Day 9 Weather PDF, Schemes and Mind Maps of Aviation

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Weather Charts

Current Weather Products

• Observations

– Surface Analysis Charts

– Constant Pressure Charts

– Weather Depiction Charts

– Lifted Index Charts

– Radar Summary Charts

• Forecast Charts

– Short Range Surface Prognostic Chart

– Low level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart

Surface Analysis Chart

Cold

front –

Pips show

direction of

movement

Warm

front

stationary

front

Data

High - Number

adjacent is central

pressure

Low Sea Level

Pressure

–4mb interval

lines

• Line below # is

pressure trend

Temp

Dew Point

Wind

Sea Level pressure

(first 10 or 9 digits omitted)

or ceiling height

Sky cover – If station

symbol is square then

automated data was used

Tropical wave

4

Surface Analysis Chart

Surface Analysis Chart

Surface Analysis Chart

Constant Pressure Charts

Wind

Level

Issue

date/

time

X Marks

high/low

center

Contour line area of = height in

meters (850 MB omits 1 before and 700 omits 2 or

3 before – which ever makes the number closer to

3,000 meters) e.g. 309 = 3309 meters or 10,754’ – Look

at gradients - wind speed proportional to gradients

(close = high winds). Contours can be interpreted in

the same manner as isobars on the surface chart (e.g.

high altitude=high pressure area)

Some charts also show:

isotherms – areas of equal temperature – bold

dashed line

isotachs – constant wind speed areas – short fine

dashed line with __K (^10)

Historic (FAA) Constant Pressure Chart

Wind

Satellite

Balloon /

Ground

Airplane

Latitude

Temp /

Longitud

Temp

Temp

• DP

Height / pressure

Height

change /

aircraft

Data

Weather Depiction Chart

• Broad overview of flying conditions – IFR

(<3sm vis;1,000’), MVFR (3 to 5sm vis;1k

to 3k ceiling), VFR (>5sm vis; >3,

ceiling)

• Also shows fronts and troughs (except 10

and 23Z)

• Prepared 8 X per day

Weather Depiction Chart

Legen

Data

IFR

MVFR

Sky

Precipitatio

n / Vis

AGL

cloud

Weather Depiction Chart

Radar Summary Chart

• Aids in preflight planning by identifying

general areas and movement of precipitation

and/or thunderstorms

• Issued hourly

• Shows:

– Radar echos

– Types of precipitation

– Movement of cells

– Tops of precipitation

– Severe Thunderstorm and Tornado Watch areas

– DOES NOT SHOW clouds or fog

Radar Summary Chart

• Individual cell movement is indicated by an arrow

with the speed in knots entered as a number at the

top of the arrow head.

• Highest echo height in the area is shown above a short

line, with the top height displayed.

• Severe weather watch areas are outlined by heavy

dashed lines, usually in the form of a large

rectangular box.

NWS Radar Summary Chart