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24 TRIBHUVA].{ UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF^ ENGINEERING
Examination Control^ Division
2075 Bhadra
{iiiiia' :n*u"aqeg^ .Y$ss- $!^ (^5) )
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in their^ own^ words^ as^ far^ as^ practicable' { ,/ ,/
Full Marks'
- What^ is^ an^ embedded examPle. In^ RTOS' synchronization'
systems with^ suitable
system? (^) and wake for task
Differentiate it^ with^ non^ embedded
describe mutual^ exclusion^ through^ sleep
parameter You consider^ for
What is^ OPtimlzation?^ What^ are the
purpose processors' Define dataPath^ and controller^ of^ a types.
[1+3+4]
of single 14+ with its 14+ to store the
[3+s]
general purpose processor'^ Explain^ ASIP
Define write ability^ and^ storage pefinanence^
of memory. Design^ a^ ROM
following information^ :
- a) what^ is^ intemrpt? Exprain^ summary^
of flow of^ actions^ of^ interrupt driven^ vo^ using
t4l
fixed ISR^ location'^ .,
^Loi,r orhifration,^ t4]
b) What^ is arbitration?^ With^ neat^ diagram explain
Daisy-chain^ arbitation'^ t'rl
- Explain the conditions^ .{avoriry
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Pre-emplive r"n^ at'ri"e^ ali'ltrli?ifri-l'ri^ "rz -t'
12+
- Differentiate between closed^ -^
loop and open;^ l19f- control^ systems'^
Draw a^ typical
block cliagrarn^ or"pp^ ""'T#oi""JJ-?iai"'"'ih
rfo to-iog'^ [3+5]
- Draw^ a^ top^ down^ view. and schernatic^
for the^ followilg^ function: F = xz +
yz'' Describe
with suirable diagram^ aooutpositive^
photoresist used^ irriiiioiioograpry.^
[5+3]
g. (^) what is seven segmenr^ clisplay and^ wiltg^ its types. Design^ a^ circuit^ with 7^ segments
display which^ is^ "0^ ^ u'"ltuiLi"t"tt'i"r'^
aiipruy secoind and^ minute^ 12+6)
- Exolain difrerent models^ is^ VHDL'^ Write a^ VHDL^ code^ for^ a^ firll^ adder^ using two^ half
adders anat^ one^ On^ gate^ in'structura^ rnoael^
[3+5]
Pass Marks
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1 I^0 1 0
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TzuBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF^ ENGINEERING
Examination Control^ Division 2075 Baisakh^ Year^ lPart
Subject: - Embedded System^ Gr6ss)
{ (^) Candidates are required to give^ their^ answers^ in their own words^ as^ far^ as^ practicable. '/ Attempt^ AII^ questions. '/ The^ /igares in^ the^ margin indicate^ Full^ Matks' { (^) Assume suitable data if necessary.
l. What is a design metric^ and explain the^ purposes^ of^ embedded system.^ Define^ task scheduling, list^ out^ its^ types^ and^ explain the factors affecting^ on^ selection^ of^ scheduling algorithm. t4+ Z. Design a single-purpose processor^ that^ outputs^ Fibonacci^ numbers^ up^ to^ 'n'^ places. Stan with a function^ Cornputing^ the desired result, translate^ it^ into^ a state^ diagram,^ ffid^ sketch^ a probable datapath. t8l
- Define pipelining and show^6 stage^ pipeline^ concepts.^ Explain^ DSP^ with^ characteristics and advantages. 14+
- Explain the operation^ of^ storing^ data^ in^ One^ Time^ Programmable^ ROM.^ Why^ it^ can't^ be
reprogranrmed? compose^ lK^ x^8 ROMs into^ a^ 4K^ x^8 ROM.
