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DCOM 142 LINUX FINAL STUDY ,LINUX ESS. CH 12,
LINUX FINAL, LINUX, 211 FINAL
True or false: The /etc/group file supports linking each user to a maximum of one group.
- Answers - false Which methods or commands provide access to superuser privileges for authorized users? (Select all that apply.) - Answers - The su command Logging into the root account The sudo command Which of the following files defines Linux groups? - Answers - /etc/group What types of information does the id command provide? (Select all that apply.) - Answers - Your UID number Your current group All your group memberships Your username True or false: The who command reveals the remote computer from which users have logged in, when they've logged in remotely. - Answers - true True or false: The lowest UID number used for user accounts on Linux systems is typically 500 or 1000 (depending upon the distribution). - Answers - true Distributions may not allow the root account to be directly logged into and instead demand the use of the _____ command to obtain superuser privileges and maintain a nonrepudiation environment. - Answers - sudo True or false: A user account's information is linked between the /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files via the account's UID. - Answers - false You can type the _____ command, with no arguments, to learn your current username and nothing more? - Answers - whoami Which of the following pieces of information on user accounts is not normally stored in the /etc/passwd file on modern Linux distributions? - Answers - the account's password Which of the following two office suites are most closely related to one another? - Answers - LibreOffice is derived from OpenOffice.org
The programming language that provides a direct one-to-one correspondence between human-understandable words and machine-understandable numbers is ________ language - Answers - assembly True or false: All Linux Web browsers are GUI programs - Answers - False True or false: KDE is built atop the Qt widget set. - Answers - True Which of the following are risks you take when you browse the Web as an ordinary user on a properly-configured Linux system? (Select all that apply.) - Answers - Most Web sites are unencrypted, so data transferred from the site and your computer, or vice- versa, can be intercepted Some Web sites deliver mini-programs that run on your computer, and if such a site delivers a malicious program, it could do just about anything, including steal your personal data files An attempt to acquire sensitive data directly from victims by posing as a trusted Web site or authority is known as ____. - Answers - phishing Which of the following programs are Linux file managers? (Select all that apply.) - Answers - Thunar, Nautilus, Konqueror hich of the following programming languages is most often implemented as a compiled language? - Answers - only C++ is commonly implemented as a compiled language A _______ is a GUI program in which text-mode programs (including shells) run. - Answers - terminal Postfix is a server that implements the ______ protocol. (Provide the protocol's acronym.) - Answers - SMTP You can type Xorg ________, as root, to have X create a default configuration file that you can then modify. - Answers --configure The /proc/______ pseudo-file holds data on your CPU, such as its model name and clock speed. - Answers - cpuinfo Where do most drivers exist on a Linux system? - Answers - the Linux kernel, Which of the following is an inappropriate choice for a filesystem to hold the majority of a Linux installation? - Answers - The Hierarchical File System (HFS) was used by Mac OS prior to Mac OS X. It doesn't support features required by Linux in its main filesystem
You want to create a link from your home directory on your hard disk to a directory on a CD-ROM drive. Which of the following types of links might you use? - Answers - Symbolic links can point across filesystems, so creating a symbolic link from one filesystem (in which your home directory resides) to another (on the CD-ROM) isn't a problem The term _________refers to the use of wildcards in filename specifications. - Answers
- globbing True or false: If you want to create a link to a directory, you must use a hard link. - Answers - False True or false: Typing ls . at a Bash prompt is guaranteed to show you all the files in the current directory. - Answers - False The character __ identifies a symbolic link in the 10-character symbolic permission string that's associated with a file. - Answers - l You want to copy the contents of the ~/important directory, including all its subdirectories, to /media/usb. What command can you type to accomplish this goal? - Answers - To copy an entire directory tree, you must use a recursive copy parameter, such as --recursive, - R, or - r. (An archive copy, as in --archive or - a, will also work.) You want to create a directory called ~/Documents/papers, but you're not sure that the ~/Documents directory exists. What command can you type to create the desired directory and its parent directory if it doesn't already exist? - Answers - The - p option to mkdir creates parent directories if they don't already exist The files afile.txt and AFile.TXT can both exist on a Linux filesystem because these filesystems are ____________. - Answers - case-sensitive You want to copy a set of files but be prompted before cp overwrites any existing files. You would use the ___ option to cp to accomplish this goal. - Answers ---interactive or - i Which option to zip can you use to encode symbolic links as such rather than including the linked-to file? - Answers - The - i option does as the question specifies True or false: The gzip program generally produces more compact compressed files than does the bzip2 program. - Answers - False true or false: You can use grep to search for strings in binary files. - Answers - True You can use the ____ command to count the characters, words, and lines in a text file. - Answers - wc
