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EDKP 391: Chapter 12 Respiratory System Test with Complete Solutions, Exams of Advanced Education

Princeton UniversityAdvanced Education

A comprehensive set of questions and answers related to chapter 12 of edkp 391, focusing on the respiratory system. It covers key concepts such as ambient air filtration, gas exchange in the alveoli, lung volumes, the mechanics of breathing, surfactant function, and dynamic lung volumes. The material also delves into fick's law of diffusion, ventilation-perfusion ratios, hyperventilation, dyspnea, and the valsalva maneuver, offering a detailed review of respiratory physiology and its response to exercise. This resource is designed to test and reinforce understanding of the respiratory system's structure, function, and adaptations.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 07/10/2025

Prof-Cornel
Prof-Cornel 🇺🇸

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EDKP 391 Chapter 12 Test With
Complete Solution
Where is ambient air filtered and humidified? - Answer The trachea
O2 transfers from alveolar air into where? - Answer Alveolar capillary blood
How heavy is an average sized lung? - Answer 1kg
How much volume can an average size lung hold? - Answer 4 to 6 L
What provides the surface for gas exchange between lung tissue and blood? - Answer
600 million alveoli
Alveoli and which kind of blood vessel lie side by side with thin surfaces to facilitate gas
exchange? - Answer Capillaries
Within the alveoli, what are the Pores of Kohn? - Answer They evenly disperse
surfactant over respiratory membranes to reduce surface tension for easier alveolar
inflation
Each minute at rest, (...) O2 leave the alveoli and enter the blood, while in exchange (...)
CO2 diffuse in opposite direction - Answer 250 mL and 200 mL
During inspiration the diaphragm moves (...), while during expiration the diaphragm
moves (...) - Answer Down and up
What are the Ventilatory Subdivision? - Answer -Conducting Zones
-Transitional and Respiratory Zones
Where is the conducting zone located? - Answer The trachea and terminal bronchioles
(anything that starts with bronch)
What is the function of the conducting zone? - Answer -Air transport
-Humidification
-Warming
-Particle filtration
-Vocalization
-Immunoglobulin secretion
Where are the transitional and respiratory zones? - Answer Bronchioles, alveoli and
alveolar duct
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Download EDKP 391: Chapter 12 Respiratory System Test with Complete Solutions and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!

EDKP 391 Chapter 12 Test With

Complete Solution

Where is ambient air filtered and humidified? - Answer The trachea O2 transfers from alveolar air into where? - Answer Alveolar capillary blood How heavy is an average sized lung? - Answer 1kg How much volume can an average size lung hold? - Answer 4 to 6 L What provides the surface for gas exchange between lung tissue and blood? - Answer 600 million alveoli Alveoli and which kind of blood vessel lie side by side with thin surfaces to facilitate gas exchange? - Answer Capillaries Within the alveoli, what are the Pores of Kohn? - Answer They evenly disperse surfactant over respiratory membranes to reduce surface tension for easier alveolar inflation Each minute at rest, (...) O2 leave the alveoli and enter the blood, while in exchange (...) CO2 diffuse in opposite direction - Answer 250 mL and 200 mL During inspiration the diaphragm moves (...), while during expiration the diaphragm moves (...) - Answer Down and up What are the Ventilatory Subdivision? - Answer -Conducting Zones -Transitional and Respiratory Zones Where is the conducting zone located? - Answer The trachea and terminal bronchioles (anything that starts with bronch) What is the function of the conducting zone? - Answer -Air transport -Humidification -Warming -Particle filtration -Vocalization -Immunoglobulin secretion Where are the transitional and respiratory zones? - Answer Bronchioles, alveoli and alveolar duct

What are the functions of the transitional and respiratory zones? - Answer -Gas exchange -Surfactant production -Molecule activation and inactivation -Blood clotting regulation -Endocrine function What is Fick's Law of Diffusion? - Answer The rate of transfer of gas is proportional to the area available for transfer and the gas tension difference; it is inversely proportional to the tissue thickness. Do the lungs adhere to the chest's movement or the other way around? - Answer The lungs adhere to the chest wall due to the pressure differential between air in the lungs and lung-chest wall interface. What are the four phases of inspiration? - Answer 1. Diaphragm conracts and descends into the abdomen

