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EMT-BASIC
medial - toward the midline of the body lateral - to the side, away from the midline of the body bilateral - on both sides mid-axillary line - a line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle anterior - the front of the body or body posterior - the back of the body or body part ventral - referring to the front of the body. a synonym for anterior dorsal - referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand or foot. A synonym for posterior superior - toward the head. inferior - away from the head; usually compared with another structure that is closer to the head proximal - closer to the torso distal - farther away from the torso torso - the trunk of the body; the body without the head and the extremities palmer - referring to the palm of the hand plantar - referring to the sole of the foot mid-clavicular - the line through the center of the clavical abdominal quadrants - four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury: the right upper quadrant, the left upper quadrant, the right lower quadrant and the left lower quadrant supine - lying on the back recovery position - lying on the side. also called the lateral recumbent position Fowler's Position - a sitting position
Right Upper Quadrant - Liver, Right Kidney, Colon, Pancreas, Gallbladder Left Upper Quadrant - Liver, Spleen, Left Kidney, Stomach, Colon Pancreas Right Lower Quadrant - Right Kidney, Colon, Small Intestines, Major artery and vein to the right leg, Ureter, Apendix Left Lower Quadrant - Left kidney, colon, small intestines, major artery and vein to the left leg, ureter Trendelenburg Position - a position in which the patients feet and legs are higher than the head (Shock position) musculoskeletal system - system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement skeleton - the bones of the body muscle - tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part ligament - tissue that connects bone to bone tendon - tissue that connects muscle to bone skull - the bony structure of the head cranium - the top, back and sides of the skull mandible - the lower jaw bone maxillae - the two fused bones forming the upper jaw nasal bones - the nose bones orbits - the bony structures around the eyes, the eye sockets zygomatic arches - form the structure of the cheeks vertebrae - the 33 bones of the spinal column thorax - the chest sternum - breastbone manubrium - the superior portion of the sternum
metacarpals - hand bones joints - the point where two bones come together voluntary muscle - muscle that can be conscious controlled; attaches to bones; forms the major muscle mass of the body, responsible for movement involuntary muscle - muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled cardiac muscle - specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart; has its own blood supply; contracts on its own automaticity - the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own respiratory system - the system of the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that bings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide oropharynx - the area directly posterior to the mouth nasopharynx - the area directly posterior to the nose pharynx - the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. It is made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx epiglottis - a leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea larynx - the voice box cricoid cartilage - the ring-structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx trachea - the 'windpipe'; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs lungs - the organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place bronchi - the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left bronchi alveoli - the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place
diaphragm - the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration inhalation - an active process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs exhalation - a passive process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs cardiovascular system/circulatory system - the system made up of the heart and the blood vessels atria - the two upper chambers of the heart, there is a right (receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body) and the left (which sends oxygen-rich blood to the body) ventricles - the two lower chambers of the heart. There is a right (which sends oxygen poor blood to the lungs) and the left (sends oxygen rich blood to the body) venae cavae - the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. Return blood from the body to the right atrium valve - a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction cardiac conduction system - a system of specialized muscle tissues which conduct electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat artery - any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart coronary arteries - blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart aorta - the largest artery in the body. transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation pulmonary arteries - vessels that carry blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs carotid arteries - large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood blood from the heart to the head femoral artery - the major artery supplying the leg brachial artery - artery of the upper arm; site of the pulse checked during infant CPR radial artery - artery of the lower arm. it is felt when taking the pulse at the wrist
decontamination - the removal or cleansing of dangerous chemicals and other dangerous chemicals and other dangerous or infectious materials hazardous-material incident - the release of a harmful substance into the environment multiple-casualty incident - an emergency involving multiple patients pathogens - the organisms that cause infection, such as viruses and bacteria PPE - equipment that protects the EMS worker from infection and or exposure to the dangers of rescue operations standard precautions - a strict form of infection control that is based on the assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious stress - a state of physical and/or psychological arousal to a stimulus abandonment - leaving a patient after care has been initiated and before the patient has been transferred to someone with equal or great medical training confidentiality - the obligation not to revel information obtained about a patient except to other health care professionals involved in the patient's care, or under subpoena, or in a court of law, or when the patient has signed a release of confidentiality consent - permission from the patient for care or other action by the EMT crime scene - the location where a crime has been committed or any place that evidence relating to a crime may be found DNR - a legal document, usually signed by the patient and his physician, which states that the patient and his physician, which state that the patient has a terminal illness and does not wish to prolong life through resuscitation efforts duty to act - an obligation to provide care to a patient expressed consent - consent given by adults who are of legal age and mentally competent to make a rational decision in regard to their medical well-being Good Samaritan Laws - a series of laws, varying in each state, designed, to provide limited legal protection for citizens and some health care personnel when they are administering emergency care HIPAA - The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, a federal law protecting the privacy of patient-specific health care information and providing the patient with control over how this information is used and distributed
