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DAANCE /
/module // 1 //Basic //Sciences //Exam //Questions //With
//Correct //Answers
1)What //is //the //role //of //the //central //nervous //system?
2)What /
/are /
/the //
3 //subdivisions //of //the //central //nervous //system? //- //verified //answer(s)-
✔✔1) //To //provide //overall //control //of //body //function
/Central /
/Nervous /
/System, //Peripheral //Nervous //System, //Autonomic //Nervous //System
NERVOUS //SYSTEM:
1) //What //are //the //cells //of //the //nervous //system //called?
2) //What //are //they //responsible //for?
3) //What //is //action //potential? //What //happens //during //this?
4) //How //is //this //related //to //a //synapse?
5) //What //is //a //synapse? //- //verified //answer(s)-✔✔1) //Neurons
/Responsible /
/for /
/conducting /
/nerve /
/impulses //within //the //brain //and //from //one //body //part //to //another
/The /
/nerves /
/threshold //of //stimulus. //When //an //impulse //reaches //the //threshold, //the
//impulse //travels //along //the //neuron //at //a //constant //rate.
/When /
/an /
/impulse /
/reaches /
/the /
/end /
/of //the //neuron, //it //can //pass //to //another //neuron //across //a //synapse.
5) //A //junction //between //two //neurons.
DEPOLARIZATION/REPOLARIZATION:
1) //Explain //depolarization.
/What /
/substance /
/is //often //the //material //moving //in //and //out //of //the //membrane?
3) //What //is //the //wave //of //polarization?
4) //Explain //repolarization.
5) //How //does //this //relate //to //local //anesthetics? //- //verified //answer(s)-
/The /
/outside /
/of //
a /
/nerve /
/membrane /
/is /
/positively /
/charged. /
/When /
/those /
5) //What //action //does //this //substance //have? //- //verified //answer(s)-
/The //bulge //at //the //end //of //the //nerve, //that //touches //the //next //nerve.
2) //The //nerve //before //and //after //the //synapse //that //is //active.
3) //The //gap //between //two //nerves, //which //a //nerve //impulse //must //'jump
//across' //to //communicate //with //the //next //nerve.
4) //Neurotransmitters
/They /
/enable /
/transmission /
/of /
/the /
/depolarization /
/wave //from //one //nerve //onto //the //receptor //sites //of //the //next.
CENTRAL //NERVOUS //SYSTEM:
/What //is //the //central //nervous //system, //and //what //does //it //consist //of?
2) //What //are //the //parts //of //the //CNS? //(4 //parts) //- //verified //answer(s)-
/It /
/is /
/the /
/overall /
/control /
/center //of //the //body, //consists //of //the //brain //and //the //spinal //cord.
/Cerebral //Cortex, //Core //of //the //Brain, //Cerebellum, //and //the //Brainstem.
CEREBRAL //CORTEX:
1) //How //many //parts //does //it //have?
/What //are //its //main //responsibilities? //(6 //things) //- //verified //answer(s)-
✔✔1) // 2 //parts- //paired //cerebral //hemispheres.
/Essential /
/functions- /
/thought, /
/learning, /
/memory, /
/consciousness, /
/feeling /
/of /
/sensation /
/(such //as //pain //or //heat), //and //initiation //of //muscle //movement.
CORE //OF //THE //BRAIN:
1) //What //is //its //main //purpose?
2) //What //does //one //of //the //core's //components //do?
/What /
/can /
/other //important //structures //in //the //core //do? //- //verified //answer(s)-
/Impulses /
/pass //through //the //core //on //their //way //to //or //from //the //cerebral //cortex.
/It /
/serves /
/as //
a /
/relay /
/station /
/between /
/sensory /
/inputs //from //the //periphery //of //the //body //to //the //cerebral //cortex.
1) //What //does //the //lower //portion //of //the //brainstem //contain?
2) //What //does //the //pons //do?
3) //What //does //the //medulla //do? //- //verified //answer(s)-
✔✔1) //Pons //and //medulla.
/It /
/connects /
/to //the //the //cerebellum, //and //controls //coordination //and //movement.
/Contains /
/centers /
/which /
/control //blood //pressure, //heart //rate, //respiratory, //and //digestion.
PERIPHERAL //NERVOUS //SYSTEM:
1) //What //does //this //system //consist //of?
2) //What //are //sensory //nerves?
3) //What //are //motor //nerves?