  1. Chest cavity expands (intrapulmonic pressure decreases slightly below atmospheric pressure)
  2. Lungs inflate as nose and mouth suck in air
  3. Thoracic cavity expansion ceases; leads to equality between intrapulmonic and ambient atmospheric pressures What are the two phases of expiration? - Answer 1. Sternum and ribs drop while the diaphragm rises (Decreasing chest cavity volume and compressing alveolar gas)
  4. Ends when expiratory muscles relax (intrapulmonic pressure returns to atmospheric pressure) What is a surfactant? - Answer It is a "wetting agent", a lipoprotein mixture What makes up surfactant? - Answer Proteins, phospholipids and calcium ions What is the function of surfactant? - Answer Reduces surface tension How is surfactant beneficial for alveolar inflation and deflation? - Answer It reduces the energy required What would happen if we didn't have any surfactant? - Answer Atelectesis (our small alveoli would collapse) What is tidal volume? - Answer Air that is moved through the inspiratory or expiratory

What leads to men having a greater lung capacity compared to women? - Answer -Smaller lung size -Smaller airway -A smaller diffusion surface -Lower static and dynamic lung function measures What do dynamic lung function tests indicate? - Answer The severity of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases, but it does not provide much information on aerobic fitness or exercise performance when values fall in the normal range What are the two ways of looking at Pulmonary Ventilation? - Answer 1. Volume of air moved into or out of the respiratory tract each minute 2.Air volume that ventilates only alveolar chambers each minute What is Minute Ventilation (Ve)? - Answer The volume of air breathed each minute What is the formula for Minute Ventilation (VE)? - Answer Ve=Breathing Rate x Tidal Volume Tidal Volume rarely exceeds (...) of Vital Capacity - Answer 60% What is Alveolar Ventilation? - Answer The portion of inspired air reaching the alveoli and participating in gas exchange (350 out of 500 mL) What is anatomic dead space? - Answer Air in each breath that does not enter alveoli and participate in gas exchange (about 150 to 200 mL) What happens to Breathing Rate, Tidal Volume and Pulmonary Ventilation when exercise intensity increases? - Answer They go up in frequency for BR, and up in volume for TV and PV When does Anatomic dead space increase? - Answer When TV becomes larger; ex during sleep, deep breathing and stretching What is the Ventilation-Perfusion (V-P) Ratio? - Answer The ratio of alveolar ventilation to pulmonary blood flow 4.2 L of air ventilates alveoli each minute at rest and 5.0 L of blood flows through pulmonary capillaries each minute, what is the average V-P ratio? - Answer 0.84, an alveolar ventilation of 0.84 L matches each liter of pulmonary blood flow During light exercise the V-P ratio remains around 0.8 L, but during intense exercise the V-P ratio increases to (...) - Answer 5.0 L What is Physiologic Dead Space? - Answer The portion of the alveolar volume with a ventilation-perfusion ratio that approaches zero

Why would alveoli not function adequately in gas exchange? - Answer -Underperfusion of blood -Inadequate ventilation relative to alveolar surface When does adequate gas exchange become impossible? - Answer When physiologic dead space of the lung exceeds 60% How can you increase alveolar ventilation in physical activity? - Answer Increasing the rate and depth of your breathing What is Hyperventilation? - Answer Increase in pulmonary ventilation that exceeds the oxygen consumption and CO2 elimination needs of metabolism What is Dyspnea - Answer Inordinate shortness of breath or subjective breathing distress What is the Valsalva Maneuver? - Answer Exhaling forcibly with the glottis (throat) and nose closed What are the consequences of performing an extended Valsalva Maneuver? - Answer -Reduces venous return -Reduces arterial blood pressure -Diminishes brain's blood supply (precursor to dizziness and fainting) -Blood flow reestablishes with an "overshoot" in arterial blood pressure How does the Valsalva Maneuver reduce return of blood to the heart? - Answer Increased intrathoracic pressure collapses inferior vena cava that runs through the chest cavity How is the respiratory tract affected by cold weather? - Answer It loses considerable water and heat, especially during strenuous exercise. This can lead to dehydration, burning and general irritation of the respiratory passages. Breathing cold ambient air normally (...) damage respiratory passages - Answer Does not