- What is arbitration? Explain^ priority^ arbitration^ with^ the help^ of^ a block
steps along with^ its^ tYPes.
l2+2+ diagram and [2+
-//
- Define threads and^ differentiate^ between user^ level^ thread and^ kemel level^ thread.^ Tbree processes with IDs Pl, P2, P3^ with^ estimated^ completion^ time^ 6,^ 8,^2 milliseconds respectively enteN the^ ready^ queue^ together^ in^ the order^ Pl,^ P2, P3.^ Process^ P4^ with^ the
esti-mated execution time^4 milliseconds^ enters^ the^ ready^ queue^ after 1^ millisecond.
Calculate the waiting^ time^ and^ Turn Around^ Time^ (IAT)^ for^ each process^ and^ the average waiting time^ and^ TAT^ in the non-preemptive^ shortesbjob-fust^ scheduling.^ [3+5]
- Draw the^ block^ diagram^ of^ closed-loop^ control^ system^ for^ speed^ control^ of^ an^ automobile and explain the^ conditions for^ no^ wrbound^ and^ no^ oscillation^ showing^ all^ the^ design^ steps,^ [8]
- Show various^ steps^ of^ photolithography^ process^ using^ appropriate diagrams.^ Describe briefly about Full custom VLSI^ technology. 14+
- Explain the addressing modes used^ in^ 8051 microcontroller^ with^ example.^ Write^ an assembly language^ programming^ to blink^ the^8 Led^ connected^ at^ Port^ 2 of^ the^8051 microcontrgller. (^) [4+4]
- Explain COMPONENT with its^ declaration.^ Write^ a^ VHDL^ code^ for^ a^ JK^ flip'flop^ using PR..ESS' (^) [3+5]
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32 TRIBHI.IVAhI UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control^ Division
2073 Magh
Level i BE
Programme i BEX, BCT
Subjecf; - Embedded System (^) Gr6sS)
{ (^) Candidates af,e required to give (^) their answers in their own words as far (^) as practicable. { (^) Attempt All questions. { (^) The (^) figures in the margin indicate Ful! MarJes. { (^) Assume suitable data if necessary.
- Define embedded system. What are the typical characteristics of embedded system?
- (^) Design a single-pu{pose processor^ that calculates Factorial of an integer number^ 'n'. Start with a function computing the desired result, translate it^ into a state diagram^ and sketch^ a probable datapath.
- Explain the design flow of embedded software development.^ Explain^ in^ brief^ about
progpmmer's view for^ general^ purpose^ processor.
- What are the basic techniques for cache^ mapping?^ How direct mappings differ from^ fully associative mapping?
- Design an interface^ circuit^ of^ a microprocessor^ with^ 16-bit^ address^ with^2 RAMs^ and 2
ROMs of 8 Kbyte each.
- a) How RTOS^ is^ different^ from^ GPOS?^ Differentiate^ between^ process and thread. b) Consider three processes^ with^ process^ IDs^ Pl^ ,P2, P3^ with^ estimated^ completion time
9,6,3 ms respectively,^ enters^ the ready^ queue^ together^ in^ order^ Pl,P2,^ P3. Calculate
Waiting Time^ and^ Turn^ Around Time for^ each^ process and^ average^ waiting time^ and
average turn around time in RR (Round-Robin)^ algorithm with time slice 2 ms.
Assume there is^ no^ I/O waiting^ for^ the^ process.^.
- Design an open loop automobile cruise controller and derive the conditions for no oscillation and reduction of^ road disturbance^ and determine^ the performance^ parameters.
- Explain the importance of photolithography^ in IC manufacturing. Explain the two broad . categories^ of^ Semi-Custorn^ IC^ technology.
- Describe the different purpose of port 3 and port 2 of 8051 microcontroller. (^) Write an
assembly language programming for 8051 microcontroller to read the data from switches
connected at port^ I and send it to port 2 for display in LED.
