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Driver/ Operator Pumper
Water - correct answer - most commonly used extinguishing agent
- noncombustible
- absorbs large amounts of heat Waters Boiling Point - correct answer 212° F Waters freezing point - correct answer 32°F Waters Expansion Rate - correct answer 1,700 to 1 at 500° F Law of Specific Heat - correct answer Measures the ability of any substance to absorb heat Measured in BTUs (British Thermal Units) 1 BTU = the amount of heat required to raise 1lb of water 1°F Law of Latent Heat of Vaporization - correct answer The amount of heat needed to turn a liquid into a vapor 1 BTU to raise 1lb of water 1 degree up to 212° F Adjustable Fog Nozzle - correct answer Straight Stream Narrow Fog Wide Fog All 3 discharge at a rate of 100 gpm
The wider the pattern, the shorter the time span to fill a room with steam. Advantages of Water - correct answer 1. Can absorb large amounts of heat
- As surface area increases, heat absorption increases
- Water is plentiful in most areas
- Steam occupies 1,700 times its original volume as water Disadvantages of Water - correct answer 1. High surface tension limits its penetration into dense materials
- Incompatible with or reactive to certain fuels and combustible materials
- Ice makes roofs and ladders slippery and can make equipment malfunction
- Conducts electricity and makes work with energized electrical equipment dangerous Water Pressure - correct answer The force of water per unit area PSI - correct answer pounds per square inch The elevation of water defines psi Column of water = 1 in x 1 in x 12 in = 0.434 psi Height determines psi 6 Characteristics of Water - correct answer BED PAD Bottom Equal Depth
Atmospheric Pressure - correct answer The pressure the atmosphere experts on earth Sea level = 14.7 psi Pounds Per Square Inch Gauge - correct answer PSIG Shows with atmospheric pressure included in the reading Pounds Per Square Inch Absolute - correct answer PSIA The atmospheric pressure is included, so 14.7 should be subtracted from the overall reading to obtain the true pressure Head Pressure - correct answer Based on the force created by the height of a water supply above the discharge point To calculate = divide the head height by 2. Static Pressure - correct answer available pressure at a discharge point without water flowing Residual Pressure - correct answer water pressure in a distribution system that is still available when a hydrant is flowing Flow Pressure - correct answer the forward velocity of water at the discharge point Measured in a pitot tube and gauge If diameter of the discharge point is known, the gpm can be calculated
Normal Operating Pressure - correct answer water pressure in a distribution system during regular consumption without any hydrants flowing Friction Loss - correct answer The pressure lost that occurs between the pump and the nozzle due to hose length and diameter Reasons for Friction Loss - correct answer 1. Control Valves
- Hose and Coupling
- Bends
- Kinks
- Adapters
- Nozzle
- In Line Gauge Control Valves - correct answer Water molecules run against the inside surface of the valves Hose and Coupling - correct answer The smoother the hose lining the less the loss Water molecules run against couplings Bend - correct answer Water flow is forced to change direction Kink - correct answer Sharp bends that restrict the flow of water Adapter - correct answer Devices used to split, combine, or support the addition and reduction of hoselines Nozzles - correct answer Minimal friction loss to the total step
- Use a large diameter hose as safely as possible (ie: 3 inch hardline)
- keep hose length as short as possible All are TRUE about friction loss EXCEPT - correct answer As hose length increases, friction loss decreases Municipal Water Supply - correct answer - Surface water
- Ground water Primer Control - correct answer Used to operate the priming device when drafting from a static source Water Tank Level Indicator - correct answer Displays the amount of water remaining in the internal water tank Intake Pressure Gauge - correct answer Measures positive pressure (0-600 psi) Can also measure negative pressure (0-30 inches of vacuum) during pruning operations May also be referred to as a compound or vacuum gauge Discharge Pressure Gauge - correct answer Measures the pump discharge pressure before it reaches the individual lines Reads between 0 and 699 psi or higher Pump Overheat Gauge - correct answer Critical indicator of effective pumping operations 2 Discharge Gaguges - correct answer indicate discharge pressure for each individual line Tachometer - correct answer reports the engine rpm
useful indicator in troubleshooting engine or pump deterioration Engine Oil Pressure Gauge - correct answer critical indicator for efficient operation of the engine Engine Coolant Temperature Gauge - correct answer reports temperature in degrees Fahrenheit Engine Fuel Gauge - correct answer critical indicate for the driver/ operator to evaluate during prolonged pumping operations Engine Throttle - correct answer used to change the speed of the engine, thus affecting discharge pressure accordingly Voltmeter Gauge - correct answer measure of the integrity of the electrical supply system 4 Types of Pump Panels - correct answer 1. Side Mounted
