Digital Image Processing: Fundamentals and Applications, Essays (university) of Digital Image Processing

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Digital Image Processing

Contents

• (^) Image Processing Fields
• (^) Computerized Processes Types
• (^) Digital Image Definition
• (^) Fundamental steps in Digital Image Processing

Image Processing Fields

Input / Output Image Description Image Image Processing Computer Vision Description Computer Graphics AI Sometimes, Image Processing is defined as “a discipline in which both the input and output of a process are images But, according to this classification, trivial tasks of computing the average intensity of an image would not be considered an image processing operation

Computerized Processes Types

• (^) Low-Level Processes:
  • (^) Input and output are images
  • (^) Tasks: Primitive operations, such as, image processing to reduce noise, contrast enhancement and image sharpening

Computerized Processes Types

• (^) High-Level Processes:
  • (^) Image analysis and computer vision

Digital Image Definition

• (^) An image can be defined as a two- dimensional function f(x,y)
• (^) x,y: Spatial coordinate
• (^) f: the amplitude of any pair of coordinate x,y, which is called the intensity or gray level of the image at that point.
• (^) x,y and f, are all finite and discrete quantities.

Fundamental Steps in DIP

(Description)

Step 1: Image Acquisition The image is captured by a sensor (eg. Camera), and digitized if the output of the camera or sensor is not already in digital form, using analogue-to-digital convertor

Fundamental Steps in DIP

(Description)

Step 2: Image Enhancement The process of manipulating an image so that the result is more suitable than the original for specific applications. The idea behind enhancement techniques is to bring out details that are hidden, or simple to highlight certain features of interest in an image.

Fundamental Steps in DIP

(Description)

Step 4: Colour Image Processing Use the colour of the image to extract features of interest in an image

Fundamental Steps in DIP

(Description)

Step 5: Wavelets Are the foundation of representing images in various degrees of resolution. It is used for image data compression.

Fundamental Steps in DIP

(Description)

Step 7: Morphological Processing Tools for extracting image components that are useful in the representation and description of shape. In this step, there would be a transition from processes that output images, to processes that output image attributes.

Fundamental Steps in DIP

(Description)

Step 8: Image Segmentation Segmentation procedures partition an image into its constituent parts or objects. Important Tip: The more accurate the segmentation, the more likely recognition is to succeed.

Fundamental Steps in DIP

(Description)

Step 9: Representation and Description

• (^) Choosing a representation is only part of the solution for transforming raw data into a form suitable for subsequent computer processing (mainly recognition)
• Description: also called, feature selection , deals with extracting attributes that result in some information of interest.

Fundamental Steps in DIP

(Description)

Step 9: Recognition and Interpretation Recognition: the process that assigns label to an object based on the information provided by its description.