Decision-Making and Problem-Solving in Nursing Management, Exams of Nursing

Download Decision-Making and Problem-Solving in Nursing Management and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory and application 10th edition Chapter 1 Questions and Answers A+ Guide The nurse is applying a decision making process to a clinical challenge. When applying this process the nurse must? A. Choose between different courses of action B. Analyze the root cause of a situation C. Prioritize the maximum good for the maximum number of people D. Begin by solving the underlying problem - correct answer ✅✅A. Choose between different courses of action Feedback: Decision making is a complex, cognitive process often defined as choosing a particular course of action. Problem solving is part of decision making and is a systematic process that focuses on analyzing a difficult situation. It is not always realistic for the nurse to solve each of the problems contributing to a larger challenge, especially at the beginning of the decision-making process. The nurse often lacks the time, information, or resources to analyze the root causes of a situation. Many times, the nurse makes a decision that benefits the largest number of people, but this is not always feasible or desirable The nurse is applying the traditional problem-solving model when mediating in a conflict between two colleagues. When applying this model, the nurse should prioritize what task? A. Encouraging each nurse to reflect on his or her actions Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory and application 10th edition Chapter 1 Questions and Answers A+ Guide B. Implementing a solution as quickly as possible C. Eliciting input from other nurses D. Identify the root cause of conflict - correct answer ✅✅D. Identify the root cause of conflict Feedback: The traditional problem-solving model attempts to identify the root problem in situations, a task that can require much time and energy. Efficiency is desirable, but trying to implement a solution as quickly as possible can result in a hasty and incorrect solution. Reflective thinking is always beneficial, but this is not a specific component of the traditional problem-solving model. Outside input may or may not be necessary; this varies with each individual problem. Which statement is true regarding decision-making? A. Past experience has little to do with quality of the decision B. Personal belief can be adjusted for when the scientific approach to problem-solving is used C. Decisions are greatly influenced by each person's value system. D. Scientific methods to provide identical decisions by different individuals for the same problem. - correct answer ✅✅C. Decisions are greatly influenced by each person's value system. Feedback: Values, life experience, individual preference, and individual ways of thinking Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory and application 10th edition Chapter 1 Questions and Answers A+ Guide A. The preferences of clients and their families B. The role of intuition in the decision making process C. The clients for whom the intervention would be relevant D. Cost associated with a potential change in practice - correct answer ✅✅C. The clients for whom the intervention would be relevant Feedback: The PICO (patient or population, intervention, comparison, and outcome) format is used in evidence-based practice to guide the search for the current best evidence to address a problem. Client and family preferences and cost are included in evidence-based practice but are not explicit components of the PICO format. Intuition is a component of decision making but is not specifically included in the PICO format The nurse manager is applying the decision making process when addressing a nurses high rate of absenteeism. This process should result in: A. An action that guarantee success B. A new understanding of the problem C. A chosen course of action D. an outcome that is desired by all - correct answer ✅✅C. A chosen course of action Feedback: A decision is made when a course of action has been chosen. A decision may not always be pleasing to everyone involved in the situation, and success can never be fully guaranteed. The manager should seek to fully understand the problem, but this is a phase in Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory and application 10th edition Chapter 1 Questions and Answers A+ Guide decision making, not the result of the process The nurse manager is face with a difficult decision in a situation that involves the managers values. What is the managers best action? A. try to Base a decision on intuition rather than values. B. Defer the decision to a colleague with different values. C. Set aside his or her values and make a rational decision. D. Identify and reflect on his or her own value - correct answer ✅✅D. Identify and reflect on his or her own value Feedback: Every person has a value system, and this cannot be simply "set aside." Awareness and reflection are necessary to make good decisions in the context of one's own values. Intuition and values are not counterpoints, and prioritizing intuition does not negate the importance of values. Values influence every decision to varying degrees, and it is impractical to defer every value-laden decision to someone else What statement is true concerning critical thinking? A.It is narrower in scope than decision making B. It is a synonym for problem-solving process C.It is a simple approach to decision-making D. It requires reasoning and creative analysis - correct answer ✅✅D. It requires reasoning and creative analysis Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory and application 10th edition Chapter 1 Questions and Answers A+ Guide Feedback: Critical thinking has a broader scope and is more complex than decision making and problem solving. It is sometimes referred to as reflective thinking. Critical thinking also involves reflecting on the meaning of statements, examining the offered evidence and reasoning, and forming judgments about facts A nurse manager has realized that the data gathering process before a recent decision may be influenced by confirmation bias. How can the manager best prevent this in the future? A. Collect only the minimum quality of data before making a decision. B.Delegate data gathering to a trusted colleague who has different values C.Make sure not to prioritize information that supports managers beliefs. D. consider all implications of an alternative before making a decision - correct answer ✅✅C.Make sure not to prioritize