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33 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2075 Bhadra
Level BE^ Full Marla 80
Programme BCT Pass Marks 32 Year lPart ru/II (^) iTime 3 hrs. {gD&9LP@3gry3gryg!-$ystem Gr6^ s^ 2)_ Candidates are^ required to give^ their^ answers^ in their own words^ as^ far as^ pr:acticable.
Attempt AII questions.
The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks. Assume suitable data if^ necessary.
What do you^ mean by scheme and instances? Mention the different levels of data
abstraction and explain. (^) I2+2J a) Identify relevant attributes and construct an ER diagram with proper mapping
constraints for a university which^ has many^ departnents and each^ departnent has
rnultiple instructors; one among them is the head of the department. An instructor
belongs to^ only^ one^ departrnent, each deparfinent^ offers^ multiple^ courses, each^ of
which is taught by a^ single^ instnrctor.^ A^ shrdent^ may^ enroll^ for^ many^ courses^ offered
by different deparfinents. (^) 16l b) Define unary relationship along with^ example. How^ you convert^ an^ ER relationship into relation schema? Explain with examples of different cardinalities. (^) 12+
- a) Consider the following relational data model. (^) t2x4'!
Student (crn,^ name, address, phone,^ dob) Course (courseid,^ cffi, duration, fee) Enroll (enrolled,^ cname,^ courseid,^ enrolldata"^ completedata) i) Write the SQL^ statements^ required^ to^ create^ the^ above relations,^ including
- (^) appropriate versions of all primary (^) and foreign key integrity (^) constraints,
*./ (^) ii) Write an expression in SQL to find cm, names and enroll data of all students urlro have taken the^ course'java'^ (cname)
iii) Write SQL to find the names and address^ of all^ the^ students^ wtro^ have^ taken both
course java^ and^ linux.
iv) Write an expression in SQL to Create^ a^ view'student^ tsurse'having^ the^ athibutes
crn, name, phone,^ coursename, enrolldata b) Consider the following^ relational^ database^ 12" sailor (sailorid,^ snarne,^ rating,^ age) boat (boatid,^ boatname,^ color) resetres (sailorid,^ boatid,^ date) Write relational algebra expressions^ for^ the^ following: i)t Find^ the names^ of^ sailor who^ has^ reserved boat^ number^ 105. ii) Find the names^ of^ sailors who^ have reserved^ a^ red boat.
iii) Find the names of all sailor who^ have reserved either^ a^ red boat^ or a^ greenboat.
iv) Give an expression in QBE to^ find^ the^ sailors^ name^ and^ age^ who^ have reserved^ a
red boat.
{ / {
l.
I
- a) Why (^) do we need normalization? Differentiate primary key (^) and foreign key. Differentiate between 3NF and BCNF. (^) [2+2+3]
b) Consider the relation Treatment with the schema: Treahnent (doctorlD, doctorName,
PatientlD, diagnosis) and functional dependencies; doctorlD+doctorName and (doctorlD, patientlD)+diagnosis.
Describe different tlpes of problem that can arise for this relation with records
Explain with diagram about process of query processing (^) in RDBMS. How are
equivalence rules for relational algebra helpful for query optimization? Explain with
example. (^) [5+3] a) Describe (^) about fxed-length record (^) and variable length record along wift examples. (^) t4l b) Describe B+ tree structure used for indexing. (^) t4l
Define transaction and explain various states of a transaction with a transition diagrarn.
Describe about two phase^ locking protocol^ for concurrent transastion along with its
limiations.
Write the different types of failures that may occur in system. Ditrereutidc between
shadow paging and log-based recovery.
a) Write about data warehouse with its components.
b) Write about spatial database.
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5- a) What is a functional dependency? List the various integrity constraints and e4plain
about the referential (^) integrity (^) along with an (^) example. t3+ b) Define lNF, 2NF (^) and 3NF. Illustrate your:mswer (^) with suitable (^) example.
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6- What is the task of evaluation engine in query processing? Explain cost based qu€ry
optimization and (^) Heuristic optimization. (^) ' 14+
- (^) a) What is the difference (^) between ordered (^) indices (^) and hash indices (^) in a database? (^) What
is the (^) advantage of using sparse (^) index?
b) Write about fixed length record and variable length record organization in DBMS?