implied consent - the consent it is presumed a patient, or patient's parent/guardian would give if they could, such as for an unconscious patient or a parent who cannot be contacted when care is needed liability - being held legally responsible negligence - a finding of failure to act properly in a situation in which there was a duty to act, that needed care as would reasonably be expected of the EMT was not provided, and that harm was caused to the patient as a result organ donor - a person who has completed a legal document that allows for donation of organs and tissues in the event of death scope of practice - a set of regulations and ethical considerations that define the scope, or extent and limits, of the EMT's job plasma - the fluid portion of the blood RBC - components of the blood. carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide from cells WBC - components of the blood, produce substances that help the body fight infection platelets - components of the blood; membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells pulse - the rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries peripheral pulses - radial, brachial, posterior, tibial, dorsalis pedis pulses, which can be felt at peripheral points of the body central pulses - the cartoid and femeral pulses, which can be felt in the center part of the body blood pressure - pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels, usually arterial BP is measured systolic BP - pressure created in the arteries when the left ventrical contracts and forces blood out into circulation diastolic BP - the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling perfusion - the supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
dermis - the inner layer of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis subcutaneous layers - layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis endocrine system - system of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions insulin - hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics epinephrine - hormone produced by the body, as a med it dilated the respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions body mechanics - proper use of the body to facilitate lifting and moving and preventing injury direct carry - a method of transferring a patient from bed to stretcher, during which two or more rescuers curl the patient to their chests, then reverse the process to lower the patient to the stretcher draw-sheet method - a method of transferring a patient from bed to stretcher by grasping and pulling the loosened bottom sheet of the bed extremity lift - a method of lifting and carrying a patient during which one rescuer slips hands under patient's armpits and grasps the wrists, which another rescuer grasps the patient's knees power grip - gripping with as much hand surface as possible in contact with the objects being lifted, all fingers bent at the same angle, hands at least 10 inches apart power lift - a lift from a squatting position with weight to be lifted close to the body, feet apart and flat on the ground, body weight on or just behind balls of feet, back locked in. the upper body is raised before the hips TRAMP - Time, Route, Amount, Medication, Patient Activated Charcoal - Trade Names: Superchar, Insta-char, liqui-char Action: Binds to some poisons preventing absorpotion Indications: Ingested poison Don't give if (contraindications): altered mental status, ingested acids or alkalis, inability to swallow Side Effects: black stool, vomiting Dose:1g/kg of body weight Oral supplied: suspension
Oxygen - Action:increases levels of O2 in the blood indications: hypoxia, known or suspected dose: 6lpm NC (44%), 12 lpm NRB (90%), 15 lpm BVM (100%) Inhaled supplied: compressed gas Albuterol - Trade name: proventil, ventolin Action: B-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, smooth muscle relaxant Indication: Respiratory distress in pts diagnostic with asthma Contraindications:angina, MI, arrhythmia, CHF (Congestive heart failure) side effects: headache, palpitations, diziness, insomnia, tremors, sweating, N&V, dry mouth Dose: 1 dose from MDI, 2.5 mg in 3ml w/ nebulizer inhaled supplies: MDI (meter dose inhaler)- powdered med and propellant, 2.5mg in 3 ml saline glucose - Trade name:insta-glucose Action: increases blood sugar levels indications:altered mental status AND history of diabetes Contraindications: unresponsive, inability to swallow dose: one tube Oral Supplies: gel Aspirin (Acetylsalicyclic acid) - Action: pain reliever, fever reducer, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet indication: cardiac related chest pain Contraindication: allergy, recently taken the med, recent GI bleed Side effects: upset stomach, heartburn Dose: 81 mg up to 324 mg (1-4 tablets) oral supplied: chewable pills Epinephrine - Trade name: adrenaline Actions: causes bronchiole dilation and contraction of blood vessels (Vasoconstrictor and broncodialator) Indiction: anaphylaxis-respiratory distress, hypoperfusion side effects: increased heart rate, chest pain, dissiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, excitability dose: .3mg adults, .15 mg children intramuscular supplied: .3 in auto injector (adult or greater than 66 lbs) .15 in auto injector (child or 33-66 lbs) nitroglycerin - Trade Name: nitrostat, nitrolingual
arterioles - smallest arteries venules - smallest veins From the body--> Vena Cava-->SA Node-->Right atrium-->Right Ventricle-->AV Node--
pulmonary artery-->lungs-->pulmonary vein-->left atrium-->left ventricle-->Aorta-- body - Blood's pathway pulse - 60-100 bpm 7 - the number of bones in the Cervical spine 12 - Number of bones in the thoracic spine 5 - number of bones in lumbar spine 5 - number of bones in the sacral spine 4 - number of bones in the coccyx spine smooth muscle - found in gastrointestinal tract, urinary system, blood vessels; controls the flow of materials through these structures; carris out automatic muscular functions; no conscious control; responds to stimuli such as heat, cold and stretching 12-29 breaths/min - Adult breathing rate 15-30 b/m - children breathing rate 25-50 b/m - infants breathing rate inadequate breathing - breathing effort; increased use of accessory muscles especially in infants and children; cyanotic skin, cool, clammy; agonal respirations trachea narrower, trachea softer, more flexible, airway structures smaller, cricoid not well developed, chest wall softer, tongue proportionally larger than an adults - pediatric airway scene is hazardous, life-threatening condition requires move, patient must be moved to reach a critical patient - Use emergency moves when.... scene factors cause a decline in patient condition, treatment of patient's condition requires a move - urgent moves are done when....
