Ellipsis in Cohesion: A Comprehensive Analysis of Grammatical Structures, Slides of Translation Studies and History

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Ellipses in cohesion

presented by :jasmine kanaan

Ellipses: Deletion of

words, expressions or

phrases, is simply

“substitution by

• (^) It is referred to as something understood , where understood is used as “going without saying “

Substitution, reference and ellipses

Ellipses

Substitution

reference

• (^) Involve the same fundamental

relation between parts of a

text

(a relation between words or

groups or clauses )

• (^) A relation between meanings

examples

Ellipses

Would you like to hear another verse? I

know twelve more

And how many hours a day did you do

lessons? said Alice, in a hurry to

change the subject.

“ten hours the first day “said the mock

turtle “nine the next”

Ellipses has an anaphoric relation

• (^) Occasionally the

presupposition in

an elliptical

structure may be

exophoric.

• (^) If a house wife on

seeing the

milkman

approach calls out

Two please! (She

is using exophoric

ellipsis , context

of situation)

Types of

ellipses:

Nominal ellipses

Verbal ellipses

Clausal ellipses

1 2 3

1.Nominal Ellipses: Ellipses within the nominal group

• (^) Head+ optional modification
• (^) (Premodifiers) + Head + (Postmodifier)
• (^) Those two fast electric (post) trains (h) with

pantographs(pre).

• (^) The modifier is combined with :deictic (determiner)+

numerative (numeral or other quantifier) +epithet

(Adj)+classifier(N) +qualifies(relative clause or pp.)

• (^) Those two fast electric trains(post) with pantographs. (D) (N) (E) (C) (H) (Q)
• (^) The head :common noun, proper noun or pronoun expressing the thing

Presupposition of nominal elements:

a relation within the text, and in the great majority of instances the presupposed item is present

in the preceding text

What can be presupposed with reference to the structure of the nominal group?

If head filled by: Deictic thing numerative ,epithetic and classifiers Numerative thing epithetic and classifiers Epithet thing classifiers Classifiers thing -------------- Here are my two white silk scarves, I can lend you one if you like (as one white silk scarf)

types of nominal ellipses:

ellipses

1.specific deictic

2.non-specific deictic

3.post deictic

5.epithets

4.numeratives

(2) Non-specific deictic: (a) Smith and Jones are on Holiday. I wonder if either has left an address. (b) These apples are delicious. Let’s by some. The non-specific deictics are : each, every, any, either, no, neither, a and some as well as both.

(3) Post-deictic

• (^) Other , same, different,

identical, usual, regular, certain,

odd, famous, well-known,

typical, obvious

• (^) I’ve used up these three

yellow folders you gave

me. Can I use the other?

• (^) They are adjectives
• (^) They combine with the, a or

other determiner.

5.epithets: A. Superlative Adjectives: Apple are the cheapest in autumn. B. Comparative Adjective: Mary is the cleverer D. opposites: I like strong tea. I suppose weak is better for you E. Attribute: The rich , the poor, the honest C. colour adjectives Green suits you very well.

2:verbal ellipses: Lexical Ellipsis (^) 1 Operator Ellipsis 2

verbal group presupposes one or more words from a previous verbal

group.

1- finiteness (finite or non-finite) If finite :indicative or imperative If indicative: modal or non-modal 2- polarity :positive or negative 3- voice :active or passive 4- tense: past or present or future

Have you been

swimming?

Yes I have

Ellipsis in which the lexical verb is missing from the verbal group. All the modal operators ( can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, ought to, and is to ) are alike in that one of them can function as a lexical verb

Is John going to come? – He might. He was to. –

He should, if he wants his name to be considered

(1) They might or might not have objected. (2) Has she been crying? – No, laughing. (3) What have you been doing? – Being chased by a bull. which involves only the omission of operators lexical verb always remain