- Explain (^) the possible tansaction (^) states (^) in DBMS. Explain the concept (^) of (^) conflict
searilizability with an example.
- Explain (^) the idea of log-based recovery.
10. a) Explain homogenous and heterogeneous disfributed database.
b) What is Spatial Database System?
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45 'TRIBI{UVAN^ UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2O74 Bhadra
F_y1QigS!:--_D*"ua9e_Mpgpg-en91t_lvql9-(-cI6i
{
Candidates are required to^ give their^ answers^ in their own words^ as^ far^ as^ practicable.
Attempt All questions.
The figures in^ the^ margin indicate^ Full.^ Marks
Assume suitable data^ if^ necessary-
Mention the advantages of^ the^ DBMS^ over^ the^ file^ processing^ system and explain^ briefly. a) Define discriminator in ER^ diagram. Explain different keys^ used^ in^ database design- b) Draw the Entity-Relationship^ Diagram^ (ERD)^ with^ appropriate mapping cardinalities
for the following scenario'
A production^ company consists^ of^ a^ machining,^ fabrication^ and assembly^ department.
Employees are u"rignla to^ different^ departments. Each^ depanment^ is^ managed^ by^ a
-gir. Each^ "p1oy". has at^ most^ one recognized^ skill,^
but a given^ skill may^ be
possessed by several employees.^ An^ employee^ is^ able^ to^ operate a^ given machine-type
(e.g. lathe, grinder, welding) of^ each department. Some^ of^ the^ employees^ are^ paid
overtirne d^ ,o.^ of^ them^ are^ paid^ with^ daily^ basis.^ According^ to their^ designation
(eg. mechanic, welder) are supposed to^ maintain^ at^ least^ one^ machine-type^ of^ their
departrnent. Raw materials^ are bought from different^ vendors^ and^ fetched^ to^ the
*u.hining department.^ Parts^ from^ machining^ department^ are fetched^ to^ fabrication
depanrnent and so^ on.^ Many^ parts are assembled^ together^ to^ form^ a^ product. The^ final
products from assembly department are stored^ in^ the^ ware^ house.^ Products^ are labeled
with different specifications^ (eg,^ Product-Id,^ Producuype,^ MRP,^ etc).
Consider the^ following relational^ data^ model Employee (empid,^ ename, age, salarY) Department (deptid, dname, budget,^ managerid) Works (empid, deptid, hours) (i) (^) Write the SQL statements required to^ create the above^ relations,^ including^ appropriate versions of all primary^ and foreign^ key^ integrity constraints.
(ii) Write an expression in SQL to find^ the name^ of^ departmept whose employee^ earns^ the
maximum salary.
(iii)Write SQL to find the name of the employee, department^ name^ and^ the^ number^ of
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hours they work
(iv)Write an expression in^ SQL^ to^ give
is in between 45 to 50 years.
- Consider the following relational^ database^ [2xa] Account (gggArmt-numb^ er, branch-n€une, balance) Branch (branch-narlg, branch-city, assets) Customer (cust-nanqg,^ cust-street,^ cust-city) Loan (lqan-nqglber, branch-name, amount) Depositor (cust-nam.e,^ account-number) Borrower (cust-name, lo-an-number) Write the relational^ algebra expressions^ for^ the^ following:
every employee a20Vo raise in^ salary whose^ age
", TRIBHWAN TIMVERSTTY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Exarnination Control Division
2073 Magh
Programme Year lParJ Full Marks i Pass Marks Time Exarn. BE BCT 32 mlil
- Database Management SYstem
{
Candidates are^ required to give^ their^ answers^ in their own words^ as^ far^ as^ practicable.
Attempt AII questions.