To append a program's standard error to an existing file without deleting its contents, you should use the ____ redirection operator. - Answers - 2>> Which options to find can you use to locate files owned by a particular user? (Select all that apply.) - Answers - The - uid option to find locates files owned by a user with the specified user ID (UID) number, and the - user option locates files based on the user's username True or false: Linux supports two types of text-mode output to the screen, which you can send to separate files or display devices. - Answers - True The _________ option to tar causes it to back up only the specified low-level filesystem; if another filesystem is mounted within the directory you say to back up, those files will be ignored. - Answers ---one-file-system You use the ___ character to separate two strings, either of which should match, in an extended regular expression. - Answers - | (pipe) True or false: A carat (^) represents the start of a line in regular expressions. - Answers
- True Which of the following programs produces a summary of the memory status of your computer, including the total memory available, the amount used, and the amount that's unused? - Answers - The free command produces the information specified Which of the following tools can you use to identify running processes? - Answers - The ps and top programs are text-mode commands to identify running programs True or false: Pressing the M key in top causes the display to change to sort processes by memory use. - Answers - True The first process to be run by the Linux kernel is normally called _______. - Answers - init True or false: The ps program enables you to view the process table. - Answers - True True or false: Both RPM and Debian packages can specify that they require other packages. The package system will then refuse to install the package unless these dependencies are met or you provide an override option. - Answers - True An Internet site that hosts software that you can install with yum, APT, or a similar tool is known as a __________. - Answers - repository Where does the kernel store its ring buffer logs? - Answers - The kernel ring buffer is held in memory
The string _______, located at the start of the file, identifies a script as a Bash script. - Answers - #!/bin/bash The Bash logical-and operator is ____. - Answers - && What Bash scripting keyword terminates a case statement? - Answers - esac When assigning a value to a variable in a Bash script, you separate the variable from its value with the ____ character. - Answers - = You're writing a script that will be called by other scripts. You want to signal abnormal termination of your script by passing a value of 8 to the external script under some circumstances. What command can you use in your own script to do this - Answers - exit - 8 The exit command terminates a script, and you can pass it a value that you want to set as your script's terminating value True or false: You can use common external commands, such as find and sed, in your Bash scripts. - Answers - True True or false: It's impossible to run a Bash script if it hasn't had an executable bit set on its file. - Answers - False True or False: Linux stores information on its groups in the /etc/groups file. - Answers - False True or False: whoami provides more information than id. - Answers - False A(n) _________ environment means that a person cannot deny actions, and the sudo command helps establish this environment. - Answers - nonrepudiation To learn who is currently logged into the computer and what programs they're currently running, you can type _____. - Answers - w True or False: As a general rule, you should employ extra care when running programs as root. - Answers - Answer: True The file that associates usernames with UID numbers in Linux is ___________. (Provide the complete path to the file.) - Answers - /etc/passwd UIDs below 500 or 1000 (depending on the distribution) are reserved for use by __________ accounts. - Answers - system You want to run the command cat /etc/shadow as root, but your logged in as an ordinary user. Which of the following commands will do the job, assuming that the
system is configured to give you root access via the appropriate command? - Answers
- The command sudo cat /etc/shadow will give the ordinary user access for the command to run as root. What is the purpose of the system account with a UID of 0? - Answers - The UID 0 is reserved for the root user. True or false: All user accounts are necessarily defined in /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow.
