Documentary in Rizal | Summaries English Language

What is the life and works of Rizal?
June 19, 1861, José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda, was born in , Calamba,
Philippines laguna province. Patriot, physician, and man of letters who was an inspiration to
the%Philippine%nationalist movement.
The son of a prosperous landowner, Rizal was educated in%Manila%and at the%University of 
Madrid. A brilliant medical student, he soon committed himself to the reform of Spanish 
rule in his home%country, though he never advocated Philippine independence. Most of his 
writing was done in Europe, where he resided between 1882 and 1892.
In 1887 Rizal published his first%novel, which is the Noli me tangere%(The Social Cancer) a 
passionate exposure of the evils of Spanish rule in the%Philippines. . A sequel,%El 
filibusterismo%(The reign of greed was published on 1891) established his reputation as the 
leading spokesman of the Philippine reform movement.
He published an%annotated%edition on 1890 and reprinted on 1958 of Antonio 
Morga’sSucesos de las Islas Filipinas, ,%hoping to show that the native people of the 
Philippines had a long history before the coming of the Spaniards.
He became the leader of the%Propaganda Movement, contributing numerous articles to its 
newspaper,%La Solidaridad,%published in%Barcelona. Rizal’s political program 
included%integration%of the Philippines as a province of Spain, representation in the Cortes, 
the replacement of Spanish friars by Filipino priests, freedom of assembly and expression, 
and equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law.
Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892. He founded a nonviolent-reform society, the%Liga 
Filipina, in Manila, and was deported to%Dapitan%in northwest%Mindanao. He remained in 
exile for the next four years. In 1896 the%Katipunan, a Filipino nationalist%secret society, 
revolted against Spain. Although he had no connections with that organization and he had 
no part in the insurrection, Rizal was arrested and tried for%sedition%by the military. Found 
guilty, he was publicly executed by a firing squad in Manila. His martyrdom convinced 
Filipinos that there was no%alternative%to independence from Spain. On the eve of his 
execution, while confined in Fort Santiago, Rizal wrote “Último adiós” this is also known as 
‘Last Farewell’ a masterpiece of 19th-century Spanish verse.
What are the basic facts about Rizal?
As Ambeth Ocampo, a reputable historian once said: “Jose Rizal is everywhere yet he is 
nowhere.” He may have become a typical part of your daily life with his face embossed in 
the 1 peso coin and with several places in the country named after him, but there are still 
facts about Rizal that are not known to many.
There’s more to know about Jose Rizal than what you have learned in history class. To feed 
your curiosity, here are 10 astounding facts about our national hero that you probably 
didn’t know about.
1. HE INTRODUCED THE LETTER “K” TO PHILIPPINE ORTHOGRAPHY
Thanks to Rizal we don’t write like this:
Masaquit ang ipin%ng%lalaqueng banquero habang cumacain ng%ulam%at%canin.
Jose Rizal promoted the use of the letter “K” to replace “C” and “Q” in Tagalog orthography
(spelling system). Rizal found that this letter, which he adopted from the German spelling 
system, is crucial for the Tagalog language because the Spanish “C” and “Q” can create 
confusion

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What is the life and works of Rizal? June 19, 1861, José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda , was born in , Calamba, Philippines laguna province. Patriot, physician, and man of letters who was an inspiration to the Philippine nationalist movement. The son of a prosperous landowner, Rizal was educated in Manila and at the University of Madrid. A brilliant medical student, he soon committed himself to the reform of Spanish rule in his home country, though he never advocated Philippine independence. Most of his writing was done in Europe, where he resided between 1882 and 1892. In 1887 Rizal published his first novel, which is the Noli me tangere (The Social Cancer) a passionate exposure of the evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines.. A sequel, El filibusterismo (The reign of greed was published on 1891) established his reputation as the leading spokesman of the Philippine reform movement. He published an annotated edition on 1890 and reprinted on 1958 of Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, , hoping to show that the native people of the Philippines had a long history before the coming of the Spaniards. He became the leader of the Propaganda Movement, contributing numerous articles to its newspaper, La Solidaridad , published in Barcelona. Rizal’s political program included integration of the Philippines as a province of Spain, representation in the Cortes, the replacement of Spanish friars by Filipino priests, freedom of assembly and expression, and equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law. Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892. He founded a nonviolent-reform society, the Liga Filipina, in Manila, and was deported to Dapitan in northwest Mindanao. He remained in exile for the next four years. In 1896 the Katipunan, a Filipino nationalist secret society, revolted against Spain. Although he had no connections with that organization and he had no part in the insurrection, Rizal was arrested and tried for sedition by the military. Found guilty, he was publicly executed by a firing squad in Manila. His martyrdom convinced Filipinos that there was no alternative to independence from Spain. On the eve of his execution, while confined in Fort Santiago, Rizal wrote “Último adiós” this is also known as ‘Last Farewell’ a masterpiece of 19th-century Spanish verse. What are the basic facts about Rizal? As Ambeth Ocampo, a reputable historian once said: “Jose Rizal is everywhere yet he is nowhere.” He may have become a typical part of your daily life with his face embossed in the 1 peso coin and with several places in the country named after him, but there are still facts about Rizal that are not known to many. There’s more to know about Jose Rizal than what you have learned in history class. To feed your curiosity, here are 10 astounding facts about our national hero that you probably didn’t know about.

