Analyzing Student Development and Learning Theories in Educational Videos, Papers of Educational Psychology

This document analyzes four educational videos showcasing different age groups and learning activities. It examines student development through the lens of piaget's cognitive stages, erikson's psychosocial stages, and vygotsky's sociocultural theory. The document also explores various learning theories, including bandura's social learning theory and social constructivism, highlighting their application in the videos. It provides insights into how teachers can utilize these theories to create effective learning environments.

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2022/2023

Uploaded on 01/07/2025

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Task 1
Video One:
Video: “Observing and measuring the weather”
Case: 53
The students are between seven and eight years old. They are in the second grade and
there are twenty students in the classroom. The students used quite a bit of new
language in the video therefore I will be focusing on the developmental stage of
Cognitive. Based on the children’s age they are in the concrete operational stage as
stated by Piaget. The students are beginning to show logical thought. They also are
more organized about their way of thinking have reasoning for why things are the way
they are. In the video the students were assigned to groups and given different jobs.
One job was to record the temperature it was outside. One of the children noticed that
the temperature was reading lower on the thermometer that is kept outside from the one
that they were holding in their hands. The teacher asked the student some open-ended
questions about why that could be. The response was that the thermometer outside was
out there a lot longer than the one that was taken outside so it had more time to read
accurately. The learning theory that I found most pronounces was Bandura’s Social
Learning Theory. It emphasized the importance of observing, modeling and imitating.
The teacher followed modeled this learning theory by allowing children to see how to
check the temperatures and then by having them do it themselves. She also scaffolded
the learning by building on the knowledge they already had about the weather and
introducing new information. The new information being the tools and how they are
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Task 1 Video One: Video: “Observing and measuring the weather” Case: 53 The students are between seven and eight years old. They are in the second grade and there are twenty students in the classroom. The students used quite a bit of new language in the video therefore I will be focusing on the developmental stage of Cognitive. Based on the children’s age they are in the concrete operational stage as stated by Piaget. The students are beginning to show logical thought. They also are more organized about their way of thinking have reasoning for why things are the way they are. In the video the students were assigned to groups and given different jobs. One job was to record the temperature it was outside. One of the children noticed that the temperature was reading lower on the thermometer that is kept outside from the one that they were holding in their hands. The teacher asked the student some open-ended questions about why that could be. The response was that the thermometer outside was out there a lot longer than the one that was taken outside so it had more time to read accurately. The learning theory that I found most pronounces was Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. It emphasized the importance of observing, modeling and imitating. The teacher followed modeled this learning theory by allowing children to see how to check the temperatures and then by having them do it themselves. She also scaffolded the learning by building on the knowledge they already had about the weather and introducing new information. The new information being the tools and how they are

used. I believe the teacher did a great job at getting the children to think independently. She asked them questions and allowed them to reach their own conclusions and if it was incorrect, she helped guide them to the correct response without giving too much away. Video Two: Video: “Analyzing social issues in small group book club discussions” Case: 520 The students are roughly between the ages of twelve and fifteen, they are in the 7th^ and 8 th^ grade. There are 31 students in the classroom. The students were tasked with analyzing social issues during small group discussion. They were broken up into small groups of three to four students. The assignment was to read a story and discuss the social issues that are exhibited in each. The first group read two stories about drunk driving and created questions to ask each other about them. One question that was asked was “How do you think your family would feel if it was you? If you were the owe who was killed? If you were the one who killed?” (ATLAS "Analyzing Social Issues in Small Group Book Club Discussions", n.d.). The second group read about a girl who was having trouble at home because of the confines of her religion and how it affected her. They talked a lot about teenage rebellion and how she was trying to be who she was and how home life inhibited that. The third group talked racism and how it was normal for “white people to do whatever they wanted” (ATLAS "Analyzing Social Issues in Small Group Book Club Discussions", n.d.).

with each group. She joined each discussion without interrupting them. While the students were communicating, she would intercede only when they were lost for the words they were trying to find. She allowed them to reach their own conclusions and then just built on them. Video Three: Video: “Comparing “Death of a Moth” by Annie Dillard and “The Death of the Moth” by Virginia Woolf in a Student- Led Discussion” Case: The students are between the ages of fifteen and seventeen years old. They are in the 11 th^ and 12th^ grade, and there is one student in the 10th^ grade. There are a total of 27 students in the class. I chose to focus on the cognitive aspect of the video. As Piaget would point out the children were able to create own meaning of what the two authors were trying to convey because they have built on knowledge that they already had. Piaget believed that you cannot give a person information and expect them to be an expert on the information. The truth is that knowledge is built on experiences, and you cannot know what you have not experienced. The assignment that the students were working on was to compare two versions of “The Death of a Moth” (ATLAS "Comparing"Death of a Moth" by Annie Dillard and "The Death of the Moth" by Virginia Woolf in a student-led discussion", 2011-2022) and they did this in the format of having a large group discussion. Piaget believed in there being four stages of cognitive development, and it is my understanding

that the students were at the fourth stage which is Formal operational stage. At this stage children begin to think abstractly and form deductive reasoning. As the class was discussing the differences between the two works of literature, they seemed to all come to a consensus about Virginia Woolf. They decided almost entirely that she thought life was such a pointless thing. One student pointed out that Woolf ended up committing suicide and surrendered herself to nature. Another student at the end of the video expressed that there was another path that Woolf could have chosen and that was to go outside, since a lot of her “The Death of a Moth” was talking about feeling confined (ATLAS "Comparing"Death of a Moth" by Annie Dillard and "The Death of the Moth" by Virginia Woolf in a student-led discussion", 2011-2022). The strategy that the teacher used in the lesson was response-based instruction. This strategy especially in the format of large group discussion allows for each student’s perspective to be heard and respected. The way that it was implemented in the activity was by using the “popcorn technique” (ATLAS "Comparing"Death of a Moth" by Annie Dillard and "The Death of the Moth" by Virginia Woolf in a student-led discussion", 2011-2022) which allowed students to say what they had to say and then choose the next person to speak. This strategy aligns with Vygotsky’s Theory of sociocultural development, which believes that students learn through social interaction. In the teacher having the class do a large group discussion it allowed for them to bounce ideas off each other and come to conclusions on the differences between the two works of literature. Video Four:

analogy first before they did it on their own. They also interacted socially when they were given the directive to discuss with their partner to come up with the answer to the analogy on the board. Another instance that supports the use of this learning theory is that the teacher used the strategy of scaffolding and built on old knowledge that the students already had to make new connections. It is important for teachers to understand psychology and human development because it will allow them to have a deeper understanding of what level each student is at and what is or is not too challenging for them. An example would be that if you were analyzing texts, you wouldn’t give a 3rd^ grader a high school text and expect them to give you a ten-page summary of the text and how the other and how the author felt and why he they wrote it. Understanding the differences in developmental levels of individual students is important because if the student is not at the level, they should be then you would have to make accommodations for them. Sometimes the student may be a little behind developmentally and you may have to allow extra time for them to complete the task and give them extra support. It is true the other way as well if they student is more advanced you may have to make the assignment more challenging for them. My understanding of learning theories will help me the future by allowing me to take ideas from each theorist and use them in my classroom. I think that the learning theory that I will be using the most is social constructivism. I am a strong believer in collaboration and the students having some sort of say in the way they will be learning. There will be a lot of hands-on activities when it is possible to allow them to learn from

experience. I will have in class discussions both small and large where we can voice our views on the topics.

Works Cited