- Answers - False You can type _____ to learn your current username and nothing more? - Answers - whoami Which of the following pieces of information on user accounts is not normally stored in the /etc/passwd file on modern Linux distributions? - Answers - the encrypted password is stored in /etc/shadow When should you use the root account? - Answers - only when you need that power to perform administrative tasks, True or false: Users should be logged in when you change their UID numbers with usermod. - Answers - False users should be logged out before you attempt to change their UID numbers. The character that separates fields on each line of /etc/passwd is ___. - Answers - : You're logged in as root and you type passwd auser to change auser's password. What information will passwd ask you to enter? - Answers - The new password and then to retype the new password True or false: By default, useradd copies a set of user configuration files from /etc/skel when creating a new user account. - Answers - True You want to create a new system account for a server program you're installing. What option can you pass to useradd when creating the account to ensure that it's created as a system account? - Answers - The --system (or - r) option to useradd creates a system account, which has no home directory and uses a low user ID number. You want to delete the oldproj group, so you type ______ oldproj. - Answers - groupdel True or false: The /etc/group file supports linking each user to a maximum of one group.
- Answers - False What option can you pass to groupadd to have it create a group with a GID number of 1027? - Answers - You can use the --gid (or - g) option to groupadd to specify the GID number for a new group
You want to test connectivity to tranquility.luna.edu by sending 11 packets to see how many return. To do this, you can type __________ tranquility.luna.edu. - Answers - ping
- c 11 What term refers to the worldwide system of servers that translates between IP addresses and hostnames? - Answers - Domain Name System (DNS) Programs that can look up DNS information include host, nslookup, and _____. - Answers - dig What program can you use to manually bring up a network interface in Linux? - Answers - The ifconfig program What type of information can netstat provide? (Select all that apply.) - Answers - network interfaces routing table data list of open ports True or false: The host program has been deprecated. - Answers - False In what file are you likely to find the following lines? domain pangaea.edu nameserver 192.168.1. nameserver 10.78.102.1 - Answers - /etc/resolv.conf True or false: dhcpd is a common DHCP client for Linux. - Answers - False A computer's full hostname is franklin.example.org. The machine name portion of this hostname is _________. - Answers - franklin True or false: The - n option to traceroute causes it to display hostnames rather than IP addresses. - Answers - False Postfix is a server that implements the ______ protocol. (Provide the protocol's acronym.) - Answers - SMTP True or false: xinetd is a super server. - Answers - True The programming language that provides a direct one-to-one correspondence between human-understandable symbols and machine-understandable numbers is ________ language. - Answers - assembly
An attempt to acquire sensitive data directly from victims by posing as a trusted web site or authority is known as _______. - Answers - phishing A _______ is a GUI program in which text-mode programs can be run. - Answers - terminal True or false: All Linux web browsers are GUI programs. - Answers - false Which of the following programming languages is most often implemented as a compiled language? - Answers - C++ True or false: You can modify graphics files from the command line using Linux. - Answers - True Which of the following programs are Linux file managers? (Select all that apply.) - Answers - Thunar Dolphin Thunderbird Nautilus Which of the following are risks you take when you browse the Web as an ordinary user on a properly configured Linux system? (Select all that apply.) - Answers - A web site with malicious dynamic content could steal your personal data files. Data transferred to or from a web site can be intercepted, possibly exposing sensitive data to theft. A ______ or workstation computer is typically used by one or a small number of people to perform everyday productivity tasks, such as computing values with a spreadsheet or browsing the Web. - Answers - desktop Where did the Linux kernel originate? - Answers - University of Helsinki Which of the following are examples of embedded computing devices? (Select all that apply.) - Answers - Automobiles, televisions, dvrs The terminal emulator program that would eventually become the Linux kernel was created in - Answers - 1991 True or false: Open source software is by definition available free of charge. - Answers
- false True or false: A laptop computer running Linux and a server computer running Linux are likely to share some common programs. - Answers - true