1. HE INTRODUCED THE LETTER “K” TO PHILIPPINE ORTHOGRAPHY Thanks to Rizal we don’t write like this: Masaquit ang ipin ng lalaqueng banquero habang cumacain ng ulam at canin. Jose Rizal promoted the use of the letter “K” to replace “C” and “Q” in Tagalog orthography (spelling system). Rizal found that this letter, which he adopted from the German spelling system, is crucial for the Tagalog language because the Spanish “C” and “Q” can create confusion

For instance, quinatay or “killed” may create confusion in its pronunciation. Soon enough, other members of the propaganda movement followed suit and was later on adopted by the Katipuneros who painted their flags with “K”. Thanks to Rizal, it’s much easier to spell Tagalog words.

2. LOLO JOSE WAS A COMIC ARTIST Many regard Jose Rizal as the Father of Philippine Komiks because of his several sketches that resemble the comic strip archetype. This includes “The Monkey and the Turtle”, which is a popular fable he drew for Juan Luna’s wife as a souvenir. “The Baptism of R. Pfeiffer at Holy Cross Steinach” was one that he drew to play with the kids of Pastore Ulmer, his landlord in Heidelberg, Germany. Another one is “The Cure of the Bewitched” which is a critical study on “kulam” or folk magic. 3. THE RIZAL MONUMENT WAS A SUBJECT OF CRITICISM Richard Kissling’s Motto Stella also known as the Rizal monument in Luna was once not widely accepted by Filipinos. When it was first unveiled to the public on December 30, 1913, local papers made fun of it because of its bland look. It was even made into a caricature to ridicule its dull appearance when compared to the grand-prize winning design by Carlo Nicoli. It only placed 2nd in the design competition intended for the creation of the monument. 4. JOSE RIZAL USED MARIJUANA When he was 18 years old, Rizal took hashish, a drug made from cannabis or marijuana. His use of hashish, however, does not mean that he was a drug addict. During his time, hallucinogenic herbs like marijuana was used as an over-the-counter medicine. 5. ANIMAL SPECIES WERE NAMED AFTER HIM His free time while in exile at Dapitan afforded him the chance to collect unique species of animals. His free time while in exile at Dapitan afforded him the chance to collect unique species of animals. Three of his collections were later named after him: Rhacophorus Rizali (a toad), Draco Rizali (a flying lizard), and Apogonia Rizali (a small beetle). 6. RIZAL DEVELOPED A BOARD GAME Rizal serves as proof that a national hero also spends time for leisure and fun. While exiled in Dapitan, he developed a fortune-telling game called Haec Est Sibylla Cumana, or simply, “Sibylla Cumana”. It is named after a fortune teller in Greco-Roman mythology. The game consists of a spinning top and a booklet. It is played by choosing a question, then spinning the top to get a corresponding answer. The random answer can be quirky, funny, or even creepy. 7. THERE IS NO PROOF THAT RIZAL WROTE “SA AKING MGA KABATA” The oft-quoted line during Buwan ng Wika that says “Ang di magmahal sa sariling wika ay masahol pa sa hayop o malansang isda,” is not actually from Jose Rizal. Recent studies proved that there has never been solid evidence to confirm that Rizal wrote the poem. According to Ambeth Ocampo, there are three compelling reasons why it’s hard to believe he wrote the poem: 1. There’s no original manuscript of the poem with Rizal’s own writing. 2. The use of letter “K” for the word Kalayaan in the poem is anachronistic. Tagalog still used “C” and “Q” back in 1869 when Rizal allegedly wrote the poem. 3. The word “kalayaan” used twice in the poem is a neologism that Rizal only learned when he was 21 years old.

