Download Healthy Child Care: Key Concepts and Practices and more Exams Medicine in PDF only on Docsity!
What are the qualities of a Healthy Environment? - CORRECT ANSWER - Clean work and play area, proper hygiene practices, implementation and routine practice of a writen health policy.
Why establish and follow a written health policy? - CORRECT ANSWER - It is an effective way of maintaining a safe and healthy child care program.
How do you know if your program has a written policy? - CORRECT ANSWER -Ask your VPK program director and it usually posted in various areas like sink, kitchen, table
Why should policies be written? - CORRECT ANSWER -1. To ensure parents and child care professionals are aware of procedures 2 to make sure everyone follows same rules.
How is each sense used to observe a child (touch)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Check for too much warmth or coldness.
How is each sense used to observe a child (smell)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Check for a bad smell or a change of smell.
How is each sense used to observe a child (taste)? - CORRECT ANSWER - Ask child if they taste something funny
How is each sense used to observe a child (sound)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Check for breathing is it easy or ragged, etc.
How is each sense used to observe a child (sight)? - CORRECT ANSWER - First observation of seeing a child's appearance and check all areas from head to toe.
The three A's of a healthy child are - CORRECT ANSWER -Appetite, Appearance and Activity
Appetite signs of a healthy child are - CORRECT ANSWER -Can eat an appropriate amount of food at meal times. Will Consume a variety of foods. Is interested in eating? Appears content after meals/snacks.
Appearance signs of healthy child are - CORRECT ANSWER -Has clear, bright eyes, clear skin, age appriopiate muscles, gains steadily in height/body weight
Daily checks are a good way of: - CORRECT ANSWER -preventing, identifing and controlling illness in a child care environment.
Signs to observe in a daily health check in Behavior is: - CORRECT ANSWER -general mood (quiet, irritable, drousy, restless), unusual behavior, activity level, breathing difficulities, severe coughing, sneezing, hoarseness.
Signs to observe in a daily health chec in Face and Body: - CORRECT ANSWER -Skin color (flused, pale, dry, clammy, hot), unusual spots, raches, swelling or bruises, sores, discharge from nose, ears, eyes, red look to eyes, irritated sensitive to light.
Signs to observe in a daily health check in general: - CORRECT ANSWER -bowel movements (change in color, oder, frequency), pain (screaming, crying, head-rolling), skin marks (rashes, bruises, cuts)
Appetite - CORRECT ANSWER -desire to eat
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrom (AIDS) - CORRECT ANSWER -A virus infection that renders the body incapable of fighting off the most common diseases and is usually fatal. This is considered to be the end stage of a HIV diagnosis.
Clean - CORRECT ANSWER -To remove dirt, debris and germs by scrubbing and washing with soap (or detergent) and water. The process
does not necessary kill germs, but lowers the risk of spreading infection.
Communiable Disease - CORRECT ANSWER -Disease that can be spread from one person to another.
Dehydration - CORRECT ANSWER -Excessive water loss from the body or from an organ or bodily part.
Disease - CORRECT ANSWER -an illness
Disinfectant - CORRECT ANSWER -To kill germs on surfaces or objects by using chemicals to lower the risk of spreading infection
DTP - CORRECT ANSWER -A vaccine for three diseases: diphtheria, tetanus (lockjaw) and pertussis (whooping cough)
Evacuation Plan - CORRECT ANSWER -Procedures for getting children and staff out of the building; applied during the fire drills and any other emergency situation.
Health - CORRECT ANSWER -The total well being of the physical body (including the emotions, the mind and the spirit) and the absence of disease or other abnormal condition.
Impermeable surface - CORRECT ANSWER -A surface that is resistant to water, chemicals and other fluids. These surfaces are required in areas such as changing stations, playpens, cots and sleeping mats.
Isolation Area - CORRECT ANSWER -A designated area or a child who becomes ill at the facility.
MMR - CORRECT ANSWER -A vaccine for three diseases; mumps, measles and rubela (Geman measles)
Nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER -Specific substances contained in food, which are necessary for good health such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and fats.
Nutrition - CORRECT ANSWER -The foods that we eat and how our body uses them.
Nutrition Education - CORRECT ANSWER -Teaching nutrition to prepare children to make correct food choices.
Safety Hazards - CORRECT ANSWER -Things in the enviroment that can be identified as dangerous to one's health and welfare.
Sanitize - CORRECT ANSWER -The process of destroying or reducing organisms to a safe level. Includes properly cleaned equipment and surfaces, such as sinks and sleep mats.
Snacks - CORRECT ANSWER -Any food eaten between formal meals.
Substance Abuse - CORRECT ANSWER -On-going use of a substance which is formally considered harmful to the body and is often illegal (i.e. drugs, alcohol, tobacco)
Substance Exposed Infants/Children (birth to 12) - CORRECT ANSWER - Infants and children whose mothers have taken one or more illegal drugs while pregnant.
