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Emergency Vehicle Operations Course, Exams of Advanced Education

HDS Truck Driving InstituteAdvanced Education

A comprehensive overview of the key topics and concepts covered in an emergency vehicle operations course. It covers critical aspects of emergency vehicle operations, including negotiating intersections, understanding vehicle dynamics, proactive driving techniques, legal considerations, and ethical dilemmas. The document delves into the importance of proper vehicle inspections, seating and body positioning, safe following distances, and the effects of speed on vehicle handling. It also addresses common driving challenges such as night driving, adverse weather conditions, and obstacle avoidance. The document emphasizes the ethical responsibility and personal risk associated with emergency vehicle operation, underscoring the need for a total command of the skills presented in the course. Overall, this document serves as a valuable resource for emergency vehicle operators, providing insights and guidance to ensure safe and effective emergency response.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 08/24/2024

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Emergency Vehicle Operations Course
4.6 Questions Solved 100% Correct
d. Negotiating intersections: - ANSWER-Most likely areas for patrol car collisions,
nationwide 37% of all vehicle crashes occur within intersections, 50% of all emergency
vehicle accidents occur w/in intersections. We place ourselves at a higher degree of risk
as we traverse intersections. Restricted visibility, operator misjudging clearances,
operator misjudging patrol car speed approaching intersection, confused motorist- they
may stop in front of you. Motorists or pedestrians fail to hear or see you; two or more
emergency vehicles meet at an intersection. Avoid dangerous or congested
intersections as much as possible. Slow down when approaching and traversing an
intersection. Know what your speed is at all times, cover brake when crossing.
Speedometer is the most important gauge you have for safe vehicle operations. Signal
intentions in advance, avoid oncoming or turn lanes, avoid passing on the right,
increase following distance from other emergency vehicles.
Define each of the following physical properties or laws and list the effect each has on
vehicle handling: - ANSWER-a. Directional control: ABS- allows the tires to continue to
turn rather than lock and slide, giving the driver the ability to maintain directional control.
b. Friction: The first law- inertia. The rubbing of one object or surface against another.
Resistance to any force trying to produce motion; constantly present and always
working opposite the direction in which an object is moving.
c. Weight transfer: The transfer of weight to the front, rear or either side caused by
acceleration, deceleration or turning.
Define proactive driving: - ANSWER-• Instead of driving around waiting for something to
happen that forces you to react, drive in a manner which influences and controls the
driving environment, encouraging other drivers to make anticipated movements. You
must still be ready to react to unanticipated actions of other drivers but a proactive mind
tends to eliminate lag time and shorten the time to analyze a situation and act on it.
Remember PRO-Active is driving to achieve a desired outcome. It should not be
bothersome or offensive to others.
Define the driving phrase, "cover the brake": - ANSWER-• Negotiating intersections and
when unsure of other driver's actions, will reduce reaction time.
Define the importance of a mature judgment process for a driver: - ANSWER-• More
injuries and deaths usually occur each year from law enforcement related traffic
accidents, than from police shootouts. Thus, it should be immediately clear how much of
an ethical responsibility you have to not make driving mistakes, especially during
emergencies. This is easier said than done. Operating an emergency vehicle during a
true emergency demands a total command of all the skills that will be presented during
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Emergency Vehicle Operations Course