/What /
/are //the //two //main //components //of //this //system? //- //verified //answer(s)-
/Nerves, /
/which /
/carry /
/impulses /
/away /
/from /
/the /
/CNS /
/to /
/parts /
/of /
/the /
/body, //and //carry //impulses //from //the //periphery //back //to //the //the //CNS.
/Nerves /
/that //bring //messages //from //the //environments //back //to //the //CNS //(such
//as //touch //and //pain).
/Nerves /
/that /
/send //out //responses //to //a //muscle, //which //initiates //body //movement.
4) //The //cranial //and //spinal //nerves.
PERIPHERAL //NERVOUS //SYSTEM- //Cranial //Nerves
1) //What //are //they?
2) //What //are //the //cranial //nerves //which //are //exclusively //sensory?
3) //Which //nerve //is //both //sensory //and //motor?
4) //Which //nerve //is //primarily //a //motor //nerves?
/Which /
/nerve /
/is //a //primary //concern //with //local //anesthesia? //- //verified //answer(s)-
✔✔1) //Nerves //that //start //at //the //base //of //the //brain.
/Optic /
/nerve //(sight), //Olfactory //nerve //(smell), //Auditory //nerve //(sound).
/Trigeminal /
/nerve, /
/which /
/supplies /
/sensation /
/to /
/teeth //and //jaw, //and //has //a //motor //branch //which //supplies //the //muscles
//of //mastication.
/Facial /
/posterior //portion //of //the //maxilla. //Greater //Palatine- //posterior //palate.
//Nasopalatine- //anterior //palate.
AUTONOMIC //NERVOUS //SYSTEM:
1) //What //does //this //regulate? //What //is //this //regulation //called?
2) //What //has //this //system //also //been //called?
/What /
/are //the //two //subdivisions //of //this //system? //- //verified //answer(s)-
/It /
/adjusts /
/functions /
/of /
/the /
/organs /
/to /
/keep /
/the /
/body /
/in //
a /
/constant /
/state, /
/such /
/as /
/blood /
/pressure, /
/heart /
/rate, /
/breathing, /
/body //temperature, //water //balance, //etc. //This //is //called //homeostasis.
2) //Involuntary //or //automatic //nervous //system.
3) //Sympathetic //and //parasympathetic.
AUTONOMIC //NERVOUS //SYSTEM, //Sympathetic //Nervous //System:
1) //What //does //this //system //do?
/What /
/important //thing //does //this //system //maintain? //How //does //it //do //this?
/What /
/chemical /
/does /
/this //system //use //to //cause //action? //What //is //this //a //close //relative //of?
/What /
/are /
/the //effects //of //this //system //sometimes //called? //- //verified //answer(s)-
/It /
/prepared /
/the //body //for //intense //physical //activity //in //response //to //stress.
/The /
/blood /
/pressure. /
/The /
/sympathetic /
/system /
/in /
/the /
/medulla /
/maintains /
/vasoconstrictor //tone, //which //controls //blood //vessel //diameter.
3) //Norepinephrine, //closely //related //to //epinephrine //or //adrenaline.
4) //Adrenergic. //(adrenaline!)
AUTONOMIC //NERVOUS //SYSTEM, //Sympathetic //Nervous //System:
1) //What //are //the //two //subgroups //of //this //system?
/of /
/the /
/aorta, /
/carotid /
/artery, /
/and /
/ventricles //of //the //heart //response //to //changes //in //pressure //and //adjust
//the /
/sympathetic //and //parasympathetic //responses //to //regulate //these.
5) //Baroreceptors.
AUTONOMIC //NERVOUS //SYSTEM- //OMS //Perspective:
1) //What //do //the //anesthetic //drugs //utilized //in //OMS //affect?
/What /
/do //barbiturates //and //propofol //do, //and //what //does //this //result //in?
3) //What //does //ketamine //do, //and //what //does //this //affect?
/What /
/can /
/anticholinergic /
/drugs /
/do, //and //how //does //it //do //this? //What //are //some //anticholinergic //drugs?
//- //verified //answer(s)-
/They /
/affect /
/the /
/vital /
/centers /
/in /
/the /
/medulla /
/and /
/the //pons //that //are //associated //with //the //autonomic //nervous //center.
/They /
/depress /
/the /
/vital //centers, //resulting //in //hypotension //and //respiratory //depression.
/This /
/stimulates /
/the //vital //centers //and //causes //an //increase //in //blood //press //and //pulse.
/They /
/can /
/reduce /
/secretion /
/of /
/saliva, /
/by /
/counteracting /
/parasympathetic //stimulation. //Atropine //or //glycopyrrolate.