It is a very simple code that has been deciphered by historians. In plain language, it reads: “ To my unforgettable and dearest lover I dedicate this picture. Your devoted Taimis. ” Taimis is the codename that Rivera used to refer to herself in her letters to Rizal. This immediately posits at least three things. First, that Rivera and Rizal were cousins. Second, that they had a love affair. Third, that they kept their love affair secret (They used secret codes and codenames for each other in their letters). Leonor Rivera was born on April 11, 1867 to Antonio Rivera and Silvestre Bauzon. She was six years younger than Rizal. Antonio Rivera and Francisco Mercado (Rizal’s father) were cousins, making Rizal and Rivera second or third cousins. The Riveras were an upper-class family at the time, and, who, like the Rizals, were also part of the landed elite. In that period in the Philippines, you had to be well-connected to the government and the Catholic Church to become as wealthy as the Riveras and the Rizals—a crucial issue that later played a role in ending the engagement of the two flames. (In 1891, after Rizal published his second novel, the Rizals were evicted from the friar estates or haciendas they controlled.) According to historian Austin Coates, Rivera was attractive, hand soft, wavy hair, engaging dimples, and a captivating singing voice. She was intelligent and knew how to play the piano. She was reserved and soft-spoken, which, according to Rizal are ideal characteristics of a woman. Such was Rizal’s idealization of Leonor that he immortalized her as Maria Clara in his two novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. Rivera studied at the Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepcion de la Concordia, more commonly known as Colegio de la Concordia or simply La Concordia. It was the same school where Rizal’s sisters attended. Rizal was already in his second year of studying Medicine at the University of Santo Tomas in Intramuros when he met Rivera. He was a boarder at the house of Rivera’s parents. According to Filipino historian Ambeth Ocampo, Rizal and Rivera met in 1880 and got engaged in the same year. He was 19, she was 13. Many people today would raise eyebrows at this very early engagement. How many parents would allow a prepubescent child to enter a relationship, more so get engaged to a teenage cousin who had not even finished school? How do you define Rizal’s family? The Rizal Family The Rizal family was considered as one of the most respected and well known families at their time. The Rizal Family were wealthy and this explains why Jose Rizal afforded to travel and to study abroad. Jose Rizal's father was born in Binan, Laguna, he was the youngest of 13 children. His parents had Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, Malay and Negrito blood. Teodora Alonzo, Jose Rizal's mother was born in Sta. Cruz, Manila and was very religious and was a very business minded woman. They had 11 children: .Saturnina .Paciano .Narcisa .Olimpia .Lucia .Maria .Jose

. Concepsion .Josefa

.Trinidad .Soledad The Rizal surname was obtained by Francisco Mercado as suggested by the provincial governor since all native Filipinos and immigrants were required to adopt a Spanish surname. Jose used the surname Rizal although his family didn't really recognize the Rizal surname because he was forced to drop his other three names the made his full names due to his notorious brother Paciano. Why Rizal family is rich family? The Principalia One of the key reasons the Rizal family was wealthy was because its lineage, both maternal and paternal, can be traced to principalian roots. The principalia was a class of Filipinos who were considered nobility during the Spanish occupation. The original principalias were the ex-datus, who cooperated with the Spanish in subjugating their former subjects. They were rewarded with government positions as gobernadorcillos (mayor) and cabezas de barangay (town chief). Not everyone could be a member of the principalia, because the status was hereditary – including the government positions they held. They were tasked with collecting tributes and taxes, which they used to enrich their families. The heads of the family and their eldest sons were exempted from taxes, conscription, and forced labor. When the concept of land ownership was introduced by the Spanish, the principalia took advantage of it by claiming that agricultural land was their private property (when in fact it was their subjects’ lands or public lands), which they then sold to the state. They also reinforced their political power by selling and donating lands to the friars, which became the infamous friar estates. Despite Spanish reforms removing the dynastic nature of the offices of the gobernadorcillo and cabeza de barangay and introducing elections, the principalia maintained their influence and power because they were the only ones who were allowed to vote. This allowed them to pass down their wealth, influence, and positions in government to their kin, resulting in generations of wealthy Filipinos, including the family of the national hero. What was the main goal of propaganda movement? The main goals of the Propaganda Movement was to create reforms in the Philippines. Students, who created the movement, wanted the Philippines to be acknowledged as a province of Spain and to be represented in the Spanish Cortes. What were the activities of Rizal in Dapitan and their impact? Rizal devoted much effort in dapitan He tilled the soil and planted rice, corn, abaca and many fruit trees. He practiced his profession as physician and eye sorgeon. constructed residential and little hospital houses. He also assisted to the beautification of the public square. Execution of Rizal.

Documentary in Rizal, Summaries of English Language

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