- (^) Explain PR6CESS in VHDL. Write a VHDL code for a full (^) adder using 2halfadder as component.
lt +
try^-
14+
t8l
t8l
[4+4]
t4l
[8]l*'
[s+3]
14+
[3+s]
32 TRIBHUVAN UNTVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2072 Ashwin
Exam. Ite gtt lrr r' Ievel BE^ f,'ull^ Merl6^80
Programme BEX, BCT^ Pass^ Markf^32
Year / Part m/II Time 3 hrs.
Subject: - Embedded System (^) Gr6ss) r' (^) Candidates are requifed to give (^) their answers in their own words as far as practicable. { (^) Attempt All questigns. r' (^) The/igures in (^) the margin (^) tndicate Full Morles. / (^) Assume suitable data if necessary.
l. a) What are the common characteristics (^) of embedded systems? How does a digital camera satisfu those characteristics? b) Briefly describe the kernel operating system services.
- Design a single-purpose processor (^) that outputs Fibonacci numbers up to (^) 'n' places. Start with a function computing the desired result, translate it into (^) a state diagram and sketch a probable (^) datapath.
- Briefly explain the criterion for (^) selecting processor? (^) Explain the data path (^) operation and its insnuction cycles.
- What do you^ mean by write ability and storage permanence^ of memory? Explain associative cache mapping.
- What is the difference between memory-mapped I/O and (^) standard I/O. Explain the
operation of peripheral to memory transfer without DMA, using vectored intemrpt.
- Differentiate between multiprocessing and multi tasking in RTOS. Three processes^ with process IDs, Pl, P2,P3 with estimated completion time (^) 6,4,2 ms respectively, enters the ready queue^ together in order Pl,P2, P3. Calculate waiting time and TAT(Turn Around Time) for each process^ and average waiting time and TAT. Assume there is no I/O
waiting for the processes and RR (Round-Robin) algorithm with^ time slice = 2 ms.
- Differentiate between closed loop^ and^ open^ loop control^ system.^ With^ neat diagram^ write
the steps for designing Closed loop control system.
- Discuss the advantages^ and^ disadvantages^ of^ Fult-Custom^ IC^ technology.^ Explain^ the basic steps of photo lithography process.
- Draw the pin diagram of 8051 microcontoller and explain ports I and 2 only. Write a program using C-programming language to find the sum between two 8-bit BCD data stored in RAM locations 50H and 5lH and store the BCD sum at RAM locations 52H and 53H.
10. Write an algorithm and VHDL code for a custom^ processor^ that^ calculates^ Least
Common Multiple (LCM)^ of tw-o nb.t*
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t4I
L4+
[3+s]
t8I
[3+5]
[2+
[3+5]
[3+s]
[3+s]
[3+sl
42 TRIBHUVANI-INIVERSIry
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2070 Magh
Exam. (^) \crr ll:tcli (2(166 (^) .t l-utcr llrrlch) Level BE^ Full^ Marls^ iril
Programme BEX, BCT Pass Marks 32
Year / Part m/II Time 3 hrs. Subiect: - Embedded System (CT65s) / (^) Candidates are required to give their (^) answers in their own words as far as practicable. { (^) Attempt All questions. { (^) TheJigures in the margin indicate Full Marks. { (^) Assume suttable data if necessary.
- What is an Embedded systern? Describe its various applications.
- Design (^) a dual-purpose processor (^) that calculates the median and variance of 5 numbers
entered by the user, by showing (^) the algorithm, FSMD, (^) FSM, data-path and controller design.
- Differentiate between application specific instruction set-processor and general^ pu{pose
processor. Also discuss on issues related to selection of a particular processor.
- Design a ROM that will store the following words in the corresponding addresses.
- Compose 2k*lxm memory using 2kxm memories.
- Describe the purpose^ of the^ direct-memory-access^ (DMA)^ controller. Draw the^ flow^ of
actions between peripheral^ and^ memory using^ DMA.
- Describe the advanced communication principles^ used in embedded systems.
- Distinguish between process^ and thread.^ Write different^ states^ of^ task^ with^ appropriate
example.
- What are the advantages of multithreading program?^ Write a simple^ multithreading
program in C.
