Download Thinking, Fast and Slow: Understanding the Two Systems of Human Thought and more Schemes and Mind Maps Life Sciences in PDF only on Docsity!
Thinking, Fast
and Slow
by Daniel Kahneman
ISBN: 978-0-374-53355-7 / 512 pages
In his groundbreaking tour of the mind’s machinery, Daniel Kahneman, a renowned psychologist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, presents us with two systems that drive the way we think. System 1 is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System 2 is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. The impact of loss aversion and overconfidence on corporate strategies, the difficulties of predicting what will make us happy in the future, the profound effect of cognitive biases on every- thing from playing the stock market to planning our next vacation—each of these can be understood only by knowing how the two systems shape our judgments and decisions. Kahneman’s ideas have had a profound and widely regarded impact on many fields, including economics, medicine, and politics. Engaging the reader in a lively conversation about how we think, Kahneman reveals where we can and cannot trust our intuitions and how we can tap into the benefits of slow thinking. Rich with practical and enlightening insights into how choices are made in both business and our personal lives, Thinking, Fast and Slow will transform the way you think about thinking. These questions and discussion topics are designed to enhance your reading of Daniel Kahne- man’s Thinking, Fast and Slow. We hope they will enliven your experience as your explore this rich and fascinating account of how we think.
Reading Group Gold
Contact us at [email protected] | www.readinggroupgold.com
*** A major** New York Times bestseller
*** Selected by** The New York Times Book Review
as one of the ten best books of 2011
*** Winner of the National Academy of Sciences**
Best Book Award in 2012
QuESTIoNS AND ToPICS foR DISCuSSIoN
- At the opening of Thinking, Fast and Slow , Kahneman discusses the “proverbial office water- cooler” as the ideal setting in which readers could use knowledge gained from his book. Why do you think Kahneman makes a point of mentioning gossip so early on? How do you see his claims about the connection between gossip and better decision making playing out in the book and in your own lives?
- Everyone has his or her favorite “cognitive biases” described in the book. Discuss what you felt were the most surprising, resonant, suggestive, or memorable of the biases, fallacies, and illusions that Kahneman explores. What captured your imagination about these particular ones?
- On the flip side, what did you think were the least persuasive parts of Kahneman’s arguments? What conclusions did you doubt or disbelieve? Were there experiments whose results you ques- tioned?
- Even though Kahneman discusses the “optimistic bias,” he also says, “If you were allowed one wish for your child, seriously consider wishing him or her optimism.” using this as a jumping-off point, discuss what is useful about our cognitive biases. What are the “upsides” to the irrational thinking we are all sometimes guilty of? Would we be happier if we were free of all our biases?
- The Atlantic has called Kahneman the anti–Malcolm Gladwell. Do you agree? How does Think- ing, Fast and Slow compare in argument and approach to other books you may have read about human rationality and behavior?
- Kahneman writes: “I have made much more progress in recognizing the errors of others than my own.” Based on your reading of Thinking, Fast and Slow , what practices, behaviors, or activi- ties do you think we could cultivate to strengthen System 2’s effortful thinking over System’s 1’s automatic responses? How optimistic are you about the results over time? Which of the biases do you think would be the most difficult to uproot?
- “Self-help” books are traditionally thought to empower us to take greater control over our own lives, but Thinking, Fast and Slow also calls into question the limits of our rationality. Do you think Thinking, Fast and Slow works as a piece of self-help literature? After reading it, do you feel more or less “in control”?
- As Kahneman explains, systematic biases play a substantial role not only in our own lives, but in the functioning of groups, businesses, and even societies. Discuss examples from politics, culture, or current affairs that you feel demonstrate certain biases.
- Kahneman’s arguments have been applied widely throughout a variety of industries and disci- plines, and many of the cognitive biases (including framing, availability, anchors, and the plan- ning fallacy) have serious implications for professional practice. Can you observe biases—and the exploitation of those biases—in your professional environment? Would you take advantage of
Reading Group Gold
Contact us at [email protected] | www.readinggroupgold.com
- Consider the ethical dilemma of the colonoscopy experiments: Should doctors focus on limiting real-time pain or the memories of pain? In other words, how should we weigh the importance of our remembering and experiencing selves? Also, discuss Kahneman’s example of the painful operation that you will forget about later. Do you share his belief that “I feel pity for my suffering self but not more than I would feel for a stranger in pain”?
- Kahneman writes, “In normal circumstances... we draw pleasure and pain from what is hap- pening at the moment, if we attend to it,” and notes that french and American women spend about the same amount of time eating, but french women seem to attend to it more keenly and therefore enjoy it more. How does the issue of attention relate to Kahneman’s arguments about Systems 1 and 2, as well as his later arguments about happiness and well-being? Discuss the implications of these arguments both for the individual and for society.
- Philosophers have long debated what it means to lead a “good life.” In what ways has reading Thinking, Fast and Slow affected your understanding of what this might mean? In your view, how important is happiness (however we understand that term) to a “good life”? How important is behaving rationally? Are they related?
- What questions did Thinking, Fast and Slow leave you with? If you were a scientist working in this field, what areas would you want to study further?
PRAISE foR Thinking, FAST And Slow
“ A major intellectual event... The work of Kahneman and Tversky was a crucial pivot point in the way we see ourselves.” —David Brooks, The new York Times
“ There have been many good books on human rationality and irrationality, but only one masterpiece. That masterpiece is Daniel Kahneman’s Thinking, Fast and Slow... This is one of the greatest and most engaging collections of insights into the human mind I have read.” —William Easterly, Financial Times
“ [ Thinking, Fast and Slow ] is wonderful, of course. To anyone with the slightest interest in the workings of his own mind it is so rich and fascinating that any summary of it would seem absurd.” —Michael Lewis, Vanity Fair
“ I will never think about thinking quite the same. [ Thinking, Fast and Slow is] a monumental achieve- ment.” —Roger Lowenstein, Bloomberg Businessweek
“ [A] tour de force of psychological insight... Thanks to the elegance and force of his ideas, and the robustness of the evidence he offers for them, he has helped us to a new understanding of our divided minds—and our whole selves.” —Christopher f. Chabris, The wall Street Journal
Reading Group Gold
Contact us at [email protected] | www.readinggroupgold.com
ABouT THE AuTHoR
Daniel Kahneman is Eugene Higgins Professor of Psychology Emeritus at Princeton university and Professor of Psychology and Public Affairs Emeritus at Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He received the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his pioneering work with Amos Tversky on decision making.
Reading group guide written by Gabriella Doob
Reading Group Gold
Contact us at [email protected] | www.readinggroupgold.com