information that supports managers beliefs. Feedback: Confirmation bias refers to our tendency to search for and favor information that confirms our beliefs while simultaneously ignoring or devaluing information that contradicts our beliefs. Self-awareness and reflection can reduce this tendency. Delegating the data-gathering process may be beneficial in some situations, but every person is prone to confirmation bias, although in differing ways. Considering the implications of a decision is Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory and application 10th edition Chapter 1 Questions and Answers A+ Guide same characteristic. It is an overgeneralization to assign one meaning to an action to every person from an entire continent. This kind of oversimplified deduction is exemplified when stereotypical statements are used to justify arguments and decisions. When affirming the consequences, one decides that if B is good and he or she is doing A, then A must not be good. When arguing from analogy, the nurse applies a component that is present in two separate concepts and then states that because A is present in B, then A and B are alike in all respects The nurse has accepted a job in a workplace where organizational power has a pronounced effect. This characteristic may have what affect on the nurse in the workplace? A. Many decisions will be delegated to the nurse by supervisors. B. There will be a high level of mistrust and suspicion in the workplace. C. Communication will be compromised in the work place. D. The nurse may have to accept decisions contrary to his or her own values. - correct answer ✅✅D. The nurse may have to accept decisions contrary to his or her own values. Feedback: The ability of the powerful to influence individual decision making in an organization often requires adopting a private personality and an organizational personality. The nurse will often have to accept decisions that solely reflect the values of more powerful Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory and application 10th edition Chapter 1 Questions and Answers A+ Guide individuals. This may lead to a feeling of powerlessness but not necessarily mistrust and lack of communication. Delegation of decision making is likely to be rare, not common, because it is concentrated with those in power The unit manager has created a decision grid in order to assist with difficult staffing decisions that will affect many nurses. The decision grid will also allow the manager to: A. Examine alternative visually and compare each against the same criteria. B. Ensure that the decision is made objectively rather than subjectively. C. Plot the outcome of a decision over time and evaluate decision making process. D. Predict when events must take place to complete a project on time - correct answer ✅✅A. Examine alternative visually and compare each against the same criteria. Feedback: A decision grid allows one to visually examine the alternatives and compare each against the same criteria. This assists with the decision-making process, but it cannot guarantee that the decision will be completely objective. A decision grid is not a tool for tracking the outcomes of a decision. Decision grids are not synonymous with project planning tables Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory and application 10th edition Chapter 1 Questions and Answers A+ Guide A nurse manager is planning to apply a decision-making model to a clinical challenge. When using a decision-making tool, what should the manager do? A. be aware that the tool cannot eliminate the risk of human error B. Have an impartial colleague apply the tool, if possible. C. Apply the tool as quickly as possible. D. Recognize the tool will negate the effect of the managers values. - correct answer ✅✅A. be aware that the tool cannot eliminate the risk of human error Feedback: Management decision-making aids are subject to human error and do not remove the effects of individual values, which always affect decision making. There is no particular reason that a tool would have to be applied by another person. Making the correct decision can take time; moving too quickly can compromise the quality of the process Nurse manager had to intervene in a conflict between client and a staff member the manager chooses to make a decision " In the moment" rather than applying a methodic or deliberate decision-making tool. How should this managers actions Be interpreted? A. The manager should have used a decision-making tool before responding be. B. The manager demonstrated an autocratic leader ship style. C. The managers decision was likely made on faces basis of emotion. D. The manager applied heuristics to a problem that required a quick solution - correct answer ✅✅D. The manager applied heuristics to a problem that required a quick solution Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory and application 10th edition Chapter 1 Questions and Answers A+ Guide The nurse manager is preparing to use the PERT tool when making a staff decision. This tool primarily address what components of the decision making process? A. Consequences B. Values C. Timing D. Ethics - correct answer ✅✅C. Timing Feedback: PERT is a popular tool to determine the timing of decisions. This tool does not explicitly address some of the other relevant considerations when making decisions, including values and ethics. This tool does not focus on the evaluation (consequences) component of decision making The nurse is working with a group of students who are learning High risk procedures. How should the nurse best ensure learning while protecting safety of clients? A. Teach the students about the traditional problem-solving process before the practice procedure. B. Use simulation for the students to learn and practice the skills C. Help the students use a decision-making model to choose the safest technique. D. Create an unfolding case study during the procedure. - correct answer ✅✅B. Use simulation for the students to learn and practice the skills Feedback: Simulation provides learners opportunities for problem solving that have little or Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory and application 10th edition Chapter 1 Questions and Answers A+ Guide no risk to clients or to organizational performance while providing models, either mechanical or live, to provide experiences for the learner. Simulation is generally considered to be more realistic (and conducive to learning) than a case study and no less safe. A decision-making or problem-solving model