- Write the pseudo-code^ for a PID controller. What^ is the purpose^ of PID^ tuning,^ and^ what are the benefits of^ computer based^ control^ implementations?
- Explain the IC manufacturing steps with a neat block diagram.
- List the three major IC^ technologies^ with^ brief definitions.
- Write^8051 program^ and^ draw^ circuit^ diagram^ to^ display number^ from^99 to^00 in^ seven
. segment display. The program should write in both assembly^ and C.
- How does a FPGA^ differ^ from^ a^ microcontroller?^ Design^ a^ sequence^ detector^ for^ the
shing (^) "l101", that outputs a one when the input matches this string, show the FSM^ and
its VHDL implementation.
ll+
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ta- t2+
t4l
14+
IsI
t3I
t6l
t6l t8l
x Y z Fr Fz 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 I I 0
0 1 0 0 I
0 I I 0 I
I 0 0 0 0
I 0 I I I I I 0 0 I I 1 I t 0
ll+7I
37I. TRIBHUVAN Li{IVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERTNG
Examination Control Division " (^2070) Chaitra
tI^ Subject:^ - Embedded^ System^ Design Using^ ARM^ Technology^ (Elecrive^ I)^ (CT725)
,/ (^) Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. ,/ (^) Attempt All questions- '/ Thefigures^ in^ the^ margtn indtcate^ Full^ Marks. / (^) Assume suitable data if necessary. iI ),/Explain Embedded System Hardware. Briefly describe the rote (^) of Interrupt (^) Controller and Memory / (^) Controller.
- (^) Z) Explain ARM exceptions and modes (^) for ARMvT-A and ARMvT-M Architectures. 3l t4)rdpcribeSPl peripheral^ for bus interfacing.
*lby'Explainthe data transfer instruction^ execution^ with^ three-stage^ pipetine organization data^ flow block diagram. a) ETplain leaf procedures, Nested procedures (^) and Recursion and translate the fotlowing (^) C code into u/Assembly code. while (iave[il^ == 11 i +=1;
5l ;Nvelopthe bootloader in ARM Assembly that loads program from Flash ROM to SRAM with
v (^) startaddress and'etdaddress inFlash ROM wtth (^) startin6 aqd@ion (^) iffil reli,nqulrh the control to program. g) /
(algx#in branch instrr.rctiom and Wrtte ARM lnstsuction rnnemonic for data processing instructbns,
VJta transfur instructbrs (^) and branctr (^) instructions.
(bl Dry the binary ermding format figure for ARM Data transfer lnstruction for single r,nord and
;tfisiened byte.^ Translate^ the^ folbwing^ ARM data^ transfer instruction^ instructions^ into^ machine
- instruction^ code in 32-bit fornrat. LDRB r5, [r1, #4] tDR 13, (^) [r7], #
STRB O [r3, r8l
//
STR r1-,lr1, r4 LSL ff4l
6at Wrentiate between^ 1&bitThumb^ lnstruction^ Set^ and^ 32-bitThumb lnstruction^ Set^ and^ explain lQ/tnunb Software^ lnlerrupt^ instruction.
gl (^) lal (^) ilplain the objective of ARM reference peripheralspecffication and (^) describe the base components gt6ribeAMBAen-qgIEta-i-q.pglsiglgtsusedbybusmasters.
- (^) i"l,/euaoptt. initirlir.til;;;., ,n.,rd.. *. u.aq t"ile and initialization (^) of stack pointer^ for / (^) lRQ,and FlQrnode. ,/ (f}!6scribe (^) the steps to build Embedded Linux System
$Jdainbriefly MPEG1 standard^ and describe^ the operation^ for^ MPEG-1 in^ terms^ of^ block^ diagram.
- Write the^ steps^ to^ denelop^ the^ MP3 player^ to^ play music using ARM^ Cortex-M4^ Microcontroller?
