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INTERNSHIP REPORT
POF
ED DEPARTMENT
SUBMITTED BY:
TALYA SAMEEN
SUBMITTED TO:
MANAGER ED
DATE:
09-JULY-
COMSATS INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY, WAH CANTT.
ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION
ED stands for electricity distribution. The electric energy obtained in the electric generation process must be transported to the end user by electric conductors without large resistive power losses in the distribution process. A key part of the strategy for doing so involves using transformers to increase the voltage to
hundreds of thousands of volts to minimize loss to heat in the transmission wires.
The conductors used are:
**
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM:
Transmission can be done by two systems
_1. Underground system
- Overhead system_
In POF, 90 percent underground system is used but only within a factory. The transmission outside the factory to residential and commercial areas is done by the overhead system.
TRANSMISSION WITHIN POF:
In POF two types of cable are used:
_1. PILC
- XLPE_
PILC
PILC stands for paper insulated lead covered high voltage
mains power cable.
This cable is also called oil filled cable.
Voltage is 6350/11000v.
3 cored PILC is used
XLPE
IN P.O.F:
11KV and Above for HT
400v and below used for LT
Visit to 132 KV Primary substation(from WAPDA):
Components:
1. 132 KV circuit breakers: - Voltage: 126KV, 252K - (^) Excellent Breaking capability - high reliability - It is a triple pole switch _- It is an automatic switch.
- Isolator switches:_ - It is manually operated - It is of load device _- it has no interrupting rating
- Lightening arrestors:_
A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems to protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning. The typical lightning arrester has a high-voltage terminal and a ground terminal.
4. Current transformer(CT): - Use to measure very high currents. - It ensures that primary & secondary circuits are effectively coupled & secondary current has an accurate relation to primary current. - CT works with secondary shorted to avoid arcing
It steps down the current level to be safely measured through meters.
5. Power transformer(PT): - Used to measure very high voltages - Used for protection & metering purposes.
WATER PLANT
_- 0.15 ppm chlorine adds in normal days.
- 0.225 ppm chlorine adds in rainy season. 2._ Analyzing test: - Test all the elements present in the water.
BOOSTER PUMP HOUSE TABLE
Pump
Wah # Type model
make r
capacit y
sue disch head hp rpm Reading area 1 Centrifug al ETA 125/
KSB 3 cusec 6โ 4โ 140โ 80 290 0
1/F tank
Centrifug al ETA 125/
KSB 3 cusec 6โ 4โ 140โ 80 290 0
1/F tank
Centrifug al ETA 125/
KSB 3 cusec 6โ 4โ 140โ 80 290 0
1/F tank
LED STREET LIGHT
_- Operates on 10 watt
- Convert ac into dc
- Digital timers are installed_
MEGGER
Inevitable damage to electrical cables can cause them to not effectively transmit electricity or other signals. A Megger is the brand name of a special megohmmeter
capable of detecting very small resistance disturbances in high- voltage electrical circuits. It is most commonly used in industrial installations with multi-phase power supplies. Megger produces and provides high-performance insulation tests for electrical equipment applications.
Cable meggers detect cable faults through the use of a pulse echo, which helps electricians and other technicians locate damage or discontinuity to a cable. They can then find the damaged cable and repair it by cutting out the damaged wire, adding new wire and crimping it.
Supply voltage= 220 volts
Step up transformers are installed inside.
It has two parts:
1. TDR
It is time domain reflector. It works on the difference of
resistance. It gives an approximate position where the fault occurs.
2. SURGE GENERATOR.
It works at 220 volts. It gives pulses through ground phone and indicates the area of fault.
MOTORS
300-400 HP motors are working in POF. There are two types of motors.
_1. AC
- DC_
#=96874, rpm=150/
Phase=3 , frame= c-
B.H.P= 300, volts=
F= 50 hz
Star connection
Amperes= 390
HT OVERHEAD LINES
HT DISK INSULATORS:
They placed on start and end side of the HT overhead lines for 11 kv. They specially design with electro mechanical strength. They Provides smooth surface for self-cleaning under contamination
HT PIN INSULATORS:
They places in the center position of the wire. They can be in any colour.
LT OVERHEAD LINES
SHAKLE INSULATORS:
They have capability to resist normal domestic voltage. They have smooth functioning and required low maintenance. They are installed on start and end terminal of the wire.
PIN INSULATOR:
They are installed in the middle portion of the wire.
