Engineering Design Process: From Ideas to Implementation, Slides of Engineering Drawing and Graphics

Download Engineering Design Process: From Ideas to Implementation and more Slides Engineering Drawing and Graphics in PDF only on Docsity!

Engineering 22

Engineering

and the

Design Process

Engineering - Definitions

• Comes from the Latin word “ingenerare",

“to create”

• Derivatives - ingenious, engineer
• Dictionary –
• Long ≡ The ART or SCIENCE of Making PRACTICAL APPLICATION of the Knowledge of PURE SCIENCES (e.g., physics, chemistry) in the Construction of USEFUL physical objects

Science vs. Engineering

• Science → INVESTIGATION
  • Scientists Conduct Experiments, And Construct Models (Theories) To Better Understand The Operation And Function Of The Physical World
• Engineering →

PRACTICAL

PROBLEM SOLVING

• c.f. Previous Definitions

Engineering vs. Science

• Engineering is Closely Related to Science &

Math, but it is NOT the SAME

Scientists seek to UNDERSTAND WHAT IS, while Engineers seek to CREATE THAT WHICH NEVER WAS

• Theodore von Kármán, CalTech Professor, and the Father of Modern AeroSpace Engineering

DS1 – Problem Identification

• What Problem Requires Solution?
  • A Clear Definition of the Problem is a CRITICAL STEP in the Design Process - What Are the User’s (Customer’s) Needs? - Design Criteria - What Limitations Or Conditions Will Restrict The Design? - Development-Cost/Time vs. Performance Trade-offs - Set Priorities → NEED-to-have vs. NICE-to-have
  • Write a Formal Problem Statement
    • Careful Accounting of All FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

DS2 – Ideas and Concepts

• Brainstorming
  • “Stream of Conscience” Listing Of Potential Solutions - NO Wrong Answers → Wild Speculation Encouraged
  • CONCEPT SKETCHES

DS4 – Refine Concepts

• Further Quantification of the Merits of

Preliminary Design Candidates

• More Sophisticated Computer/Math Modeling
• Extensive Search for “Fatal Flaws”
• Detailed “Architectural level” Drawing(s)
  • Physical-Envelopes For Main Functional-Blocks Defined And Fit-Together
• Subscale Testing
• Rapid Prototyping

“System Architectural” Drawing

 “Architecture” of a Machine Tool Used to Fabricate Semiconductor Integrated Circuits; i.e. Computer chips

 Circa 1992

DS-6 Implementation

• GRAPHICAL Documentation
  • Design Drawings (Patent Application)
  • Working Drawings (Fabrication & Assembly)
  • Technical Illustrations (Instruction Manual)
• Build Full-Scale Prototype
• Test, Test, Test
• Product Marketing
• Production Planning
• Life-Cycle Planning (service, spares.etc.)

FlowChart

 Three MAJOR Phases

1. Concept Design: search for adaptable solution principles
2. Initial Selection: find suitable hardware within technical and economic constraints
3. Detail Design: finalize the form, dimensions, materials etc. of individual components.

THE PROBLEM

• The process of designing begins when there is a need.
• Wherever there are people there are problems needing solutions. In some cases the designer may have to invent a product. An example might be a game for blind persons.
• At other times the designer may change an existing design. (If the handle of a pot becomes too hot to touch, it must be redesigned.)
• Designers also improve existing products. They make the product work even better. Could the chair in the waiting room of a bus or train station be altered so that waiting seems shorter?

THE DESIGN BRIEF

• A design brief should describe simply and clearly what is to be designed. The design brief cannot be vague. Some examples of problems and design briefs are listed below: - PROBLEM: Blind people cannot play many of the indoor games available to sighted people. - DESIGN BRIEF: Design a game of dominoes that can be played by blind people. - PROBLEM: The handle of a pot becomes too hot to hold when the pot is heated. - DESIGN BRIEF: Design a handle that remains cool when the pot is heated. - PROBLEM: Waiting time in a bus or train station seems too long. There is nothing to do. - DESIGN BRIEF: Modify the seats so that a small television can be attached.

DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVES

• You should produce a number of solutions. It is very important that you write or draw every idea on paper as it occurs to you. This will help you remember and describe them more clearly. It is also easier to discuss them with other people if you have a drawing.
• These first sketches do not have to be very detailed or accurate. They should be made quickly. The important thing is to record all your ideas. Do not be critical. Try to think of lots of ideas, even some wild ones. The more ideas you have, the more likely you are to end up with a good solution.

CHOOSING A SOLUTION

• You may find that you like several of the solutions. Eventually, you must choose one. Usually, careful comparison with the original design brief will help you to select the best.
• You must also consider:
  • Your own skills.
  • The materials available.
  • Time needed to build each solution.
  • Cost of each solution.
• Deciding among the several possible solutions is not always easy. Then it helps to summarize the design requirements and solutions and put the summary in a chart. Which would you choose? In cases like this, let it be the one you like best.