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guria rani 09
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AgendaAgenda
Introduction and participants needs Introduction and participants needs
We will review “what is a database;” We will review “what is a database;”
Understand the difference between data Understand the difference between data
and information;and information;
What is the purpose of a database system; What is the purpose of a database system;
How to select a database system; How to select a database system;
Database definitions and fundamental Database definitions and fundamental
building blocks;building blocks;
What is a databaseWhat is a database
A database is any organized collection of A database is any organized collection of
data. Some examples of databases youdata. Some examples of databases you may encounter in your daily life are:may encounter in your daily life are: (^) a telephone booka telephone book (^) T.V. GuideT.V. Guide (^) airline reservation systemairline reservation system (^) motor vehicle registration recordsmotor vehicle registration records
(^) papers in your filing cabinetpapers in your filing cabinet (^) files on your computer hard drive.files on your computer hard drive.
Data vs. information:Data vs. information:
What is the difference? What is the difference?
What is data? What is data?
(^) Data can be defined inData can be defined in many ways. Informationmany ways. Information science defines data asscience defines data as unprocessed information.unprocessed information.
What is information? What is information? (^) Information is data thatInformation is data that have been organized andhave been organized and communicated in a coherentcommunicated in a coherent and meaningful manner.and meaningful manner. (^) Data is converted intoData is converted into information, and informationinformation, and information is converted intois converted into knowledge.knowledge. (^) Knowledge; informationKnowledge; information evaluated and organized soevaluated and organized so that it can be usedthat it can be used purposefully.purposefully.
What is the ultimate purpose ofWhat is the ultimate purpose of
a database management a database management
system? system?
Is to transform Is to transform
More about database definitionMore about database definition
What is a database? What is a database?
Quite simply, it’s an organized collection of data. A Quite simply, it’s an organized collection of data. A
database management system (DBMS) such asdatabase management system (DBMS) such as Access, FileMaker, Lotus Notes, Oracle or SQLAccess, FileMaker, Lotus Notes, Oracle or SQL Server which provides you with the softwareServer which provides you with the software tools you need to organize that data in a flexibletools you need to organize that data in a flexible manner. It includes tools to add, modify ormanner. It includes tools to add, modify or delete data from the database, ask questions (ordelete data from the database, ask questions (or queries) about the data stored in the databasequeries) about the data stored in the database and produce reports summarizing selectedand produce reports summarizing selected contents.contents.
Types of DatabasesTypes of Databases
Non-relational databases Non-relational databases
Non-relational databases place information in field categories that we create so Non-relational databases place information in field categories that we create so that information is available for sorting and disseminating the way we need it.that information is available for sorting and disseminating the way we need it. The data in a non-relational database, however, is limited to that program andThe data in a non-relational database, however, is limited to that program and cannot be extracted and applied to a number of other software programs, orcannot be extracted and applied to a number of other software programs, or other database files within a school or administrative system. The data other database files within a school or administrative system. The data can only be "copied and pasted.“ Example: a spread sheetcan only be "copied and pasted.“ Example: a spread sheet
Relational databases Relational databases
In relational databases, fields can be used in a number of ways (and In relational databases, fields can be used in a number of ways (and can be of variable length), provided that they are linked in tables. It iscan be of variable length), provided that they are linked in tables. It is developed based on a database model that provides for logicaldeveloped based on a database model that provides for logical connections among files (known as tables) by including identifyingconnections among files (known as tables) by including identifying data from one table in another tabledata from one table in another table
Selecting a DatabaseSelecting a Database
Management System Management System
Database management systems (or DBMSs) can be divided into Database management systems (or DBMSs) can be divided into two categories -- desktop databases and server databases.two categories -- desktop databases and server databases. Generally speaking, desktop databases are oriented toward Generally speaking, desktop databases are oriented toward single-user applications and reside on standard personalsingle-user applications and reside on standard personal computers (hence the term desktop).computers (hence the term desktop). Server databases contain mechanisms to ensure the reliability Server databases contain mechanisms to ensure the reliability and consistency of data and are geared toward multi-userand consistency of data and are geared toward multi-user applications.applications.
Some DefinitionsSome Definitions
A A File:File: A group or collection of similar records, like INST6031 FallA group or collection of similar records, like INST6031 Fall Student File, American History 1850-1866 file, Basic Food GroupStudent File, American History 1850-1866 file, Basic Food Group Nutrition FileNutrition File A A record book:record book: a "rolodex" of data records, like address lists,a "rolodex" of data records, like address lists, inventory lists, classes or thematic units, or groupings of otherinventory lists, classes or thematic units, or groupings of other unique records that are combined into one list (found inunique records that are combined into one list (found in AppleWorks, FileMaker Pro AppleWorks, FileMaker Pro software).software). A A fieldfield : one category of information, i.e., Name, Address, Semester: one category of information, i.e., Name, Address, Semester Grade, Academic topicGrade, Academic topic A A recordrecord : one piece of data, i.e., one student's information, a recipe,: one piece of data, i.e., one student's information, a recipe, a test questiona test question A A layoutlayout : a design for a database that contains field names and: a design for a database that contains field names and possibly graphics.possibly graphics.
Database glossary Database glossary
Tables comprise the fundamental building blocks of any database. If you're familiar withTables comprise the fundamental building blocks of any database. If you're familiar with spreadsheets, you'll find database tables extremely similar. Take a look at this example of aspreadsheets, you'll find database tables extremely similar. Take a look at this example of a table sample database:table sample database:
The table above contains the employee information for our organization -- characteristicsThe table above contains the employee information for our organization -- characteristics like name, date of birth and title. Examine the construction of the table and you'll find thatlike name, date of birth and title. Examine the construction of the table and you'll find that each column of the table corresponds to a specific employee characteristic (oreach column of the table corresponds to a specific employee characteristic (or attributeattribute inin database terms). Each row corresponds to one particular employee and contains his or herdatabase terms). Each row corresponds to one particular employee and contains his or her information. That's all there is to it! If it helps, think of each one of these tables as ainformation. That's all there is to it! If it helps, think of each one of these tables as a spreadsheet-style listing of information.spreadsheet-style listing of information.
Fundamental building blocks Fundamental building blocks
Some Quality ControlSome Quality Control
Considerations Considerations
Remember “garbage in – Remember “garbage in – garbage out”. Some examplesgarbage out”. Some examples and how to prevent this.and how to prevent this.
Quality management Quality management encompasses three distinctencompasses three distinct processes: quality planning,processes: quality planning, quality control, and qualityquality control, and quality improvementimprovement
Quality Planning in relation to Quality Planningin relation to database systems design:database systems design: (^) Who will perform dataWho will perform data entry?entry? (^) Training? On-line help?Training? On-line help? (^) How data entry will beHow data entry will be performed?performed?
Data entry considerationsData entry considerations