The figures in the margin^ indicste^ FulI Marlu- Assume suitable data^ if^ necessary-
What do^ you^ mean^ by^ data abstraction?^ List^ the various^ level^ of^ data^ abstraction^ and
briefly explain.
a) What are data models?^ Explain^ various^ tlpes^ of^ data^ models. b) - Design an E-R diagram^ for^ a^ database^ for^ an^ airlines^ system.^ The^ darabase^ must^ keep
trackof customers and^ their^ reservations,^ flights^ and^ their^ stratus,^ seat assignments^ on
individual flights^ and^ the^ schedule and^ routing of^ future^ flights.^ Apply^ all^ the^ database
design constraints as^ much^ as^ possible. a) Consider the following^ relational^ data^ model.
name,' address, managelid)
Qgp,attment(dePti d,^ d^ n^ arne)
P*i'#ot(pi{,' tatle,^ budget, deptid)
$orks.-on(empid, pid,^ hours)
relational atgebraic expression for the^ following:
Glfid;,;the names of all^ employee^ from^ cornputer^ department
,g.ionrii,wittr tneir^ mana6df^ tiaTn€.^
.
lfti'.rpip6'the names^ of^ all the employees who works on projeot with
b,gdget more than^ 50000.^. I Find^ .the^ total^ number^ of prflects^ from each^ department^ along ttdth,the department name.
Write down the SQL^ queries^ for^ following:
i) Find the name^ of^ employees^ who works^ on^ project^ with^ the^ highest^ budgel ii) Create a^ view^ with^ empid,^ name,^ project^ title^ and budget.
iii) Update the^ budget^ of all project^ by20%^ where^ any^ employee^ works^ formore^ than
l2 [ours.
Define functional dependency.^ Explain^ partial^ and^ transitive^ functional^ dependency with example.
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b) Define decomposition^ and^ its^ desirable^ properties.^ Explain^ 3NF^ and^ BCNF.
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- Define query processing.^ Explain^ the^ various approactes^ used^ r.o^ evaluate^ any expressio
with sitable example.
- a) What is RAID? Which^ RAID^ level^ would you prefer the best^ for^ safety^ of ryplication
and why? b) What is indexing? Why^ dpamic^ hashing is^ adnmtageous over static^ hashing?
- a)^ Define^ ACID^ properties^ of a^ transaction.^ Describe^ tlre^ concept^ of^ conflict
serializability for^ concurrent execution of^ transactions-
b) How two phase^ looking^ protocol^ helps^ in^ concurrency^ control?^ Explain.
- What is stable storage?^ Explain^ the^ log^ bas€d^ recovery^ mc'hanism-
- a) Describe briefly^ about object oriented^ database'
b) Explain^ the^ differences^ between homogenous and^ heterogenmus^ disffibutd^ database'
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1
45 IRIBHUVAN^ UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control^ Division
2073 Bhadra
;;;il;;,;::1,-.;'fi:';Tl::il:::::T::J:tfr-':;,",0,; '/ Attempt All questions. ,/ (^) Thefigures in the margin indicate Futl (^) Mgfis. ,/ (^) Assume suitable data if necessary-
Why is data independence important^ in^ data^ modeling?^ Differentiate^ between^ schema and instances t4]
Differentiate total^ and partial^ participation^ with^ suitable example^ and^ draw an^ ER
diagram for the airport^ database.^ Be^ sure^ to indicate^ the various attributes^ of^ each^ entity.
Every airplane has^ a registration^ number^ and^ each airplane^ is^ of^ a^ specific model.^ The
airport accommodates a^ number^ of^ airplane^ models and^ each^ model^ is^ identifred^ by^ a
model number (eg^ DC- i 0)^ and^ has^ a^ capacity^ and^ a^ weight.^ A^ number^ of^ technician
works at the airport. You need to store the^ name, SSN,^ address, phone^ number and^ salary of each technician. Each technician is^ an^ expert on^ one^ or^ more^ plane^ model(s)^ and^ his^ or her expertise rnay overlap with^ that^ of^ other^ technicians.^ This^ information^ about
technicians must also^ be^ recorded.^ Traffic^ controllers must^ have^ an^ annual^ medical
examination. For each traffic^ controller you must^ store the^ data^ of^ the^ most recent^ exzlm.^ [4+8]
Consider the following relational^ schema
Ernptoyoe @namq, street,^ city) Works (Ename, company-.r1ame, salary)
Company r,,SqpgH-ruig^ ciqv)
Manages (lina'ine, manager-_nanre)
. a) Write the queries in Relational Algetrra. (^) [2x3]
i. Find all the empioyecs^ name^ who^ rvork in^ 'NMB^ bank', i.i, Find^ all^ the^ ernployee^ names^ who live in^ the^ same^ city^ as^ their company^ is located. iii. Find the name and city of those^ emplo,u*ees^ whose^ salary is greater^ than^30000 and
lives in 'k{ur'^ citli,':,
Q) Write^ SQL queries^ tbr^ the^ follorving.^ l2x3l j-' (^) C-reate Eruployee aqd Works relation rvith primary key and foreigr key constraints.