4.6 Questions Solved 100% Correct

d. Negotiating intersections: - ANSWER-Most likely areas for patrol car collisions, nationwide 37% of all vehicle crashes occur within intersections, 50% of all emergency vehicle accidents occur w/in intersections. We place ourselves at a higher degree of risk as we traverse intersections. Restricted visibility, operator misjudging clearances, operator misjudging patrol car speed approaching intersection, confused motorist- they may stop in front of you. Motorists or pedestrians fail to hear or see you; two or more emergency vehicles meet at an intersection. Avoid dangerous or congested intersections as much as possible. Slow down when approaching and traversing an intersection. Know what your speed is at all times, cover brake when crossing. Speedometer is the most important gauge you have for safe vehicle operations. Signal intentions in advance, avoid oncoming or turn lanes, avoid passing on the right, increase following distance from other emergency vehicles. Define each of the following physical properties or laws and list the effect each has on vehicle handling: - ANSWER-a. Directional control: ABS- allows the tires to continue to turn rather than lock and slide, giving the driver the ability to maintain directional control. b. Friction: The first law- inertia. The rubbing of one object or surface against another. Resistance to any force trying to produce motion; constantly present and always working opposite the direction in which an object is moving. c. Weight transfer: The transfer of weight to the front, rear or either side caused by acceleration, deceleration or turning. Define proactive driving: - ANSWER-• Instead of driving around waiting for something to happen that forces you to react, drive in a manner which influences and controls the driving environment, encouraging other drivers to make anticipated movements. You must still be ready to react to unanticipated actions of other drivers but a proactive mind tends to eliminate lag time and shorten the time to analyze a situation and act on it. Remember PRO-Active is driving to achieve a desired outcome. It should not be bothersome or offensive to others. Define the driving phrase, "cover the brake": - ANSWER-• Negotiating intersections and when unsure of other driver's actions, will reduce reaction time. Define the importance of a mature judgment process for a driver: - ANSWER-• More injuries and deaths usually occur each year from law enforcement related traffic accidents, than from police shootouts. Thus, it should be immediately clear how much of an ethical responsibility you have to not make driving mistakes, especially during emergencies. This is easier said than done. Operating an emergency vehicle during a true emergency demands a total command of all the skills that will be presented during

this course. You cannot afford to view this course simply as it is fun to do. This is a serious business. 2 causes of vehicle accidents: Misuse or Overuse of Steering and Brakes.

  • A mature driver uses prior experiences and skill to avoid potentially dangerous situations. Attitude is critical to a mature judgment process. Knowledge of personal and vehicle limits is critical. Define trail braking and list the reasons for using the technique: - ANSWER-• Trail braking- Keeps the weight on the front tires as long as possible to maintain rolling friction. Helps to balance the braking effect on the front tires created by steering and the mechanical brake. Describe factors to consider when driving in pursuits and on emergency runs - ANSWER-a. Route selection: Interstate vs. City Streets. b. Legal aspects of the use of emergency lights and/or the siren: c. General guidelines for use of emergency lights and/or the siren: d. Escape routes: Places to go that are safer than becoming involved in an accident. If you do not look for escape routes now, this exercise will be a conscious effort. Eventually you will find yourself doing this at a subconscious level. e. Following other emergency vehicles: f. Speed: Single greatest contributor to risk in vehicle pursuits or in emergency driving is SPEED. g. Weather: h. Other motorists: i. Traffic conditions and flow: j. Officer condition: k. Vehicle condition: Describe the effect of speed on stopping distances: - ANSWER-• Higher speed=Longer stopping distance Describe the effect of speed on turning movements: - ANSWER-• Higher Speed= Less turning

Identify conditions when headlights on a motor vehicle should be used: - ANSWER-• Should be turned on anytime when visibility is reduced, A good guideline is to turn them on anytime you activate you windshield wipers. Identify effective methods of avoiding obstacles: - ANSWER-• Don't look at the cones. Keep your eyes forward and look where you want to drive. Identify ethical dilemmas that may arise during emergency vehicle operations: - ANSWER-• Am I acting out of anger, lust, greed, peer pressure? What would I do if my family were standing behind me? Is it worth my job, and is it legal. Identify items to consider when conducting pre-driving vehicle inspections: - ANSWER-• Inspect vehicle every day prior to going on shift. Accidents could be prevented by a simple five minute physical and visual inspection of your vehicle. Identify problems and risks associated with the use of emergency lights and sirens: - ANSWER-• Blue lights reserved for LE vehicles. White light can be seen up to 3x farther than colored lights and is often one of the colors used in a light bar combination. Wig- wags at night can be blinding. Take-down lights might present more lighting hazards to other traffic than the benefit. No hazards lights, the use of the hazard lights prevent the officer from communicating driving intentions with turn signals. At 60mph you will be within 100 feet of the car in front of you before sound reaches the other car. Be aware of extended period of time with the siren on, can become hypnotized after a long period of time with the siren on (sirenside). Can combat the effects of siren-side by changing the pitch from time to time. Use siren and slowdown through intersections and turns, the siren can bounce off of objects and make it hard for others to find the source of the siren and what direction it is coming from. Identify proper seating, hand, and body positioning when operating a motor vehicle: - ANSWER-• Seating: seating position is critical to the success of the vehicle operator. Reach brake and accelerator without full extension. a. During normal and pursuit or emergency response conditions: Slight bend at elbows with hands on the wheel. Wrist at top of wheel is a good way to assure good spacing. 3 and 9 O' Clock. Fingertip and thumb grip. Shuffle steering. b. While backing: Place left hand at the twelve o'clock position with the palm against the steering wheel. Palm the wheel throughout the backing maneuver. Drivers warned to refrain from using their mirrors while backing. They do not reflect what is directly behind you. Just like backing exercise. Identify reasons why seatbelts are necessary when operating emergency vehicles: - ANSWER-• If you lose the ability to control the vehicle, you could take someone else with you, if you don't use your seatbelt, you're more likely to die or be injured in a crash. Statistics. Seatbelts can also help with driving and keep you seated when turning.