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Exam. Level
Programme^ BEX, BCT
BE Full Marks Pass Marks IV/I Time
80
)z
Year lPart^3 hrs
.;
32G TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2064 Poush
Exam. Resular/Back Level BE^ Full Marks^80
Programme BEX^ Pass^ Marks^ 32,
Year / Part IV/II Tinte 3 hrs.
Subject: - Embedded (Elective)
/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
/ Attempt Allquestions.
I
',/ 4!!questions carry equal marks.
/ Assume suitable data if necessary
,l,'Define ./ and^ describe embedded^ system^ with^ suitable example
2/ Jistity^ "Processor is the heart^ of^ any^ embedded^ system."^ Also^ rrrentioh the structural units
ofa processor. .j
3rWhatis Direct Memory^ Access^ (DMA)?^ Why^ such^ circuitry^ is^ needed?^ Explain^ with^ its
'-/ block diagram. '
;/What
is device driver? Explain its importance while connecting the peripherals^ in the system. 5./Describe the tenhs IRQ, ISR, IVT, PUSH, POP and Interrupt Latency used in Intemrpt
V based designs.
. (^) $.Biefly explain RTOS^ (Real^ Time^ Operating^ System)^ with^ its^ services
J/Whatis / a scheduler?^ Describe^ its role in^ managing task^ states^ in^ detail.
. v V ln^ an^ RTOS environment, different^ tasks^ may^ share^ same^ variables^ and^ functions. Explain
the problem(s) faced due to this type of sharing and also suggest the solutions.
,)r Explain^ Spiral^ Model^ of^ Embedded Software Development^ Life^ Cycle.
,1116iff.r.ntiate Microprocessor^ and^ Microcontroller highlighting its^ uses.^ z\lso explain^ the
Addressing Modes^ of^8051 microcontroller.
d'**
J
ri 'I
36H TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination .Control Division.
2069 Bhadra
Exdin. (^) Regular / Back e Level BE^ Full Marks^80
Programme BEX^ Pirss^ lt{arks^32
Year lPart Iv/II^ Time^3 hrs.
Subject: - Embedded^ System^ Design Using^ ARM^ Technology^ (EGTSSEY)
(Elective (^) II)
./ (^) Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. r' (^) Afiempt AA questions. / (^) The (^) figures in the rnargin indtcate Full Marks. / (^) Assume suitbble data if necessary.
Describe the design metrics and design methodologies for designing and developing low-end and high'end mobile handsets. (^) t5I
Differentiate between privileged mode vs. unprivileged mode.^ Explain^ Exception/lntenupts^ and Vector^ fabb.^ [5]
Describe^ pipellning and explain^ the^ ARM instruction execution^ for^ Data^ Transfer instructions^ with^ data^ flow block diagram (^) t10I
Write c program^ for recursive procedure^ that calculates factorial n (^) and write the ARM assembly code for the following^ C statement. t5l
g=h+A[8];
A[12]=h+A[8];
Assume A is an array of 100 words and that the compiler has associated the variables g^ and h^ with^ registers r and r2 and uses r5 as temporary'reglster. Lefs also assume that the starting address or base address of the array is in 13.
- Explain leaf and nested procedure.^ Tnnslate the following^ C program^ for^ leaf^ procedure^ that computes Y^ = (A+B)+ (C+D)+ (^) {A*D) into ARM Assembly Code. (^) t5I
lnt leaf-ad (int^ A, int B, lnt (^) C lnt D)
lnt Y; y (^) = (A+B)+ (C+D) + (Af (^) D) Return Y;
The parameter variables A, B, C, and D conespond to the argument registers O, r1, 12 and 13 and Y corresponds to r4. Use (^17) , 18, r9, and.rlO as temporary variables for stack use.
6) (a)^ Explain ARM registers usage in both privileged and unprivileged mode and write ARM exceptions and its
coresponding modes and functionalities. (^) t10I
(b) Write the single register store instructions for Half-word using diffurent addressing mode using the
following information for ARM instruction set. (^) t6]
i II I I I