True or false: The Creative Commons is a software industry group opposed to the goals of the FSF. - Answers - False Core Unix tools include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) - Answers - GNU tool set X windows System Which Linux distribution are you most likely to find in use on a cell phone? - Answers - Android True or false: It's possible for an end user to make good use of Linux without directly interacting with a text-mode shell. - Answers - True True or false: The Linux kernel was developed as part of the GNU's Not Unix (GNU) project. - Answers - False True or false: The ls command displays the names of files in a directory. - Answers - True (two words) software, such as Linux, gives the user greater control than proprietary software, such as Windows, does. - Answers - Open Source True or false: Because of Cocoa, GUI applications developed for OS X typically cannot be run directly on Linux. - Answers - True Which of the following distributions use RPMs for package management? (Select all that apply.) - Answers - OpenSUSE CentOS Specialized computing devices, such as DVRs, cell phones, and network appliances, use _________ OSs - Answers - embedded Ubuntu releases a new version of its OS every _____ months. - Answers - 6 Slackware is unusual because it uses ________ as its package file format. - Answers - tarballs Which of the following is not a function of the Linux kernel? - Answers - Displaying common GUI elements such as dialog boxes Which of the following is a common server program? - Answers - Samba Which options to find can you use to locate files owned by a particular user - Answers -
- user, - uid A caret (^) represents the start of a line in regular expressions. (T or F) - Answers - T
The gzip program generally produces more compact compressed files than does the bzip2 program. (T or F) - Answers - F Where does the kernel store its ring buffer logs? - Answers - In memory A program allocates more and more memory but doesn't use the memory it allocates ( words). - Answers - Memory leak Both RPM and Debian packages can specify that they require other packages. (T or F) - Answers - T The file stuff.txt does not exist. You type nano stuff.txt and press Enter. What happens next? - Answers - The nano text editor starts, and displays the message, New File, in the status bar. A text encoding method that can use single- or multiple-byte encodings to store text. - Answers - Unicode ASCII is limited to 72 characters (T or F) - Answers - F What Bash scripting keyword terminates a case statement? - Answers - esac The string _______, located at the start of the file, identifies a script as a Bash script. - Answers - !#/bin/bash You can record the output of a command in a variable by enclosing the command in backticks. (T or F) - Answers - F What types of information does the id command provide? - Answers - Your UID, username, current group, all group member You can type _____ command, with no arguments, to learn your current username and nothing more? - Answers - whoami The lowest UID number used for user accounts on Linux systems is typically 500 or
- (T or F) - Answers - T Which of the following makes a good password? Your username 'password' Telephone # None of these - Answers - None You want to delete the oldproj group, so you type _____ oldproj. - Answers - groupdel
An Internet site that hosts software that you can install with yum, APT, or a similar tool is known as a ___________ - Answers - repository The first process to be run by the Linux kernel is normally called ________ - Answers - init Which of the following programs produces a summary of the memory status of your computer, including the total memory available, the amount used, and the amount that's unused? - Answers - free Which of the following tools can you use to identify running processes? - Answers - ps, top Pressing the M key in top causes the display to change to sort processes by memory use. (T or F) - Answers - T Which of the following commands provides a low-level way to install software on a Debian system? - Answers - dpkg The /var/log/messages file always holds general-purpose log entries. (T or F) - Answers - F To save a text file in vi, you should press Ctrl+S. (T or F) - Answers - F You're working in vi and, after having saved your current file, you want to load a new one. You can do so by typing ____ newfile.txt from command mode. - Answers - :e A version of the vi text editor called "vi improved," or vim is used for most Linux distributions. (T or F) - Answers - T What keystroke deletes a line of text when using nano? - Answers - Ctrl+K In pico or nano, you can paste text that you've cut or copied earlier by pressing Ctrl+____. - Answers - U What keystroke creates a new blank line immediately below the current one, when typed in vi's command mode? - Answers - o nano is an extended variant of pico. (T or F) - Answers - T When assigning a value to a variable in a Bash script, you separate the variable from its value with the ____ character. - Answers - = You're writing a script that will be called by other scripts. You want to signal abnormal termination of your script by passing a value of 8 to the external script under some
