Engineering - Engineering Design Graphics - Lecture Slides, Slides of Computer-Aided Design for Engineers

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Engineering

and the

Design Process

Engineering - Definitions

• Comes from the Latin word “ingenerare",

“to create”

• Derivatives - ingenious, engineer
• Dictionary –
• Long ≡ The ART or SCIENCE of Making PRACTICAL APPLICATION of the Knowledge of PURE SCIENCES (e.g., physics, chemistry) in the Construction of USEFUL physical objects

Science vs. Engineering

• Science → INVESTIGATION
  • Scientists Conduct Experiments, And Construct Models (Theories) To Better Understand The Operation And Function Of The Physical World
• Engineering →

PRACTICAL

PROBLEM SOLVING

• c.f. Previous Definitions

Engineering vs. Science

• Engineering is Closely Related to Science &

Math, but it is NOT the SAME

Scientists seek to UNDERSTAND WHAT IS, while Engineers seek to CREATE THAT WHICH NEVER WAS

• Theodore von Kármán, CalTech Professor, and the Father of Modern AeroSpace Engineering

DS1 – Problem Identification

• What Problem Requires Solution?
  • A Clear Definition of the Problem is a CRITICAL STEP in the Design Process - What Are the User’s (Customer’s) Needs? - Design Criteria - What Limitations Or Conditions Will Restrict The Design? - Development-Cost/Time vs. Performance Trade-offs - Set Priorities → NEED-to-have vs. NICE-to-have
  • Write a Formal Problem Statement
    • Careful Accounting of All FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

DS2 – Ideas and Concepts

• Brainstorming
  • “Stream of Conscience” Listing Of Potential Solutions - NO Wrong Answers → Wild Speculation Encouraged
  • CONCEPT SKETCHES

DS4 – Refine Concepts

• Further Quantification of the Merits of

Preliminary Design Candidates

• More Sophisticated Computer/Math Modeling
• Extensive Search for “Fatal Flaws”
• Detailed “Architectural level” Drawing(s)
  • Physical-Envelopes For Main Functional-Blocks Defined And Fit-Together
• Subscale Testing
• Rapid Prototyping

“System Architectural” Drawing

 “Architecture” of a Machine Tool Used to Fabricate Semiconductor Integrated Circuits; i.e. Computer chips

 Circa 1992

DS-6 Implementation

• GRAPHICAL Documentation
  • Design Drawings (Patent Application)
  • Working Drawings (Fabrication & Assembly)
  • Technical Illustrations (Instruction Manual)
• Build Full-Scale Prototype
• Test, Test, Test
• Product Marketing
• Production Planning
• Life-Cycle Planning (service, spares.etc.)

FlowChart

 Three MAJOR Phases

1. Concept Design: search for adaptable solution principles
2. Initial Selection: find suitable hardware within technical and economic constraints
3. Detail Design: finalize the form, dimensions, materials etc. of individual components.

http://www.mech.uwa.edu.au/DANotes/design/whereto/whereto.html Docsity.com

Done for 1st^ Meeting

• Please see me if you

would like to ADD

Appendix

Details

of

Design Process

Ref = http://www.bergen.org/technology/despro.html

THE DESIGN BRIEF

• A design brief should describe simply and clearly what is to be designed. The design brief cannot be vague. Some examples of problems and design briefs are listed below: - PROBLEM: Blind people cannot play many of the indoor games available to sighted people. - DESIGN BRIEF: Design a game of dominoes that can be played by blind people. - PROBLEM: The handle of a pot becomes too hot to hold when the pot is heated. - DESIGN BRIEF: Design a handle that remains cool when the pot is heated. - PROBLEM: Waiting time in a bus or train station seems too long. There is nothing to do. - DESIGN BRIEF: Modify the seats so that a small television can be attached.

INVESTIGATION

• Writing a clearly stated design brief is just one step. Now you must write down all the information you think you may need. Some think to consider are the following: - FUNCTION: A functional object must solve the problem described in the design brief. The basic question to ask is : "What, exactly, is the use of the article?" - APPEARANCE: How will the object look? The shape, color, and texture should make the object attractive. - MATERIALS: What materials are available to you? You should think about the cost of these materials. Are they affordable? Do they have the right physical properties, such as strength, rigidity, color, and durability? - CONSTRUCTION: Will it be hard to make? Consider what methods you will need to cut, shape, form, join, and finish the material. - SAFETY: The object you design must be safe to use. It should not cause accidents.