Identify safe following distances for patrol vehicle operations: - ANSWER-• Maintain a cushion of safety, Police Officers should use a three second rule. Normal driving - daytime and dry roads (3 sec). Adverse conditions: Nighttime or wet roadway (6 sec). Winter or gravel roads (9 sec). slowdown, increase following distances. Identify the cause and remedy for brake fade: - ANSWER-• When the components no longer exchange heat effectively, brake fade occurs. Identify the effects on a vehicle when the driver suddenly releases the brake pedal when entering a turn: - ANSWER-• You will lose steering stability and weight transfer and could lose control of the vehicle around the turn. Identify the elements and significance of Idaho Code 49-623: - ANSWER-• The foregoing provisions shall not relieve the drive of an authorized emergency or police vehicle from the duty to drive with due-regard for the safety of all persons, nor shall these provisions protect the driver from the consequences of his reckless disregard for the safety of others. Just because you are pursuing, doesn't give you right to violate laws. Identify the four basic components of driving: - ANSWER-• Steering, Braking, Cornering (turning), Acceleration Identify the importance of driving within your personal and vehicle limitations: - ANSWER-• Leave room for mechanical and human error- sometimes things break. Drive at 70 - 80% of your personal skill level. Drive the vehicle at 70 - 80% of its overall capability. Identify the importance of the driver's attitude in relation to the ability to operate a motor vehicle: - ANSWER-• Professional Police Driving: Judgment, Attitude, Environment, Vehicle, and Pro-active. Attitude has the greatest influence on an officer's driving performance and judgment process!! We must be courteous drivers, we must set an example for others, above all we must be professional, and the public has a right to expect this from us. Self-Discipline, and it takes desire and work. Identify the person who is ultimately responsible for the condition of a motor vehicle: - ANSWER-• Officer safety is dependent on the vehicle. It is your life you are trusting to a poorly maintained vehicle. Well maintained vehicles have fewer problems and are easier to control. Most law enforcement agencies require their patrol officers to inspect their patrol vehicle and equipment before they begin their tour of duty. The way you choose to care for your equipment may determine if you, a citizen or another officer may live or die someday. Identify the proper inside and outside mirror adjustments, and the frequency with which a driver should check the mirrors: - ANSWER-• Check your mirrors every three to five seconds, you should be completely aware of all of the traffic around you. Mirrors on the vehicle should be set so that the operator can gain maximum visibility around the

ease off of them to transfer weight to the sliding tires. Accelerator and brakes can transfer weight to the vehicle to make steering more efficient. Rules for backing: - ANSWER-Never back unless you have to, If you must back, do it slowly, Back as if you expect to hit something, Keep looking back until you have stopped. Simple Five step vehicle inspection: - ANSWER-1) Approach: Vehicle attitude-Vehicle leaning, Sagging springs- vehicle suspension system is very important for safe and effective patrol car operation. Body damage, Leaks, puddles etc. 2) Circle and Look: Head, tail, brake, back-up, and emergency lights, tires (less than 2/32 inch), cracked or bent rims, loose lug nuts, windshield wipers. Tires: Over-Inflation- very prone to hydroplaning, wears on the center of the tire. Under-Inflation- will not perform at extremes, not last as long, will wear on the outside of the tire. One (1) or Two (2) pound (+/-) of the manufacturer recommended PSI. Conduct inspection when tires are cold. 3) Under the Hood: Check under the hood, Fluid levels, belts and hoses, loose wires/ parts, and seepage. 4) Interior: Check all equipment including control switches, gauges, indicator lights, mirrors, safety equipment, etc. Cleanliness. 5) Vehicle in motion: Steering, brakes, suspension, and acceleration. Urban driving - ANSWER-Drive in a manner which influences and controls the driving environment, encouraging other drivers to make anticipated movements. Must still be ready to react to unanticipated actions of other drivers but pro-active mind.