Electric circuit chapter 1, Lecture notes of Electronics

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Module 01

Introduction to Electric Circuit Fundamentals.

What is Engineering?

“The purposeful use of science (and mathematics!)”

 An engineer’s goal is to solve problems.

 Thus, an engineer needs to learn to solve problems.

What is Electrical Engineering?

Processing of Energy or Information

 Power generation & distribution  Electromagnetics  Etc.  Computers  Communications  Control systems  Signal processing  Image processing  Etc.

Review of Electric Circuit Fundamentals.

Charge, ࢗ = ૚. ૟  ૚૙ ି ૚ૢ ܛ܊ܕܗܔܝܗ܋ (܋) Charge, ࢗ = −૚. ૟  ૚૙ ି ૚ૢ ܛ܊ܕܗܔܝܗ܋ (܋)

Electric Potential (Voltage)

Where

v = voltage in volts (V)

w = energy in joules (J)

q = charge in coulombs(C)

Polarity

Magnitude

Ground

 A node in the circuit arbitrarily chosen as a reference node.

Power & Energy

Where

p = power in watts (W)

v = voltage in volts (V)

i = current in amperes (A)

Source (Active) & Load (Passive)

Sign Convention for Power

Circuit Terminology

 A node is a point where two or more circuit elements are connected.  A loop is any closed path in the circuit.  Mesh is a loop not containing any loops.  Element is an object to which two or more wires (leads) are connected.

Kirchhoff’s Law

2) Kirchhoff’s Current Law ( KCL )

 Conservation of charge

௡௢ௗ௘

1) Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law ( KVL )

 Conservation of energy

௟௢௢௣

Review

Element Label Type of Element (Passive/Active)? Absorbs Power (+) / Delivers Power (-)? a Passive +10 mW b Active - 3 mW c Passive +14 mW d Passive + 9 mW e Active - 100 mW f Passive + 40 mV g Active - 6 mW h Passive + 36 mW

Review

Element Label Type of Element (Passive/Active)? Absorbs Power (+) / Delivers Power (-)? a Passive +10 mW b Active - 3 mW c Passive +14 mW d Passive + 9 mW e Active - 100 mW f Passive + 40 mV g Active - 6 mW h Passive + 36 mW