,ii. Find^ the^ err,rp[oyoe-;;^ fl?me^ theirtrciinpany narne and^ city^ natne^ rvhich^ ends^ lvitb^ 'pur'
,^ iii,^ Ircrease the salary^ of^ each^ em;:loyees by' 25Y, whase^ salary^ is less than 30000.
- a) What do you^ mean^ by^ functional^ dependencies?^ Define formally.^ What is^ BCNF? b) What is normalizatiorf? Explain INF, 2NF, 3NF and 4NF,
[3+3]
12+4J
'i (^) Explain the basic^ steps^ in^ query^ processing.^ Make^ distinctions^
between cost^ based
opiimization and^ heuristic optimization'
a) what^ is the^ use^ of RAID^ storage device?^ I{ow^
is a record searched^ from a^ sparse
sequential index?
b) Explain about^ the remote backup^ system^ with^ diagriln'
a) what^ are^ schedules?^ Describe^ the^ concept^ of view serializability for^ concurrent
executi on of^ tran^ s^ action'
b) How^ deadlocks arise^ while^ processing^ transactions?^
Expiain the deadlock prevention strategies.
write the^ different types^ of^ failures^ that^ may occurs^
in system. Differe'tiate^ between
shadow paging and^ log-based recovery'
Write short notes^ on^ the^ following:
i) Distributed^ database^ sYstem ii) Spatial database^ sYstem 14+ 12+
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[3x2]
45 TRIBHUVANI.JNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2071 Bhadra
r ! .,i^ i i .i !i I !
Exam. llcgular / Bitcl.
LeVel BE^ Futl Marks 80 Programme BCT Pass Marks 32 Year / Part M/II^ Time^ 3 hrs.
Suhject: -^ Database^ Management System Gf652)
r' (^) Candidates are required to give (^) their answers in their own words as far as practicable. r' (^) Attempt All questions. '/ Thefigures^ in^ the^ margin^ indicate^ Full^ Marks. / (^) Assume suitable data if necessary.
f. Wh'at difficulties would you face if pu^ used fite system directly to implement a database
application?Whatisphysicaldataindependence?,
- Draw a complete ER-diagram for (^) the following case.
"A Bus Compony owns a number of busses. Each bus is allocoted to o pafticular^ route, olthough some
routes may hove seveirl busses. Each rodte posses threigh a nunber o! towns. One or more drivers -
are olloisted to.eoch stoge of o route, which corresponds to a journey^ through some ar olt of the
towns.on o route. Some of the towns have o goroge^ where busses are kept ond eoch of the btxis
ore identilied^ by the registrotion number and con carry dilferent numbers of passqngers,^ since the
vehiCles vory (^) ln size ond mn he single or doubl*decked. Each route is identified by a route number '
ond.informotion is ovaitahle on the qveroge number of passengers carried per doy for eoch riite.
Driverc hove.on^ empluyee.number, nome, address, ond sometimes o tetephane number." (^) :
What is the difference between the degree and cardinality of a relationship? [8+4]
- Consider the following relational database model
Em ployee (g!!, (^) no me, oddress, (^) s u pervisor_eid)
D e po rtme nt(d g!!9[^ na m e )
P roje cttpN^ titI e, d ept_i d)
Write relational algebra expressions for the following: [2X4=8]
a) List (^) the pme^ of (^) all employees from Computer department along (^) With the name oJ their supervisor. b) Find the name of alt employees who work on the 'Network monitoring" project for more than 15 hours. cl (^) Delete all projects which (^) belong to the'Electrical' department. d) Find the totai number of projects from each (^) departrnent, along with the department narne. ! I I I .i
- Consider the relational schema given below.
