Docsity
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Docsity AI
Docsity AI
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search for your university

Find the specific documents for your university's exams

Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

DAANCE Module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide - Nervous, Circulatory Systems & Heart Rhythm, Exams of Nursing

A.T. Still University of Health Sciences (ATSU)Nursing

A comprehensive study guide for the daance module 1, focusing on the basic sciences of the nervous system, circulatory system, and heart rhythm. It includes verified answers to questions about the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system, synapses, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, brainstem, peripheral nervous system-cranial nerves, vessels and valves, cardiac issues, arteries and veins, heart rhythm, and heart conduction. It also covers blood vessels of the head and neck, and superficial veins of the head and neck.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 05/08/2024

solution02
solution02 🇺🇸

3

(4)

779 documents

1 / 27

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide
Questions Answered (Verified Answers) 2024
1)What is the role of the central nervous system?
2)What are the 3 subdivisions of the central nervous system? - Correct
Answer ✅1) To provide overall control of body function
2) Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous
System
NERVOUS SYSTEM:
1) What are the cells of the nervous system called?
2) What are they responsible for?
3) What is action potential? What happens during this?
4) How is this related to a synapse?
5) What is a synapse? - Correct Answer ✅1) Neurons
2) Responsible for conducting nerve impulses within the brain and from one
body part to another
3) The nerves threshold of stimulus. When an impulse reaches the threshold,
the impulse travels along the neuron at a constant rate.
4) When an impulse reaches the end of the neuron, it can pass to another
neuron across a synapse.
DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide
Questions Answered (Verified Answers) 2023
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
pf1a
pf1b

Partial preview of the text

Download DAANCE Module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide - Nervous, Circulatory Systems & Heart Rhythm and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

Questions Answered (Verified Answers) 2024

1)What is the role of the central nervous system? 2)What are the 3 subdivisions of the central nervous system? - Correct Answer ✅1) To provide overall control of body function

  1. Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System NERVOUS SYSTEM:
  2. What are the cells of the nervous system called?
  3. What are they responsible for?
  4. What is action potential? What happens during this?
  5. How is this related to a synapse?
  6. What is a synapse? - Correct Answer ✅1) Neurons
  7. Responsible for conducting nerve impulses within the brain and from one body part to another
  8. The nerves threshold of stimulus. When an impulse reaches the threshold, the impulse travels along the neuron at a constant rate.
  9. When an impulse reaches the end of the neuron, it can pass to another neuron across a synapse.

DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide

Questions Answered (Verified Answers) 2024

  1. A junction between two neurons. DEPOLARIZATION/REPOLARIZATION:
  2. Explain depolarization.
  3. What substance is often the material moving in and out of the membrane?
  4. What is the wave of polarization?
  5. Explain repolarization.
  6. How does this relate to local anesthetics? - Correct Answer ✅1) The outside of a nerve membrane is positively charged. When those charges move into the membrane, the outside is left negatively charged.
  7. Na+ ions
  8. The movement of changing charges during depolarization.
  9. After the nerve impulse passes through the nerve, the nerve fibers become repolarized, or positively charged, again.
  10. Local anesthetics interfere with Na+ ions traveling through the ion channels, preventing depolarization and slowing or stopping the nerve impulses.

DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide

Questions Answered (Verified Answers) 2024

  1. Cerebral Cortex, Core of the Brain, Cerebellum, and the Brainstem. CEREBRAL CORTEX:
  2. How many parts does it have?
  3. What are its main responsibilities? (6 things) - Correct Answer ✅1) 2 parts- paired cerebral hemispheres.
  4. Essential functions- thought, learning, memory, consciousness, feeling of sensation (such as pain or heat), and initiation of muscle movement. CORE OF THE BRAIN:
  5. What is its main purpose?
  6. What does one of the core's components do?
  7. What can other important structures in the core do? - Correct Answer ✅1) Impulses pass through the core on their way to or from the cerebral cortex.
  8. It serves as a relay station between sensory inputs from the periphery of the body to the cerebral cortex.
  9. They play important roles in the body's autonomic (automatic) functions, and emotions.

DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide

Questions Answered (Verified Answers) 2024

CEREBELLUM:

  1. What is the purpose? - Correct Answer ✅1) It is the coordinating center for both sensory receptors (vision, hearing) and coordination of movement. BRAINSTEM:
  2. Where is this located?
  3. What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?
  4. What important control centers does it contain?
  5. What else does it contain, and what does this do? - Correct Answer ✅1) Between the brains core and the spinal cord (inferiorly).
  6. midbrains, pons, medulla oblongata.
  7. Autonomic (automatic) nervous system.
  8. Reticular formation, responsible for consciousness or arousal. BRAINSTEM:
  9. What does the lower portion of the brainstem contain?
  10. What does the pons do?

DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide

Questions Answered (Verified Answers) 2024

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM- Cranial Nerves

  1. What are they?
  2. What are the cranial nerves which are exclusively sensory?
  3. Which nerve is both sensory and motor?
  4. Which nerve is primarily a motor nerves?
  5. Which nerve is a primary concern with local anesthesia? - Correct Answer ✅1) Nerves that start at the base of the brain.
  6. Optic nerve (sight), Olfactory nerve (smell), Auditory nerve (sound).
  7. Trigeminal nerve, which supplies sensation to teeth and jaw, and has a motor branch which supplies the muscles of mastication.
  8. Facial nerve, supplies motor fibers for facial expression such as smiling, frowning, etc.
  9. Trigeminal nerve CRANIAL NERVE, TRIGEMINAL NERVE: Mandible
  10. What are the 3 branches of the nerve?
  11. What nerves are anesthetized when working on the mandible? What is this injection called?

DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide

Questions Answered (Verified Answers) 2024

  1. What areas does this affect? - Correct Answer ✅1) Opthalmic, Maxillary, and Mandibular.
  2. Inferior alveolar and lingual nerves. Mandibular block.
  3. Mandibular teeth, chin, lips, half of the tongue, and the floor of the mouth. CRANIAL NERVE, TRIGEMINAL NERVE: Maxilla
  4. If teeth are not infiltrated individually, what types of blocks can be used?
  5. What do each of these nerves supply? - Correct Answer ✅1) Posterior superior alveolar, greater palatine, and nasopalatine.
  6. Posterior Superior Alveolar- posterior portion of the maxilla. Greater Palatine- posterior palate. Nasopalatine- anterior palate. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM:
  7. What does this regulate? What is this regulation called?
  8. What has this system also been called?
  9. What are the two subdivisions of this system? - Correct Answer ✅1) It adjusts functions of the organs to keep the body in a constant state, such as

DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide

Questions Answered (Verified Answers) 2024

  1. What are the two subgroups of this system?
  2. What are the two sections of the second subgroup? - Correct Answer ✅1) Alpha (vasoconstriction of arteries and veins) and Beta (big organs)
  3. #1- Heart, increases heart rate and strength of contractions. #2 Lung, causes bronchodilation. PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM:
  4. What does this system do?
  5. What chemical does this system use? What are the actions of this system called?
  6. What drugs do we use that counteracts this?
  7. How does this system regulate blood press and heart rate?
  8. What are these receptors called? - Correct Answer ✅1) Creates a vegetative state, such as slowing the heart, increased salivary secretion, and increased digestion. 2)Acetylcholine. Cholinergic.
  9. Glycopyrrolate or atropine.

DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide

Questions Answered (Verified Answers) 2024

  1. Receptors in the walls of the aorta, carotid artery, and ventricles of the heart response to changes in pressure and adjust the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses to regulate these.
  2. Baroreceptors. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM- OMS Perspective:
  3. What do the anesthetic drugs utilized in OMS affect?
  4. What do barbiturates and propofol do, and what does this result in?
  5. What does ketamine do, and what does this affect?
  6. What can anticholinergic drugs do, and how does it do this? What are some anticholinergic drugs? - Correct Answer ✅1) They affect the vital centers in the medulla and the pons that are associated with the autonomic nervous center.
  7. They depress the vital centers, resulting in hypotension and respiratory depression.
  8. This stimulates the vital centers and causes an increase in blood press and pulse.
  9. They can reduce secretion of saliva, by counteracting parasympathetic stimulation. Atropine or glycopyrrolate.

DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide

Questions Answered (Verified Answers) 2024

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM- OMS Perspective:

  1. How is atropine used in bradycardia?
  2. What are the roles of the cholinergic receptors in the heart, which normally receive acetylcholine?
  3. How does atropine affect this?
  4. What does this do to treat bradycardia? - Correct Answer ✅1) It counteracts the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the parasympathetic receptor sites in the heart.
  5. To maintain the heart rate at a decreased heart level and keep it in check.
  6. It blocks acetylcholine, which stops the parasympathetic 'braking' action of the heart.
  7. It increases heart rate, which overcomes the bradycardia. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
  8. How much blood can the heart pump per minute?
  9. What kind of muscle is the heart made of? Why is this special?
  10. What is this ability called? - Correct Answer ✅1) 5 quarts
  11. Myocardium, it can contract on its own without stimulation by nerves.

DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide

Questions Answered (Verified Answers) 2024

  1. Automaticity. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM- UPPER CHAMBERS:
  2. How many chambers does the heart have?
  3. What are the upper chambers? 3)Where do they receive blood from?
  4. Which one receives oxygen-rich blood? - Correct Answer ✅1) 4.
  5. The right and left atria.
  6. The left atrium receives blood from the lung though the pulmonary vein. The right atrium receives blood from the body.
  7. The left atrium. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM- LOWER CHAMBERS:
  8. What are the lower chambers? Where do they receive their blood from?
  9. What are the physical differences between these and the atria?
  10. Where does the right ventricle send blood to?
  11. Where does the left ventricle send blood to?

DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide

Questions Answered (Verified Answers) 2024

VESSELS AND VALVES:

  1. What is the second step in blood circulation?
  2. What valve does this pass through?
  3. How much pressure does this require? - Correct Answer ✅1) After the right atrium fills with blood, it contracts and forces blood into the right ventricle.
  4. Tricuspid valve.
  5. It is the lowest in the heart, has very little resistance. VESSELS AND VALVES:
  6. What is the third step in blood circulation?
  7. What is unique about the pulmonary artery? - Correct Answer ✅1) The right ventricle contracts, causing the tricuspid valve to close, and forces the blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, which goes to the lungs.
  8. It is the only artery that carries oxygen-depleted blood.

DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide

Questions Answered (Verified Answers) 2024

VESSELS AND VALVES:

  1. What is the fourth step in blood circulation?
  2. What part of the RBC is responsible for releasing the waste products, and picking up oxygen?
  3. Where does blood go after it as become oxygen saturated? - Correct Answer ✅1) Blood arrives at the lungs to be re-oxygenated.
  4. Hemoglobin.
  5. It returns to the left atrium through pulmonary veins. VESSELS AND VALVES:
  6. After the left atrium fills and contracts, where does it go next?
  7. What are the final steps in blood circulation? - Correct Answer ✅1) It passes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle.
  8. The left ventricle contracts,closing the mitral valve and forcing the blood through the aortic valve and into the aorta. This blood goes to the body.
  9. Right atrium receives oxygen depleted blood from the body.

DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide

Questions Answered (Verified Answers) 2024

CARDIAC ISSUES:

  1. What are the numerous vessels that pierce the myocardium called? What do many heart problems result from?
  2. What is ischemia?
  3. What is angina pectoris? How is it relieved?
  4. What is a much more serious problem from poor coronary circulation?
  5. What does infarction mean? - Correct Answer ✅1) Coronary arteries and veins. From faulty or reduced coronary circulation.
  6. When reduced oxygen supply damages heart cells, but does not cause necrosis.
  7. Chest pain, this is what results from ischemia. Nitroglycerine relives this.
  8. Myocardial infarction, aka heart attack.
  9. The death of an area of tissue because of an interrupted blood supply. ARTERIES AND VEINS:
  10. What do arteries turn into as they leave the heart? What is their final destination?

DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide

Questions Answered (Verified Answers) 2024

  1. How do these connect back to the heart? - Correct Answer ✅1) Arterioles, and then capillaries. They exchange oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other waste from the cells of the body.
  2. Capillaries connect to venules, which are the smallest veins. These turn into small veins, then larger veins, and finally into the the Superior or Inferior Vena Cava. ARTERIES AND VEINS:
  3. What are the major differences between arteries and veins?
  4. What does the layer of muscle do? Which happens during a sympathetic stimulation? What happens after the stimulation disappears?
  5. What is a lumen?
  6. What is vasoconstriction and vasodilatation? - Correct Answer ✅1) Arteries have much thicker walls to handle press of blood flow. They are more elastic an have a muscular layer around them.
  7. It can expand and contract the artery. It contracts the arterial wall. The artery expands.
  8. It is the hollow core of the artery.

DAANCE module 1: Basic Sciences Study Guide