circumstances. What command can you use in your own script to do this? - Answers - exit 8 What command can you use to retrieve user input into a variable in a Bash script? - Answers - read It's impossible to run a Bash script if it hasn't had an executable bit set on its file. (T or F) - Answers - F The symbols which make up the Bash logical and operator is ____. - Answers - && All Bash scripts must contain functions. (T or F) - Answers - F You're writing a script that should accept two arguments, a username and a year, specified in that order on the command line. What variable would you use to access the year? - Answers - $ Which methods or commands provide access to superuser privileges for authorized users? (Select all that apply) - Answers - su Which pieces of information on user accounts is not normally stored in the /etc/passwd file on modern Linux distributions? - Answers - The accounts password You can type su _________ command to issue a single command with root privileges. - Answers --c The who command reveals the remote computer from which users have logged in, when they've logged in remotely. (T or F) - Answers - T Which of the following files defines Linux groups? - Answers - /etc/group The /etc/group file supports linking each user to a maximum of one group. (T or F) - Answers - F What types of information does the id command provide? - Answers - Your UID number, Your current group The lowest UID number used for user accounts on Linux systems is typically 500 or 1000 (depending upon the distribution). (T or F) - Answers - T A user account's information is linked between the /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files via the account's UID. (T or F) - Answers - F You can type the ______ command, with no arguments, to learn your current username and nothing more? - Answers - whoami
Mary finds that she can delete George's files in /tmp. What might this imply? - Answers
- The sticky bit is missing from /tmp; it should be set A file with permissions of crw-rw-r-- is a character device file. (T or F) - Answers - T A file has a symbolic mode of - rw-r-----. The file's octal mode is ______ - Answers - 640 What does the permission string - rwxrwx--- mean? - Answers - The file's owner and members of its group may both read, write, and execute the file, but other users have no access to it. What type of information can netstat provide? - Answers - Network interface information, a list of open ports, routing table data Programs that can look up DNS information include host, nslookup, and ________ - Answers - dig What program can you use to manually bring up a network interface in Linux? - Answers - ifconfig The - n option to traceroute causes it to display hostnames rather than IP addresses. (T or F) - Answers - F You want to test connectivity to tranquility.luna.edu by sending 11 packets to see how many return. To do this, you can type ___________ tranquility.luna.edu - Answers - ping - c 11 Your network's hardware interface is called eth0. You want to bring up this interface via DHCP, so you type dhclient ________ as root - Answers - eth dhcpd is a common DHCP client for Linux. (T or F) - Answers - F The host program has been deprecated. (T or F) - Answers - F You want to test connectivity to tranquility.luna.edu by sending 11 packets to see how many return. To do this, you can type __________ tranquility.luna.edu. - Answers - ping
- c 11 True or false: The host program has been deprecated. - Answers - False: The host program is actively maintained; it's nslookup that has been deprecated. True or false: WEP provides the highest available level of Wi-Fi security - Answers - False: WEP is in fact the worst of the three common levels of Wi-Fi security. WPA2 is the best, with WPA in-between.
True or false: dhcpd is a common DHCP client for Linux. - Answers - Your network's hardware interface is called eth0. You want to bring up this interface via DHCP, so you type dhclient _____ as root. - Answers - eth What type of information can netstat provide? - Answers - Answer: A, B, C netstat can provide information on network interfaces similar to what ifconfig provides (option A), routing table data similar to what route provides (option B), and a list of open ports (option C). It can not provide round-trip network packet travel time similar to what ping provides (option D) or the identities of broken routers similar to what traceroute provides (option E). What term refers to the worldwide system of servers that translates between IP addresses and hostnames? - Answers - Answer: B The question describes the Domain Name System (DNS), so option B is correct. The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) delivers network configuration information to computers when they boot, so option A is incorrect. The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is the overarching standard used for most networking purposes, so option C is incorrect. IP version 6 (IPv6) is an addressing system that supports immensely more addresses than does the older IPv4, so option D is incorrect. The Secure Shell (SSH) is an encrypted remote login protocol, so option E is incorrect. What program can you use to manually bring up a network interface in Linux? - Answers - Answer: D The ifconfig program does as the question specifies (among other things), so option D is correct. The iwlist command displays information on Wi-Fi networks but does not bring up a network interface, so option A is incorrect. The route command displays or modifies routing tables, but does not bring up a network interface, so option B is incorrect. The telnet command is a remote-access and network diagnostic tool, but it does not bring up a network interface, so option C is incorrect. The traceroute command produces network diagnostic information, but it does not bring up a network interface, so option E is incorrect. Programs that can look up DNS information include host, nslookup, and _____. - Answers - dig True or false: The - n option to traceroute causes it to display hostnames rather than IP addresses. - Answers - False The statement has it backwards; - n causes traceroute to display IP addresses rather than its default of hostnames.