Product ( p!!, (^) ndme, price, (^) category; qnaker-cid) Purchase (buyer-ssn,^ seller-ssn, quontfu, pid) Compony (g!d,^ nome, stock price,^ eountryl Percon(g;p, nome, phond aamber, cigy).
[2X4=8f
*-<_
i I a! Write an SQL query to find the name and price of atl products of 'camera' category made in "laPan".
b) Write an SQL query^ to create a view to expose only the Buyer name, Selter name and
product (^) name from all transactions. c) Write a query ln SQL to increase the price of all products^ from DELL company by 5 %. d) Wrlte skeleton tables ln (^) QBE to flnd the name and phone number of alt persons who
purchased pl:d:.* of Laptop category with price greater than 8O000.
'-.
5. a) Explain what is referential integrity constraint along with an example? Briefly explain
cascading actlons in^ referential^ integrityconstraints.^ t3+
b) Briefly explain how to normalize (^) a database from:un-normalized form to lNF, 2NF, 3NF and (^) !$ t5l
- Explain the difference between cost-based and heuristics-based methods for query optimization. How can you^ optimize the following query?^ [3+5]
f\or,62(o6rpt-nome=lvrusic (^) linstrugtgrX n-r, (^) ig,ti*(teoch.es X^ cou5s:llll
1
- a) What is the difference between ordered indices and hash indices in a database? What is the adrrantage of using a sparse index? (^) 12+
b) What is a RAID? How would you^ choose the best RAID level for your^ database server? [1+3]
- Explain.Atomicity and lsolation properties^ of a databasetransaction. Describe the concept of. conflict (^) serializabillty for concurrent erecution gf^ transactions. (^) [4+4]
- Briefly explain the idea of a stable storage. Explain the arthitecture of a remote backup system. [3+ 10, Write short not'es^ on^ the^ following aI Typesofdistributeddatabases I3l b): oata warehousing I3I
+*t
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- (^) a) Explain (^) lhe necessary condition for decomposing a relational database table into^ two tables. Why
- txplain the process how a query^ is evaluated in *DBMS systems. How are cquivalence rules for relation algebra helpful for query optimization? [xplain with example
?. al Distinguish between dense index^ and sparse index? What is^ a secondary index? b) Briefly explain how variable length^ records are stored^ in^ databases?
- What do you understand by the ACID properties of transactions? Explain with examples.
- Explain the functions^ of Undo and Redo^ opbrations in a log-based recovery of^ database.
- a) Briefly explain horizontal and vertical fragmentation in distributed databases.' b| Write a short note on Data warehouse and associated applicationsi ,; . **+
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45 TRIBIIWAN^ I.JNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control^ Division
2070 Bhadra
Exam. Level Programme
Full 80 32 Year / Part 3 hrs.
Pass Marks Time
BCT
III / II
Sabject: - Database Management System (cT6s2)
/ (^) Candidates are required (^) to give their answers in their own vvords as (^) far as practicable. / (^) Aaempt All queslions. '/ The^ figures in^ the^ margin^ indtcate^ Full^ Morks. / (^) Assume suitable data if necessary.
1. Briefly explain different levels of data^ abstraction in a database^ system.
- Draw an ER-diagram for the:following mini-case. What is the difference between strong and weak entity^ sets?
Eac,h employee in an^ engineering company has at most one recognized skill, but a given
skill may be possessed^ by^ several employees.^ An employee is^ abie^ to operate given
machine-type (e.g., lathe, grinder) if he has one of several skills. but each skill is
associated with the operation of only one machine type. Possession of a given^ skill (e.g.,
mechanic, electrician) allou,s zrn employee to maintain several machine-types, although
maintenance of any given^ machine-type requires a specific skill (e.g.,^ a lathe must be
maintained by a mechanic).
- Consider the following relational database model:
employee (emnloyee-name, street, city)
*,orks (grnplogg:nAme, company-name, salary)
company @prn€any-name, city)
m anages (employee-name, manager-name) a) Write SQL queries^ for^ the^ following^ needs. i) Modiff the^ database so^ lhat^ Jones^ now lives^ in city Pokhara. ii) Give all employees of 'NABIL Bank' a 10 percent raise.
iii) Give all managers of 'NABIL^ Bank' a 30 percent^ raise unless the salary becomes
greater (^) than 100,000.
iv) Delete employee who has maximum amount of salary.
b) Ihe relation works^ has^ attribute^ company-name, company-name^ is^ primary key in relation company. How the relation betra'een these two relations is preserved? Explain
with solution with SQL query^ to^ achieve this relationship.