- Top Mounted
- Front Mounted
- Rear Mounted 2 Different Pump Drives - correct answer 1. Power Take Off (PTO)
- Midship Transfer Drive Power Take Off Pump Drive - correct answer the pump is driven by a shaft that's connected to the PTO on the transmission may be used for pumps mounted on the front, miship, or rear of the apparatus most commonly used on initial attack, wildland, and mobile water supply apparatus
powered by PTO systems can be used for pump and roll operations Disadvantage of front mounted pumps - correct answer more susceptible to freezing in cold climates more vulnerable to damage if involved in a front end collision Midship Mounted Pumps - correct answer most common type of pump can be powered by PTO or midship transfer drive better insulation and protection because they're internally mounted pump panel may be mounted on the side or top Rear Mounted Pump - correct answer become increasingly popular can be powered by PTO or Midship transfer drive Advantages of a rear mounted pump - correct answer help to more evenly distribute the overall weight on the chassis more compartment space for tools/ equipment PTO Pump- stationary operation (Automatic) - correct answer 1. Position the apparatus
- Place transmission in neutral
- Set the parking brake
- Operate PTO control
- Place transmission in recommended gear
- Chock wheels PTO Pump - Stationary operation (Manual) - correct answer 1. Position the apparatus
- Disengage the clutch and hold
- Apply parking brake
- Place the transmission in neutral
- Operate PTO control
- Place transmission in the appropriate gear
- Engage clutch slowly
- Chock the wheels PTO Pump - Pump and Roll (Automatic) - correct answer 1. Place transmission in neutral
- Operate PTO control
- Place the transmission in the recommended gear PTO Pump - Pump and Roll (Manual) - correct answer 1. Disengage the clutch and hold
- Place the transmission in neutral
- Operate PTO control
- Place transmission in recommended gear
- Engage clutch slowly Disengaging PTO Pump - correct answer 1. reduce engine speed to idle Manual
- disengage clutch
- transmission to neutral
- pump drive shuts down
- disengage pump shift control on a pump and roll operation with a manual transmission, after operating the PTO and placing the transmission in the recommended gear, you must... - correct answer reengage clutch slowly Pumping From Tanks - correct answer 1. Make the pump operational
- Open the tank to pump valve
- set the transfer valve based on you rdepratment's policies (if using multi stage pump)
- increase engine rpm
- monitor gauges
- determine best approach to prevent the pump form overheating
- open the discharge valve slowly
- set the pressure relief valve or the governor Pumping From Hydrants - correct answer 1. engage the pump
- make connections to the hydrant
- open pump intake
- if using multi stage pump - set transfer valve based on deprtment's policies
- increase engine rpm
- monitor gauges
- determine best approach to prevent pump from overheating
- open discharge slowly
- set pressure relief valve or gevernor Pumping From Static Sources - correct answer 1. select the desired drafting site and position the apparatus
- ensure the hard intake hose and strainer are free of debris, connection are airtight, and the intake hose is properly placed and secured in the water source
- engage the priming device
- engage the fire pump
- if the pump is multi stage, ensure that the transfer valve is in the parallel/ volume position for drafting
- once a steady stream of water from the priming device is achieved (30-45 sec), increase the throttle slowly
- set the pressure relief valve or the governor Water Source - correct answer the pumper provides water to mix with the foam concentrate In Line Foam Eductor - correct answer drafts the foam into the water stream by running the water through a restricted opening to create a pressure differential Things to remember about in line foam eductors - correct answer 1. The pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet of the eductor must be at least 30% or no suction occurs
- water must enter the eductor at the eductpr's rated pressure (150-200 psi) or the foam concentration will be incorrect
- the distance between the bottom of the foam concentrate container and the eductor must be less than 6 feet
- eductor gpm and nozzle gpm should have the same rating otherwise, the foam mixture will be insuffucuent types of portable foam proprtioners - correct answer 1. in line foam educators
- foam nozzle eductors
- self educting master stream nozzle Foam Works By - correct answer 1. separating the fuel from the fire
- Cooling the fire
