing a different employee's purchases. You add restrictions to the spreadsheet to make sure employees can only edit their own sheets. What practice does this scenario describe?
Data security
Which role does an analyst have in collecting second-party data?
Contracts with an external entity
An analyst needs to show the geographic distribution of customers in the United States by region. Which visual representation should this analyst use?
Charts
Which type of structured data does an analyst use?
Store inventory
What is an example of conceptual data modeling that an analyst uses?
Defining the business requirements for a new database
What leads to confirmation bias in data collection?
People search to verify preexisting beliefs.
How does an analyst ensure that a data source is reliable?
It is accurate, complete, and unbiased information.
What should an analyst consider at the start of data collection to reduce errors?
Bias and fairness
How does an analyst apply data ethics to privacy and collection?
By using the collected data responsibly
How does an analyst apply the principle of ownership to ethics and privacy in data collection?
Individuals who create the data should own it.
How does an analyst apply the principle of consent to ethics and privacy in data collection?
By disclosing how and why the data will be used before the survey
An analyst used a column of a table to uniquely identify each record within a table. Which tool did they use?
December, such as dec, Dec, etc. What will the output of this search query be?
It will return all entries that match DEC only.
What is the general rule regarding the suggested length of each line in a query to maintain indentation best practices?
Less than or equal to 100 characters
What is a feature of the filtering process when applied to spreadsheets?
Filtering hides the data temporarily.
Which process utilizes logical and descriptive names for files, making them easier to find and use?
Foldering
Which process may restrict data analysis needs and should be balanced with data access needs?
Data security
What is the best practice for naming folders and subfolders to organize data?
Use descriptive names.
Which file name follows formatting conventions?
SalesReport_
3 multiple choice options
Fill in the blank: Data _____ involves the accuracy, completeness, consistency, and trustworthiness of data throughout its lifecycle.
integrity
Which process do data analysts use to make data more organized and easier to read?
Data manipulation
Before analysis, a company collects data from countries that use different date formats. Which of the following actions would improve the data integrity?
Change all of the dates to the same format
