Engineering Ethics - Aerospace Engineering Design - Lecture Slides, Slides of Engineering Dynamics

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AEROSPACE ENGINEERING DESIGN I

A Brief Introduction to Engineering Ethics

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QUESTIONS TO THINK ABOUT

• What is your definition of ethics?
• What is your definition of morals?
  • Where did you derive these from?
  • Do either have absolutes for you?
  • Are either of these relative (time, place, industry, etc.)?
  • Can these be in conflict with each other?
• Note to self: Make sure you do not offer any opinions or personal sentiments during the lecture
• What is in the news today (not necessarily engineering related):
  • CIA interrogation techniques
  • Update on Bernie Madoff in jail
  • This morning Freddie Mac CFO hung himself
  • Can Citibank be trusted?
  • Reggie Bush to forfeit Heisman Docsity.com

ETHICS CODES

• Fundamental Canons:
  1. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public and shall strive to comply with the principles of sustainable development in the performance of their professional duties.
  2. Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence.
  3. Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
  4. Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees, and shall avoid conflicts of interest.
  5. Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and shall not compete unfairly with others.
  6. Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance the honor, integrity, and dignity of the engineering profession and shall act with zero- tolerance for bribery, fraud, and corruption.
  7. Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers, and shall provide opportunities for the professional development of those engineers under their supervision." Docsity.com

OTHER ETHICS CODE EXAMPLES

• "Members of the ICE should always be aware of their overriding responsibility to the public good. A member’s obligations to the client can never override this, and members of the ICE should not enter undertakings which compromise this responsibility. The ‘public good’ encompasses care and respect for the environment, and for humanity’s cultural, historical and archaeological heritage, as well as the primary responsibility members have to protect the health and well being of present and future generations”
• National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE): "Engineers, in the fulfillment of their professional duties, shall: Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public.“
• American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME): "Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public in the performance of their professional duties."
• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): "We, the members of the IEEE, … do hereby commit ourselves to the highest ethical and professional conduct and agree: 1. to accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with the safety, health and welfare of the public, and to disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or the environment”
• American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE): "To achieve these goals, members shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public and protect the environment in performance of their professional duties."
• Examine Boeing Ethical Business Conduct Guidelines Docsity.com

VIOLATIONS OF ETHICS (AND MORLS?)?

• Boston Big Dig
  • Purchase excess metal with intent of delivering directly to metal scrap yard/recycling plant and pocketing money
  • http://resources.bnet.com/topic/boston+globe+and+sullivan.html

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VIOLATIONS OF ETHICS (AND MORLS?)?

• Challenger
  • Whistle blowing by professional engineers is not an unusual event, and courts have often sided with engineers in such cases, overruling duties to employers and confidentiality considerations that otherwise would have prevented the engineer from speaking out
• Tay Bridge disaster
  • Investigators quickly determined many faults in design, materials, and processes that had contributed to the failure. No allowance for wind load had been made by Bouch (chief engineer). He had been advised that this was unnecessary for girders shorter than 200 feet, and had not followed this up for his new design with longer girders.

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CITIGROUP BUILDING IN MANHATTAN

• One of largest skyscrapers in NYC
• 59 floors, 915-foot (279 m) tall
• To help stabilize building, a tuned mass damper was placed at its top
• Weighs 400 tons and has a volume of 255 cubic feet (7 m³)
• Designed to counterbalance effects of wind by making the building sway
• Concrete block that slides on a thick layer of oil and converts the kinetic energy of the building into friction
• Mass reduces building's movement from wind deflection by 40-50%
• Citigroup Center was the first skyscraper in the United States to feature a tuned mass damper

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SIMPLIFIED MODEL

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DR. ROBERT DAUGHERTY, NASA LaRC

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DR. ROBERT DAUGHERTY, NASA LaRC

"My name is Bob Daugherty and I am a Senior Research Engineer here at Langley Research Center where I have worked for almost 23 years. At the Aircraft Landing Dynamics Facility we do research on advanced landing gear systems. We characterize aircraft and spacecraft take off and landing performance with mathematical models to describe things like steering and breaking friction. And we work from time to time on solving operational problems for a number of commercial and other governmental agencies. And in one form or another, I have worked on shuttle tire and landing issues for about 18 years.

First, let me say that I don't know what caused the Columbia tragedy but I do firmly believe the Columbia Accident Investigation Board will figure out the cause and offer solutions to prevent it from happening again. And I feel, like everyone at NASA that we have a specific [responsibility] to the public. That is why I am speaking with you today. Honestly, I was very surprised about the attention my writing received. I view my involvement as a small sideline focused on landing issues - and I have been in somewhat of a quandary. I really do believe that the best thing I can do for the investigation is to talk to the investigation board first. On the other hand it is frustrating that my words are being misinterpreted. My quandary has now been relieved since the board has said they don't mind if I speak up. So I want to clear the air as much as possible and will hope you'll excuse me in advance if we get into any technical areas where I may still feel it is best to talk with the board first.

And finally, before taking questions, I'd just like to mention what I consider my most important point

• and that's my intention with my emails. I was asked a question from a long time friend and colleague about whether we had ever simulated a landing with two flat tires. After some thinking I believe that that was the wrong question. The thing that might get you into that predicament would manifest itself long before you got to the runway. I simply wanted to present the whole range of issues between catastrophe and perfect landing. I wanted to make sure that every body could be as ready as possible for any eventuality. The email was intended to spark discussion to ensure there were such plans and I believe that it did just that." Docsity.com

PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER LICENSING QUESTIONS

• Practicing engineering under a fictitious name with a Certificate of Authorization A. is not permitted by Board rule. B. is not permitted by Florida Statutes. C. is permitted by Florida Statutes. D. is not permitted by Florida Statutes or Board rules.
• A professional engineer who practices through a corporation or partnership

A. is relieved of personal liability for negligence through the Certificate of Authorization. B. is not relieved of personal liability for negligence. C. is relieved of personal liability for negligence only through the corporation. D. is relieved of personal liability for negligence only through the partnership.

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PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER LICENSING QUESTIONS

• Affixing one’s seal to documents other than those which he/she was in responsible charge A. is permitted by Florida Statutes and by Board rule. B. is permitted by Florida Statutes. C. is permitted by Board rules. D. is not permitted by Florida Statutes.
• A Certificate of Authorization, which authorizes a company to provide engineering services, is issued by A. the Florida Engineers Management Corporation. B. the Bureau of Engineering Practitioners. C. the Division of Quality Certification. D. the Secretary of State.

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PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER LICENSING QUESTIONS

• The purpose of the probable cause panel is to

A. determine if there is a criminal violation. B. promulgate rules for the Board of Professional Engineers. C. determine if there is probable cause to believe a violation of the engineering rules/laws has occurred. D. promulgate rules for the Department of Business and Professional Regulation.

• The exercise of supervisory authority over engineering work is known as

A. “responsible control.” B. “overseeing control.” C. “responsible charge.” D. “overseeing charge.”

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PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER LICENSING QUESTIONS

• An inability on the part of a professional engineer to perform required professional duties normally is known as A. misconduct. B. negligence. C. adverse performance. D. incompetence.
• Performing an engineering assignment when not qualified by training or experience is known as A. negligence. B. adverse performance. C. incompetence. D. misconduct.

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