OPV - CORRECT ANSWER -A vaccine fo polio which is given orally
Vaccine - CORRECT ANSWER -A group of substances that produce immunity to disease in a person.
Heat Exhaustion - CORRECT ANSWER -The condition is caused by excessive sweating. The person's skin becomes pale and clammy, and the person feels sick, dizzy, and/or faint. Pulse rate and breathing become rapid, and a headache or muscle cramps may develop. Add 1 teaspoon of salt to quart of water. Take action! Parents should be notified.
Campylobacter - CORRECT ANSWER -Diarrhea, sometimes bloody, low grade fever abdominal cramping. Transmited by bowel movement from hands to objects to mouth or possible drinking water.
Chicken Pox - CORRECT ANSWER -Slight fever, fine blisters appear first on scalp then on face and body. Isolation for 5-6 days after first appearance of blisters. Give acetaminophen for discomfort.
Common Cold - CORRECT ANSWER -Runny nose, watery eyes, chilliness and malaise. Transmitted by contact wth infected people., cough suppressants or decongestants
Conjunctivitis - CORRECT ANSWER -Pink Eye, Red eyes, eye discharge, crusted lids. Cannot attend child care/school until released by private physician. Good hand washing for prevention. Treatment Antibotics.
Aspirin - CORRECT ANSWER -do not give to children.
Coxsackie virus (Hand, foot and mouth disease) - CORRECT ANSWER - Mild fever, sore throat, sore mouth may look like cankersores, can have rash on hands, feet and buttocks. Transmited by fecal-oral route or respiratory secretion. Last for 3-6 days. Most infectious for 7 days after developing symptoms. Good hand washing. This infection is killed by heat, ultraviolet light and bleach.
Diphtheria - CORRECT ANSWER -Sore throat and fever. Transmitted by contact with infected people. Last for 2-5 days. Isolated until 2 cultures from both nose and throat taken to show clear of bacilli. Refer to CDC. Vaccinations for diphtheria.
Epidemic Meningitis - CORRECT ANSWER -Sudden onset of headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, and frequently fine, spotted rash. Varies from 2 to 10 days. Cannot attend school/child care until released by physician. A physician may recommend certain antibiotics for exposed children and adults.
Fifth Disease - CORRECT ANSWER -May include fever, mild flu-like symptoms and a rash. Gives a slapped cheeck appearance. Rash spreads to arms and legs but disappears after a week. Transmitted by direct contact with respiratory secretions and droplets. Most contagious before symptons occur. Wash hands. Not necessary to exclude child from school.
Giardiasis - CORRECT ANSWER -People who feel sick may experience some or all of the following: diarrhea, gas, bloating, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, weight loss and weakness. Transmitted by fecal-oral route and pets (beavers, cats, dogs and cattle) can receive/transmit. Last one to two weeks. Wash hands. Usually treated by medication prescribed by doctor.
Pertussis (Whooping Cough) - CORRECT ANSWER -Tight dry cough that becomes more severe to croat, vomitting. Transmitted by infecte people. 7 to 10 days. Immunization and booster doses
Pinworms - CORRECT ANSWER -Are tiny white worms. Symptoms are irritation and itching of the anus. Spread by swallowing pinworm eggs from anus to mouth. Isolate as long as eggs are present. Hand washing after toileting/diaper. Consult physician.
Plague - CORRECT ANSWER -Painful enlarged lymph nodes in the axilla, groin or neck, fever rising to 106 F, introduce into the body by the bite of rat flea that has bitten an infected rat. Reportable disease to CDC. Treatment Antibiodics.
Polio - CORRECT ANSWER -Transmitted by infected people. 7 to 12 days Polio Vaccine. Isolation for 1 week.
Poliomyelitis - CORRECT ANSWER -Fever, headache, malaise, gastro disturbance, stiff neck. Often followed by paralysis. 7 to 12 days Cannot attend school until release from physician. Vaccination treatment
Rheumatic Fever - CORRECT ANSWER -Precipitated by a Strep infection. Unknown how it's spread by follows after Strep infection. Use antibiotics.
Ringworm - CORRECT ANSWER -Flat, spreading scaly ring-shaped spots. The magins are usually reddish and elevated. Found on head scalp. Fungi grow easily on moist areas. 2 to 10 days. Consult physician.
Rubella (German Measles) - CORRECT ANSWER -Fever and general body rash. Fist signs may be swollen glands at the back of the skull and behind ears, followed by a rash. The rash fades rapidly and is usually gone within 3 days. Transmitted by sneezing/coughing 14 to 23 days. Cannot attend school until 4 days after onset of rash. Vaccine available.
