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Reporters:

atinoy, Krystal Faith V.

Cernero, Rica T.

Fernandez, Aaron P.

Flores, Raven F.

Lopez, Jasper Peter R.

Directing - refers to a process or technique of instructing, guiding, inspiring,

counselling, overseeing and leading people towards the accomplishment of

organizational goals.

IMPORTANCE OF DIRECTING

1. Initiates Action- Direction initiates action based on the preconditions set under

planning, organising and staffing.

2. Integrates Employees’ Efforts- Individual Efforts are Integrated through

coordination between plans, resources and human efforts and through guidance,

supervision and counselling.

3. Means of Motivation- Directing helps in motivating employees to contribute

their maximum efforts towards achieving organizational goals.

4. Facilitates changes- Direction enables an organisation to adapt changing

conditions through better leadership and communication.

5. Provides Balance and Stability- Direction involves communication and

integration of all activities across all units of an organisation to achieve

organisational goals.

Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of Motivation

Herzberg’s Motivation Theory model, or Two Factor Theory,

argues that there are two factors that an organization can

adjust to influence motivation in the workplace.

The two factors identified by Herzberg are motivators and

hygiene factors.

1. Motivating Factors

The presence of motivators causes employees to work harder.

They are found within the actual job itself.

2. Hygiene Factors

The absence of hygiene factors will cause employees to work

less hard. Hygiene factors are not present in the actual

job itself but surround the job.

The impact of motivating and hygiene factors is summarized

in the following diagram. Note that you will often see

motivators referred to as factors for satisfaction, and

hygiene factors referred to as factors for dissatisfaction.

Examples of motivating and hygiene factors are shown in the following

diagram.

Harold Leavitt

Leavitt is Walter Kenneth Kilpatrick

Professor of Organizational Behavior

and Psychology in the Graduate School of

Business, Stanford University. He is the

author of Corporate Pathfinders and the co-

editor of Reading in Managerial Psychology,

published by the University of Chicago

Press.

Harold Leavitt developed Leavitt’s Diamond, also

known as Leavitt’s System Model, in 1965

as a mechanism for analysing the

organisation wide effects a change strategy

will have. The author outlined 4 independent

components of every organisation; tasks,

people, structure and technology. He argued

that to have a successful ‘integrated

change’, it is crucial to understand the

connection between each component.

Communication Process

The communication is a dynamic process that begins with the conceptualizing of ideas

by the sender who then transmits the message through a channel to the receiver,

who in turn gives the feedback in the form of some message or signal within the

given time frame. Thus, there are Seven major elements of communication

process:

Directing and Leadership

What is Leadership?

Leadership is the one of the most important function of manage ment.

Leading involves directing, influencing and motivating employees to

perform.

According to Peter Drucker, “Leadership is shifting of own vision to higher

sights, the raising of man’s performance to higher standards, the building

of man;s personality beyond its normal limitations.”

Directing vs. Leadership

A good leader is someone who can influence and train people have the

time to nurture them.

A director is someone who tells people what to do..

Traits Theories

Trait Theory of Leadership

• Theories that consider personality, social, physical or intellectual traits to differentiate

leaders from non-leaders.

It differentiates leaders from non-leaders by focusing on physical qualities and

characteristics

Trait Theory assumes that leaders are born

Traits are Classified into Five Categories

1. Intelligence and Scholarship,

2. Physical Traits like age, height, strength etc.

3. Social Status and Experience

4. Task Orientation

5. Personality Characteristics

Ambition and Energy

• Desire to Lead

Honesty and Integrity

Self Confidence

Job Relevant Knowledge

Current Issues In Leadership

1. Failure to Communicate- Effective communication is so hard because it takes commitment. You have to

make effective communication a priority and that takes discipline, consistency, clarity of message, and a willingness

to keep at it day after day.

2. Lack of Accountability- If you notice that the big things are not getting done and good ideas fall through the

cracks, you lack accountability.

3. Lack of Alignment- You’ll have disagreements but as the leader, you have to make sure that when the

decision is made, your team is behind it and they move forward in unity to make it happen.

Are Managers and Leaders different?

Management and leadership are often considered the same in many organizations. Though the two share

a number of similar traits, they differ in the sense that while all leaders are managers, not all

managers are leaders.

Role of a Leader

A leader focuses on interpersonal relationships both within and outside the organization. They assess the

company's situation and future strategy based on reports from the heads of departments.

Role of a Manager

A manager is responsible for communicating the philosophies and policies of an organization to its employees.

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