- a) What is a lossless-join decomposition? \Vhat is a functional <lependency? Explain. b) What is the advantage of 3NF o'ter BCNF?
- What do you^ mean by term functional dependency? Discuss various types of functional dependencies.
- I{ow can pipelining approach improve query-evaluation efficiency?
- a) What is the use of RAID storage device? What are the advzurtages and disadvantages
of miroring?
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44 TRIBHUVANTJNIVERSITY
- INSTITUTE OF PNCTNPPNruC Examination Control Division. 2069.Bhadra
Exam. llcgular (2066 & Laler Bltch)
Level BE^ f,'ull^ l[arks^80
Programme BCT^ Pass lVlarks^32
Year/Part m/tr Time 3 hrs.
'2.
Subiect: - Database Manasement System GT6S2)
{ (^) Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable... { (^) AttemptAll questions. r' (^) fn"iSr6 i" the margin indicate Full Marlcs. { (^) Asstrme suitable data ifnecessry.
Briefly highlight your significant differetces between a file-processing system and^ a
DBMS.
Draw an ER-diagram for^ the following^ mini-case. What^ is^ the^ difference^ between
cardinality and degree of a relationship?
A university registrar's maintains data about the following entities: (a) Courses, including
number, title, credits, syllabus^ and^ prerequisites;^ (b)^ Course^ offerings,^ including^ course
number, year, semester, section number, instructor(s), timings and classroom;^ (c)
Students, including^ student-id,^ name,^ and^ program;^ and^ (d)^ instructors, including
identification number, name, dOpartment, and^ title.^ Further, the^ enrollment^ of^ students^ in
courses.and grades awarded^ to^ students^ in^ each^ oourse^ they^ are^ enrolled^ for^ must^ be
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- (^) a. (^) Mtntion the two couditions to be satisffed by any t$ro sets for union, intersection ' (^) and set difference operation between them.
b. employee(gp,narng, srect, city)
company(gqrnpg454grng city) manqgss(mpr-talne- (^) managemame) Forthe case ofabove database schema: L Write an (^) expression in SQL to cr€ate the table employee.
II. Wfite an expression in SQL to inset a rowinto the table works.
III- Writc an expression in SQL to find the name and cities of resident of all the
. erylhlnes.u{o^ dooot^ work.for^ X:Y.?h;tt*,^
. i'^ I^ ',ff."ffi,ftte^ an^ er(pidsrioh Rsladional^ Algebra^ to^ find^ the^ coupmy nanre,fflifiiiis^ the
higffi uunber of employees
c. Strppose you^ are ass.igned as the Database Adminiseator of a Bank. How can'you
enhance (^) the security by implementrng (^) concept ofviews on the database?
- What^ do you^ mean^ by^ integrity^ constrains?^ Explain^ any^ four^ constraints^ that^ can^ be enforced to database tables. 5- What^ are^ the^ advantages^ of^ normalizatiqn^ of^ database?^ Explain^ lNF,^ 2NF^ and^ 3NF.
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r When^ database de-normalization^ is^ preferred?^ l2+3+l] 6, Explainttre^ process^ of^ query^ optimization.^ What^ is.cost-based^ optimization?^
' (^) '[6+2]
!= What do you^ mean by ordered inde;r and hash index? Explain limitation of static hashing. How extendable hashing overcom-e such limitation? (^) L2+2+
:Tl|w.qr
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' ,, g,^ a)^ Explain^ conflict^ serializability^ with^ example.
' U)^ Differentiate^ between^ fine^ granularity and^ coarse^ granularity^ locking^ in^ multiple ,,1 (^) , granularitylockingprotocol. , "i,, 9 Explain redo phase and^ undo^ phase^ of^ log^ based^ failure^ recovery mechanism. ,1.i. 10.^ a)^ What is object-oriented^ databases?^ Explain^ briefly. ..;. b)^ Explain^ the^ benefit^ of parallel^ database?
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