Developmental Stages of Human, Lecture notes of Community Journalism

Download Developmental Stages of Human and more Lecture notes Community Journalism in PDF only on Docsity! Developmental Stages in Middle and Late Adolescence HUMAN DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES • Human development focuses on human growth and changes across the lifespan, including physical, cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, personality and emotional growth. • The study of human development is essential to understanding how humans learn, mature, and adapt. STAGE S BASIC CONFLICT / CRISIS IMPORTANT EVENTS VIRTUES DESCRIPTION OUTCOME Stage 2 EARLY CHILDHOOD (18 months to 3 years) Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt Toilet Trainin g Will As toddlers, children begin to develop independence and start to learn that they can do some things on their own (such as going to the toilet). If a child is not encouraged properly at this age, he or she might develop shame and doubt about their abilities. Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feeling of autonomy, while failure results in feelings of shame and doubt. STAGE S BASIC CONFLICT / CRISIS IMPORTANT EVENTS VIRTUES DESCRIPTION OUTCOME Stage 3 PRESCHOOL (3 to 5 years) Initiative Vs. Guilt Exploration Purpose As preschoolers, children continue to develop more independence and start to do things of their own initiative. If a child is not able to take initiative and succeed at appropriate tasks, he or she might develop guilt over his/her needs and desires. Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt. STAGE S BASIC CONFLICT / CRISIS IMPORTANT EVENTS VIRTUES DESCRIPTION OUTCOME Stage 4 SCHOOL AGE (6 to 11 years) Industry Vs. Inferiorit y School Competence Throughout their school years, children continue to develop self- confidence through learning new things. If they are not encouraged and praised properly at this age, they may develop inferiority complex. Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feeling of inferiority. STAGE S BASIC CONFLICT / CRISIS IMPORTAN T EVENTS VIRTUES DESCRIPTION OUTCOME Stage 7 MIDDLE ADULTHOO D (40 to 65 years) Generativity Vs. Stagnation Work and Parenthoo d Care This is the longest period of a human’s life. It is the stage in which people are usually working and contributing to society in some way and perhaps raising their children. If a person does not find proper ways to be productive during this period, they will probably develop feelings of stagnation. Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishments, while failure results in shallow environment in the world. STAGES BASIC CONFLICT / CRISIS IMPORTAN T EVENTS VIRTUES DESCRIPTION OUTCOME Stage 8 MATURITY (65 to death) Ego Integrity Vs. Despair Reflection on Life Wisdom As senior citizens, people tend to look back on their lives and think about what they have no accomplished. If a person has led a productive life, they will develop a feeling of integrity if not, they might fall into despair. Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this age leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair. THE DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS SUMMARY TABLE INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD (0 – 5) •Leaning to walk •Learning to take solid foods •Learning to talk •Learning to control the elimination of body waste •Learning sex differences and sexual modesty •Acquiring concepts and language to describe social and physical reality •Readiness for reading •Learning to distinguish right from wrong and developing a conscience EARLY ADULTHOOD (19 – 30) •Selecting a mate •Learning to live with a partner •Starting a family •Rearing children •Managing a home •Starting an occupation •Assuming civic responsibility MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (30 – 60) •Helping teenage children to become happy and responsible adults •Achieving adult social and civic responsibility •Satisfactory career achievement •Developing adult leisure time activities •Relating to one’s spouse as a person •Accepting the physiological changes of middle age •Adjusting to aging parent LATE MATURITY (61+) •Adjusting to decreasing strength and health •Adjusting to retirement and reduced income •Adjusting to death of spouse •Establishing relations with one’s own age group •Meeting social and civic obligations •Establishing satisfactory living quarters