Electromagnetic induction, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Physical education

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PHYSICS

INVESTIGATORY

PROJECT

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.2,OTA GAYA

Prepared by :

ANURAG KUMAR

CLASS:12 ‘A’

SESSION:

TOPIC:ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

Content

Table of 02 Introduction 03 Principle 04 Theory 05 Apparatus required 06 Law 07 Biblography 08 Aim Conclusion 01

ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to express a deep sense of thanks and gratitude to my physics teacher, Shri Sanjay Kumar Srivastava sir for guiding me immensely through the course of the project. His constructive advice & constant motivation have been responsible for the successful completion of his project. My sincere thank goes to our principal sir for his co- ordination in extending every possible support for the completion of this project. I must thanks to my classmates for their timely help and support for completion of this project. Last but not the least, I would like to thank all those who had helped directly or indirectly towards the completion of this project.

“ TO DETERMINE

THE FARADAY’S

LAW OF

ELECTROMAGNETIC

INDUCTION

USING A

COPPER WIRE

WOUND

OVER AN

IRON ROD

AND A

STRONG

MAGNET. ”

AIM

technologies that improve our quality of life such as electric power generation, Faraday’s law has a great impact on many aspect Faraday’s law is the circuit of the experiments of the English chemist and physicist Michael Faraday. The concept of electromagnetic induction was actually discovered simultaneously in 1831 by Faraday in London and Joseph, an American scientist working in New York, but Faraday is credited for the law since he published his work first. An important aspect of the equation that qualifies Faraday’s law comes from the work of Heinrich Lenz, a Russian physicist who made his contribution to Faraday’s law, now known as Lenz’s law, in 1834 (Institute of Chemistry). Faraday’s law describes electromagnetic induction, whereby an electric field is induced, or generated, by a changing magnetic field. Before expanding upon this description, it is necessary to develop an understanding of the fields, as well as the related concept of potentials.

Faraday’s first experimental demonstration of electromagnetic induction (August 29, 1831), he wrapped two wires around opposite sides of an iron ring or “torus” (an arrangement similar to a modern toroidal transformer) to induce current. FARADAY FIRST EXPERIMENT: Some physicists have remarked that Faraday’s law is a single equation describing two different phenomena :- The motional EMF generated by a magnetic force on a moving wire (see Lorentz force), and the transformer EMF generated by an electric force due to a changing magnetic field (due to the Maxwell-Faraday equation). James Clerk Maxwell drew attention to this fact in his 1861 paper on physical lines of force. In this latter half part II of that paper, Maxwell gives a separate physical explanation for each of the two phenomena. A reference to these two aspects of electromagnetic induction is made in some modern textbooks

For a varying magnetic field, we first consider the magnetic flux through an infinitesimal area element dS, where we may condiser the field to be constan Where the line integral is taken over the boundary of the surface S, which is denoted dS From the definition of the magnetic vector potential A and the fundamental theorem of the curl, the magnetic flux may also be defined as

APPARATUS REQUIRED 1.Insulated copper wire 2.An iron rod 3.A strong magnet, and 4.A light emitting diode (LED)

The EMF on a wire loop is :-

Where 𝛁 is the curl operator and again E(r,t) is the electric

field and B(r,t) is the magnetic field. These fields can

generally be functions of position r and time t. The four

Maxwell’s equation (including the Maxwell-Faraday

equation), along with the Lorentz force law, are a sufficient

foundation to derive everything in classical

electromagnetism.

Therefore it is possible to “prove” Faraday’s law starting

with these equation. Faraday’s law could be taken as the

starting point and used to “prove” the Maxwell Faraday

equation and/or other laws.

where E is the electric field, B is the magnetic field (aka

magnetic flux density, magnetic induction), 𝒅𝒍 is an

infinitesimal arc length along the wire, and the line

integral is evaluated along the wire (along the curve the

coincident with the shape of the wire).

The Maxwell-Faraday equation states that a time-varying

magnetic field is always accompanied by a spatially-

varying, non-conservative electric fields, and vice-versa.

The Maxwell-Faraday equation is :-

CONCLUSION

Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed and published by Michael Faraday in the mid-nineteenth century, describes a very important electromagnetic concept. Although its mathematical representations are cryptic, the essence of Faraday’s is not hard to grasp : it relates an induced electric potential or voltage to a dynamic magnetic field. This concept has many far reaching ramifications that touch our lives in many ways : from the shining of the sun to the convenience of mobile communications, to electricity to power our homes. We can all appreciate the profound Faraday’s law has on us

THANK YOU