Ellipsis in Cohesion: A Comprehensive Guide for Students, Slides of English Language

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Ellipses in cohesion

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General definition

Ellipsis as a type of cohesive relation is very similar to substitution. While

substitution referred to the replacement of one textual element by another,

ellipsis is simply characterized by “the omission of an item”

• (^) It is referred to as something left

• (^) It is referred to as something understood , where understood is used as “going without saying

ellipses

• (^) This is exactly the same as substitution except that substitution use an explicit counter :one ,do(as a place marker)
• (^) An elliptical item is one which leaves specific structural holes to be filled from elsewhere but nothing is inserted into the slot Joan brought some carnations, and Catharine some sweet peas
• (^) We are referring to sentences and clauses ,etc. whose structure is such as to presuppose some preceding items, which then serves as the source of the missing information

examples ellipses Would you like to hear another verse? I know twelve more And how many hours a day did you do lessons? said Alice, in a hurry to change the subject. “ten hours the first day “said the mock turtle “nine the next”

Ellipses has an anaphoric relation

• (^) Occasionally the presupposition in an elliptical structure may be exophoric.
• (^) If a house wife on seeing the milkman approach calls out Two please! (She is using exophoric ellipsis , context of situation)

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1.This is a fine hall you have here. I’m proud to be lecturing in it (Reference).

2. This is a fine hall you have here. I've never lectured in a finer one (Substitution) 3.This is a fine hall you have here. I've never lectured in a finer (ellipses)

1.Nominal Ellipses: Ellipses within the nominal group

• (^) Head+ optional modification
• (^) (Premodifiers) + Head + (Postmodifier)
• (^) Those two fast electric (post) trains (h) with pantographs(pre).
• (^) The modifier is combined with :deictic (determiner)+ numerative (numeral or other quantifier) +epithet (Adj)+classifier(N) +qualifies(relative clause or pp.)
• (^) Those two fast electric trains(post) with pantographs. (D) (N) (E) (C) (H) (Q)
• (^) The head :common noun, proper noun or pronoun expressing the thing

Elliptical nominal group example

• (^) Elliptical nominal group : when the function of head(thing) filled by a word (deictic, numerative ,epithet +classifier)
• (^) it involves the upgrading of a word function not Head from the status of Modifier to the status of Head

Four other oysters

followed them, and

yet another four

Presupposition of nominal elements: a relation within the text, and in the great majority of instances the presupposed item is present in the preceding text What can be presupposed with reference to the structure of the nominal group? If head filled by: Deictic thing numerative ,epithetic and classifiers Numerative thing epithetic and classifiers Epithet thing classifiers Classifiers thing --------------

Here are my two white silk scarves, I can lend you one if you like (as one

white silk scarf)

types of nominal ellipses: ellipses 1.specific deictic 2.non-specific deictic 3.post deictic 5.epithets 4.numeratives

(2) Non-specific deictic:

(a) Smith and Jones are on

Holiday. I wonder

if either has left an address.

(b) These apples

are delicious. Let’s

by some.

The non-specific deictics are : each, every, any,

either, no, neither, a and some as well as both.

(3) Post-deictic

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• (^) Other , same, different, identical, usual, regular, certain, odd, famous, well-known, typical, obvious
• (^) I’ve used up these three yellow folders you gave me. Can I use the other?
• (^) They are adjectives
• (^) They combine with the, a or other determiner.