Data Processing: Collecting, Manipulating and Analyzing Data, Lecture notes of Data Structures and Algorithms

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DATA PROCESSING

DATA PROCESSING

Data processing is the collecting and

manipulation of data into the usable and

desired form

The Input of the processing is the collection of

data from different sources like text file data,

excel file data, database, even unstructured

data like images, audio clips, video clips, GPRS

data, and so on.

Data processing tools

1. Calculation and Analysis tools

2. Data-Base Management Tools

3. Online surveys and descriptive statistics

4. Statistical Data Analysis Tools

Different Types of Output

**1. Plain text file

2. Table/ Spreadsheet
3. Graphs and Charts
4. An Image File or Maps/Vector**

ANALYSIS OF DATA

DEFINITION -: analysis mean the categorizing , ordering , manipulating , &

summarizing of data to obtain answers to research question

METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF DATA

1. Parametric Or standard test-:

The sample is large

Population have normal distribution

The observation are independent # Variables are expressed in interval or

ratio scale

e.g. t-test , z-test, f-test , analysis of variance etc

NON-PARAMETRIC TEST

Also known as distribution –free test

CHARACTERISTICS

Use when normal distribution is doubtful

Sample size is small

Data expressed in terms of ranks

MEASURE OF CENTRAL VALUE/TENDENCY/LOCATION

Five basic measures of central tendency

 Arithmetic mean

 Median

 Mode

 Range

 Standard Deviation

The sum of the value of individual in the data divided by the number of

individual in the data.

FORMULA

Let X= a single measurement

n = number of measurements under study

Mean:

Median:

the value which is located in the middle of a series when the observation

are arranged in order of magnitude

Median:

MEASURE OF DISPERSON

 It indicate the extend of scattering or variability of item about a central value

RANGE

MEAN DEVIATION

STANDARD DEVIATION

QUARTILE DEVIATION

COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION

Range is difference between the smallest & largest of

observation

Range = largest value – smallest value

Range

range = highest − lowest = 13 − 1 = 12.

STANDARD DEVIATION

QUARTILE DEVIATION

Quartile Deviation defines the absolute measure of dispersion.

The Quartile Deviation(QD) is the product of half of the

difference between the upper and lower quartiles.

A Coefficient of QD is used to study & compare the degree of

variation in different situations.