is not normally implemented when learning new skills or procedures Which statement demonstrates a characteristic of a critical thinker? Select all that apply. A. "Since that didn't work effectively, let's try something different" B. "The Solution has to be something the client is willing to do" C. "Maybe there is no new solution to this particular problem." D. "Ill talk to the client's primary care giver about the problem" E. "It's important that we not give up; our clients deserve it." - correct answer ✅✅A, B, D, E Feedback: A critical thinker displays persistence, empathy, and assertiveness. Trying a new approach shows persistence. Considering the client's participation shows empathy. Speaking to the care provider on the client's behalf shows assertiveness. Concluding that there is no solution to a problem reflects an inability to think outside the box. Stating "It's Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory and application 10th edition Chapter 1 Questions and Answers A+ Guide important that we not give up; our clients deserve it" shows persistence and empathy What is the value of using a structured approach to problem solving for the novice nurse? A. Facilitates effective time management. B. Supports the acquisition of clinical reasoning C. Supplements the orientation process D. Encourages professional autonomy - correct answer ✅✅B. Supports the acquisition of clinical reasoning Feedback: A structured approach to problem solving and decision making increases clinical reasoning and is the best way to learn how to make quality decisions because it eliminates trial and error and focuses the learning on a proven process. This is particularly helpful to the novice nurse with limited clinical experience and intuition. The other options are outcomes of the possession of critical thinking skills and clinical reasoning A novice nurse has been trying to apply the nursing process to each client interaction. What should the nurse do to enhance the effectiveness of this process for making decisions and solving problems? A. Conduct assessment and diagnosis simultaneously whenever possible B.Ensure that specific goals are identified during the planning process. C. Avoid evaluating the process until every outcome has been met. Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory and application 10th edition Chapter 1 Questions and Answers A+ Guide among the most common decision-making models in management situations. A focus on pleasing other people may make it difficult to arrive at a decision when there are not ideal options available. Quick thinking can be beneficial when making some decisions, but people who are more methodical thinkers are not necessarily at a disadvantage. Quick thinking does not always lead to wise decisions A nurse manager has to make some difficult decisions around the allocation of vacation time during the holiday season. When making a decision, what should the manager do first? A. Think of as many alternatives as possible B. Clearly identify each of the desired objectives in the situation. C. Consider how the issues has been addressed in the past D. Elicit ideas from as many staff members as possible - correct answer ✅✅B. Clearly identify each of the desired objectives in the situation. Feedback: Regardless of what decision-making or problem-solving tool a manager is going to use, the process must necessarily begin with clear identification of the objectives. Once these are determined, subsequent steps like engaging stakeholders, creating alternatives, and considering previous approaches can be performed Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory and application 10th edition Chapter 1 Questions and Answers A+ Guide The nurses on a medical unit are using several different techniques for performing wound care and the manager recognizes a need to implement evidence-based practice (EBP). What should the manager do first when applying the principles of EBP? A. Identify the main peer-reviewed journals in field of wound care. B. Perform a review of the literature about wound care C. Formulate a specific, searchable clinical question about wound care D. Identify how expert nurses typically perform wound care - correct answer ✅✅C. Formulate a specific, searchable clinical question about wound care Feedback: The implementation of EBP usually follows a linear approach that begins with formulating a specific question that can be used to guide a literature search. This should be done before starting a literature review or consulting experts in the field A nurse has accepted a management position in the busy ambulatory clinic and recognizes the day-to-day operations of the clinic will require many decisions. What is the nurses best initial action on preparing for this new rule? A. Determine where organizational power exists in the clinic B. Identify staff who are likely to be allies. C. Collaborate with the previous manager of the clinic D. Clarify and reflect on his or her own values - correct answer ✅✅D. Clarify and reflect on his or her own values Feedback: Values clarification is an imperative first step when preparing for a role that Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory and application 10th edition Chapter 1 Questions and Answers A+ Guide requires decision making and problem solving. This form of internal examination must precede strategic interactions with others or an analysis of where power lies in the organization. Internal examination should come before external examination a sales representative is describing the benefit of a new brand of incontinence briefs to a manager. The representative states, "These are superior product. With what you're currently using, you're actually causing harm to your clients." How should the manager best interpret this statement? A. The representative is affirming the consequences B. The representative is over generalizing about the briefs the current unit is using C. The representative is over generalizing about the new briefs D.The representative is analogy. - correct answer ✅✅A. The representative is affirming the consequences Feedback: Affirming the consequences is a logical fallacy where a person decides that if B (i.e., the new brief) is good and he or she is doing A (i.e., using the old brief), then A must not be good. The fact that the new brief is good does not mean the old brief is bad. Overgeneralizing involves extending characteristics of an individual to a group. Arguing from analogy is illogical thinking that applies a component that is present in two separate