- Smothering the fire by stopping the release of flammable vapors Class A Foams - correct answer designed for class a fires
fast drainage dry class a foam - correct answer low water/ high air adheres to vertical surfaces better slow drainage Class A fires - correct answer involve carbon based materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and plastics ordinary combustible materials Class B fires - correct answer involves flammable and combustible liquids that require the use of alcohol resistant foam (comonly called polar solvent foam) Nozzle Aeration - correct answer produces a blanket of foam with uniform bubbles Fog Nozzles are best used to aerate - correct answer class a and some class b foams, including AFFF, but flow is reduced compared to water Fog Nozzles should NOT be used on - correct answer polar solvents because they don't provide enough aeration Aspiration Foam Nozzles - correct answer draft air through a restricted opening, providing max expansion of the agent Batch Mixing - correct answer the simplest foam stream system involves 5 gal buckets of foam concentrate poured directly into the water tank of the pumper
Pre Mixing - correct answer common process pre measured portions of water and foam concentrate are mixed in a container In Line Eductor - correct answer mounted - uses the same principles as a portable educator, except the components are a permanent part of the apparatus Around The Pump Proportioner - correct answer one of the most common types of apparatus mounted foam stream systems in use today uses water that flows off the fire pump and through a small return water line containing an in line eductor Bypass Balanced Pressure Proportioner - correct answer one of the most accurate apparatus mounted foam stream systems normally found on crash and industrial fire fighting apparatus foam concentrate is suppied to each independent discharge line on the apparatus throught the use of a separate foam pump Variable Flow Variable Rate Injection System - correct answer operates off of an electric, hydraulic, or combination of electiv/hydraulic positive displacement foam concentrate pump the pump injects concentrate directly into the fire pump piping before any manifold or discharge piping regardless of water flow gpm or psi variable flow demand type balanced pressure proportioner - correct answer also called the pump/demand system very versatile
- attach the eductor input to a hose that can flow the rated capacity of the eductor
- attach the eductor discharge to a hose that can flow the rated capacity of the eductor and a nozzle that matches the rated capacity of the eductor
- prepare sufficient foam concentrate for the anticipated duration of the application
- place the eductor suction hose into the concentrate, ensuring that the bottom of the concentrate container is no more than 6 feet below the eductor intake
- increase water discharge pressure required for the eductor until foam is flowing 3 methods for applying foam - correct answer rain down bank down roll on rain down method - correct answer sweep the foam stream above the incident and allow it to float down to the sirface of the fuel may be used on above ground storage tank fires, fuel spills, vehicle fires, and when the other two methods can't be used Bank down method - correct answer direct the foam stream onto the sides of an object and allow the stream to run down onto the sirface of the fuel source can only be used when the fuel source is around an elevated object Roll On Method - correct answer direct the foam along the front edge of the fuel and allow the stream to roll across the surface of the pool until the pool is covered or the fire is extinguished primarily used on liquid fuel ground incidents operating a typical installed foam proportioning system - correct answer 1. Follow in cab pump procedures
- Follow manufacturers directions for activating the foam system
- Adjust foam metering valve to the desired flow rate
- Open Tank to pump valve if applicable
- Open foam induction control knob
- Activate foam isolation valve switch
- Set throttle to desired discharge pressure
- Monitor gauges
- Operate a dump line so the pump doesn't overheat
- Open discharges as required
- Set pressure relief valve/ governor Entire process for foam operation - correct answer 1. Position the apparatus
- Transmission in neutral
- Set parking brake
- Operate pump shift control to transfer power from the drive wheels to the pump
- Place transmission in the recommended gear and lock shifter into place
- Depress accelerator
- Chock wheels
- Make connections to the hydrant
- Open pump intake
- If using multi stage pump - set transfer valve
- Increase engine rpm
- Follow manufacturers directions for activating foam system
- Adjust foam metering valve to desired flow rate
- Open tank to pump valve
- Open foam induction control knob
- Activate foam isolation valve switch
- Set throttle
- Monitor gauges
- Operate dump line so pump doesn't overheat
- Open discharge valve slowly
- Set pressure relief valve