Rubeola Measles - CORRECT ANSWER -Fever tiredness, cough, runny nose and inflamed eyes. These symptoms worsen over 3 days Blotchy rash apears on fourth day. The cough tends to be worse at night. Transmitted by direct contact with nasal or throat secretions. 7 to 18 days. Cannot attend school until after teh 4 day rash appears. Vaccines available.
Scabies - CORRECT ANSWER -Severe itching, small raised reddened areas or blisters with connectiong grayish-white lines Most commonly found in folds of skin. Transmitted by touch from another body containing parasites. Exclude until no more open lesions can be observed. Applying mite killing lotions and washing them off.
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER -Nausea, light headedness, vomiting and tingling or numbness around mouth, followed by the paralysis of the extremities and possibly respiratory paralysis. Transmitted by easting clams, oysters or mussel that ingested
Recovery Position of Heat Stroke - CORRECT ANSWER -requires the person to be on back, stablized and airways open to prevent choking. www.redcross.org
Steps to recover from dehydration - CORRECT ANSWER -Give plenty of water every 30 o 60 minutes, do not give milk, do not give sports drink, monitor food and drink intake, record temperature and communicate with parents.
Call the parents, and if necessary suggest to the parents that the child needs ____________ attention. - CORRECT ANSWER -medical
Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER -Grow best in warm, moist places. Can cause athlete's fod and ringworm. EFfective medication available. Medications work best when conditions favorable to fungal growth are removed.
Virus - CORRECT ANSWER -Smaller than bacteria. Grow only in living cells. Can cause colds, chicken pox, measles, German Measles, mumps. Antibiotics have no effect. REst is the best action; body fights better when rested. Vaccines against common ones are available.
Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER -Small organisims seen with an ordinary microscope. CAn cause strep throat, impetigo, pink eye and som pneumonia. Antiboiotics help stop growth.
Parasites - CORRECT ANSWER -Organisms that live on or in animals and people. Common examples include pinwoms, roundworms, head lice. Effective medications are available for most.
List 4 ways diseases are transmitted. - CORRECT ANSWER -Respiratory - nose and throat discharges like colds, flu
Fecal/Oral - bowel movements by soiled hands or objects to mouth like salmonella, Hepatitis A
Direct contact - infected area or infested body area like impetigo, ringworm, lice, scabies.
Blood borne - through blood contac (HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B and C.
4 serious communicabl diseases - CORRECT ANSWER -Hib - meningtis, Pnenumonia
Hepatitis B-infection of liver, fatigue, dark urine transmitted by blood.
Hepatitis C-disease of liver no vaccines, spread from mother to child, transmitted by blood, symptoms fatigue, jaundice
HIV - Virus transmitted by blood exposure or breast milk or stuck by needle, weaken immune system.
Most common childhood illnesses are? - CORRECT ANSWER -Chicken pox, common cold, flu, diarrhea, conjunctivities, giardiasis, allergic reations, RSV - wheezing and cough, lice
Changing Diaper - CORRECT ANSWER -Get ready, avoid contact with soil cloth, clean diaper area front to back, remove soil diaper and clean any soied surface, put on clean diaper, clean baby's hands disposable wipe, clean and disinfect the diaper changing area, wash hands and record in child's journal.
What do you do? During small group time, you notice Charles is having difficulty breathing and is wheezing. - CORRECT ANSWER -Assume this could be life threatening. Call parents and 911.
What do you do? You notice Chelsea scratching the back of her head vigorously at dress-up center. - CORRECT ANSWER -Put on gloves and check head for lice, scabies or rash. If lice, send Chelsea home w/info. Santize dress-up clothe, carpets and stuff animals.
What do you do? At sensory table chanie sneezes into water. - CORRECT ANSWER -Ask Chaniec to blow nose and wash hands. Change water and sanitize and all children playing at the same sensory table to wash hands as well.
All meat, poultry, fish dairy products and procssed food must be inspected by - CORRECT ANSWER -the USDA
Prohibited foods are - CORRECT ANSWER -raw milk, home canned food, home-grown eggs, recalled foods products
Refrigerators must be maintained at - CORRECT ANSWER - Fahrenheit or below
Milk and food must not sit out for longe than - CORRECT ANSWER - minutes
Hot foods should be at - CORRECT ANSWER -135 degrees Fahrenheit or above
Open packages of perishable must be properly - CORRECT ANSWER - covered/sealed and discarded within 7 days
Any leftovers should be - CORRECT ANSWER -refrigerated within two hours.
Safety hazards is - CORRECT ANSWER -anything in the environment that can be dangerous to a child's health or welfare.
Process of cleaning disinfecting areas and items to good hygiene practice - CORRECT ANSWER -toys, bathroom, tables, door knobs, water fountains
Food Handling - CORRECT ANSWER -Wash hands thoroughly, wear proper head covering, disposable gloves, wash fruits and vegetables before serving or cooking