AUTONOMIC //NERVOUS //SYSTEM- //OMS //Perspective:
1) //Why //is //epinephrine //put //into //local //anesthetics?
/How /
/are /
/autonomic /
/drugs, /
/such //as //epinephrine, //useful //in //medical //or //anesthetic //emergencies?
3) //How //is //epinephrine //used?
/How /
/is /
/ephedrine /
/used? //How //are //adrenergic //drugs, //such //as //labetalol //used?
/What /
/are /
/the /
/roles /
/of /
/the /
/cholinergic /
/receptors //in //the //heart, //which //normally //receive //acetylcholine?
3) //How //does //atropine //affect //this?
4) //What //does //this //do //to //treat //bradycardia? //- //verified //answer(s)-
/It /
/counteracts /
/the /
/neurotransmitter /
/acetylcholine //at //the //parasympathetic //receptor //sites //in //the //heart.
/To /
/maintain /
/the //heart //rate //at //a //decreased //heart //level //and //keep //it //in //check.
/It /
/blocks /
/acetylcholine, /
/which //stops //the //parasympathetic //'braking' //action //of //the //heart. //
4) //It //increases //heart //rate, //which //overcomes //the //bradycardia.
CARDIOVASCULAR //SYSTEM:
1) //How //much //blood //can //the //heart //pump //per //minute?
2) //What //kind //of //muscle //is //the //heart //made //of? //Why //is //this //special?
3) //What //is //this //ability //called? //- //verified //answer(s)-✔✔1) // 5 //quarts
/Myocardium, /
/it //can //contract //on //its //own //without //stimulation //by //nerves.
3) //Automaticity.
CARDIOVASCULAR //SYSTEM- //UPPER //CHAMBERS:
1) //How //many //chambers //does //the //heart //have?
2) //What //are //the //upper //chambers?
3)Where //do //they //receive //blood //from?
4) //Which //one //receives //oxygen-rich //blood? //- //verified //answer(s)-✔✔1)
2) //The //right //and //left //atria.
/The /
/left /
/atrium /
/receives /
/blood /
/from /
/the /
/lung /
/though /
/the /
/pulmonary //vein. //The //right //atrium //receives //blood //from //the //body. //
4) //The //left //atrium.
CARDIOVASCULAR //SYSTEM- //LOWER //CHAMBERS:
/What /
/are //the //lower //chambers? //Where //do //they //receive //their //blood //from?
2) //What //are //the //physical //differences //between //these //and //the //atria?
3) //Where //does //the //right //ventricle //send //blood //to?
4) //The //first //step.
VESSELS //AND //VALVES:
1) //What //is //the //second //step //in //blood //circulation?
2) //What //valve //does //this //pass //through?
3) //How //much //pressure //does //this //require? //- //verified //answer(s)-
/After /
/the /
/right /
/atrium /
/fills /
/with //blood, //it //contracts //and //forces //blood //into //the //right //ventricle.
2) //Tricuspid //valve.
3) //It //is //the //lowest //in //the //heart, //has //very //little //resistance.
VESSELS //AND //VALVES:
1) //What //is //the //third //step //in //blood //circulation?
/What //is //unique //about //the //pulmonary //artery? //- //verified //answer(s)-
/The /
/right /
/ventricle /
/contracts, /
/causing /
/the /
/tricuspid /
/valve /
/to /
/close, /
/and /
/forces /
/the /
/blood /
/through /
/the /
/pulmonary /
/valve //into //the //pulmonary //artery, //which //goes //to //the //lungs.
2) //It //is //the //only //artery //that //carries //oxygen-depleted //blood.
VESSELS //AND //VALVES:
1) //What //is //the //fourth //step //in //blood //circulation?
/What /
/part /
/of /
/the /
/RBC /
/is /
/responsible /
/for //releasing //the //waste //products, //and //picking //up //oxygen?
/Where /
/does /
/blood /
/go //after //it //as //become //oxygen //saturated? //- //verified //answer(s)-
✔✔1) //Blood //arrives //at //the //lungs //to //be //re-oxygenated.
2) //Hemoglobin.
3) //It //returns //to //the //left //atrium //through //pulmonary //veins.
VESSELS //AND //VALVES:
1) //After //the //left //atrium //fills //and //contracts, //where //does //it //go //next?
/What //are //the //final //steps //in //blood //circulation? //- //verified //answer(s)-
✔✔1) //It //passes //through //the //mitral //valve //into //the //left //ventricle.
