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Definitions to study for Defining and Measuring Behavior
Typology: Study notes
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Celeration The change in rate of responding over time; based on count per unit of time; expressed as a factor by which responding is accelerating or decelerating. Continuous Measurement Measurement conducted in a manner such that all instances of the response class(es) of interest are detected during the observation period. Discontinuous Measurement Measurement conducted in a manner such that some instances of the response class(es) of interest may not be detected. Duration The total time that behavior occurs; measured by elapsed time from the onset of a response to its end point. Event Recording Measurement procedure for obtaining a tally or count of the number of times a behavior occurs. Free Operant Any operant behavior that results in minimal displacement of the participant in time and space. It can be emitted at nearly any time; it is discrete, it requires minimal time for completion, and it can produce a wide range of response rates. Frequency How often a behavior occurs. Function-Based Definition Designates responses as members of the targeted response class solely in terms of their common effect on the environment. Interobserver Agreement The degree to which two or more independent observers report the same observed values after measuring the same events. Latency A measure of temporal locus; the elapsed time from the onset of a stimulus to the initiation of a response. Magnitude The force or intensity with which a response is emitted. Momentary Time Sampling A measurement method in which the presence or absence of behaviors is recorded at precisely specified time intervals. Observer Drift Any unintended change in the way an observer uses a measurement system over the course of an investigation that results in measurement error. Observer Reactivity Influence on the data reported by an observer that results from the observer’s awareness that others are evaluating the data. Partial-Interval Recording A time sampling method for measuring behavior in which the observation period is divided into a series of brief time intervals and the observer records whether the target behavior occurred at any time during the interval. Permanent Product A change in the environment produced by a behavior that lasts long enough for measurement to take place.
Rate A fundamental measure of how often behavior occurs expressed as count per standard unit of time. Reactivity Effects of an observation and measurement procedure on the behavior being measured. Reliability Refers to the consistency of measurement, specifically, the extent to which repeated measurement of the same event yields the same values. Social Validity Refers to the extent to which target behaviors are appropriate, intervention procedures are acceptable, and important and significant changes in target and collateral behaviors are produced. Time Sampling A measurement of the presence or absence of behavior within specific time intervals. Topography-Based Definition Defines instances of the targeted response class by the shape or form of the behavior. Validity The extent to which data obtained from measurement are directly relevant to the target behavior of interest and to the reason(s) for measuring it. Whole-Interval Recording A time sampling method for measuring behavior in which the observation period is divided into a series of brief time intervals at the end of which the observer records whether the target behavior occurred throughout the entire interval.