From Theories to Practices 1
ENGLISH PROSE ANALYSIS
ENGLISH PROSE ANALYSIS
Editors
I Gusti Agung Gde Sosiowati
Ni Luh Nyoman Seri Malini
CAKRA PRESS
in collaboration with
English Department Faculty of Arts Udayana University
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A Psychological Analysis of the Main Character in Cabot's. “The Mediator” ... act from the human's imagination and interpreting life- experiences.
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From Theories to Practices 1
ENGLISH PROSE ANALYSISENGLISH PROSE ANALYSIS
Editors
I Gusti Agung Gde Sosiowati
Ni Luh Nyoman Seri Malini
CAKRA PRESS
in collaboration with
English Department Faculty of Arts Udayana University
ENGLISH PROSE ANALYSIS From Theories to Practices 1
Editors
I Gusti Agung Gde Sosiowati
Ni Luh Nyoman Seri Malini
CAKRA PRESS
in collaboration with
English Department Faculty of Arts Udayana University
iii
Acknowledgment
It has been known that there are various kinds of people with various kinds of characters living in this world. There are also various kinds of experiences happening that they have to undergo. These kinds of people and experiences inspire the authors of literature to write about those things. This is very important and useful considering that the life of human beings is very limited and it is expected that they will know about the world as much as possible. The only possible and cheapest way of doing it is through reading literary work. People can have more information, ideas and the feeling about something without necessarily experiencing it by themselves. The types of literary works produced by those authors can be fiction and non-fiction. The works produced can be based on the real events, completely imaginative or the combination of factual and imaginative events. By reading all the researchers conducted by the students of the Faculty of Arts and Cultures, it is expected that the readers can improve their life quality considering that there are a lot of moral teaching and human behaviors that will be able to learn. Great gratititude is extended to those students who have contributed in the publishing of this compilation which mostly talked about, characters, characterization, methods of characterization, and the dimensions creating a human being. Special gratitude is also extended to Ni Luh Nyoman Seri Malini who has initiated the idea of producing this compilation.
Editor
iv
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement ~ iii Table of Contents ~ iv
The Analysis of the Main Character in Doyle’s “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Boscombe Valley Mystery” Amanda Ratri Yasmin ~ 1
An Analysis of the Main Characters in Novel “The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” By Robert Louis Stevenson Ni Putu Dewi Wulan Widyasari ~ 15
The Analysis of the Main and the Secondary Characters in Ashton’s A Ship To Nowhere Ni Made Mitha Suandari ~ 27
The Analysis of The Main Character Behaviours and Characterization in Lardner’s “Haircut” Ni Nyoman Bella Ayuniari Astawa ~ 41
The Analysis of The Characters in Maupassant’s “The Necklace” Yunita Sari ~ 53
The Analysis of Main Character in Dark Brown Dog Short Story by Stephen Crane Ni Made Ari Supin ~ 73
vi
~ 1 ~
The Analysis of the Main Character in
Doyle’s “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes:
The Boscombe Valley Mystery”
YASMIN, Amanda Ratri 1301305057 English Department, Faculty of Arts Udayana University Email address: [email protected]
Abstract The study entitled The Analysis of the Main Character in Doyle’s “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Boscombe Valley Mystery” is aimed at finding out the physiological, sociological and psychological dimensions of the main character and the methods of characterization used by the author to present the main character in the short story. There were some theories that are used in this study such as the theory about character proposed by Tarigan (1993), theory about characterization proposed by Kenney (1966) and theory about the dimension of character proposed by Wellek and Warren (1955). The findings are the author only used two methods of characterization such as discursive method and character on character method and after analyzing Sherlock Holmes as the main character, he is a character who was a well-known private detective that not fond of other people but if he already trusted someone he would be fond of that person, a thoughtful man who did not jump to conclusions easily; he would collect facts and evidence to support his assumption. He was also a crimes addict yet very confident, intelligent, and perceptive man. Keywords: short story, character, characterization, Sherlock Holmes
of physiological, sociological, and psychological aspects but focused more on the sociological aspect. Another previous study that also inspired this study is “Method of Characterization and Three Dimensional Aspects of Main Character in Brontë’s Jane Eyre” (Sawitri: 2012). This previous study analyzed the three dimensions of character including the characterization method used by the author to present the characters.
3. RESEARCH METHOD The data of this study was taken from the short story entitled “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Boscombe Valley Mystery” by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. This short story is chosen as data source because it can fulfill the need of data in this study. The data was collected through library research that was collected through doing some steps, such as: (1) reading and understanding the whole content of the story, (2) identifying the data related to the topic and it was followed by note taking. The collected data was analyzed descriptively based on theoretical framework. First, the collected data was analyzed by classifying the main character. After being classified, the data was analyzed in order to determine the physiological, sociological and psychological dimension of the main character based on the theory proposed by Bernhardt, Wellek and Warren (1955). Then, the methods used by author to present the main character in the short story based on the theory proposed by Kenney were analyzed.
4. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
There are some theories used in this study such as the theory about character proposed by Tarigan (1993), theory about characterization proposed by Kenney (1966) and theory about the dimension of character proposed by Wellek and Warren (1955).
1.1. Character According to DiYanni (2001:38) characters are the fictional people, who are part of the action or a literary work. Tarigan (1993:76) divides character into three types based on its function and position:
1.1.1. Main Character Main character is the central character that can explain the other characters in the story. As an important figure, it plays an important role in the story. a. Secondary Character Secondary character is the character that mostly affects the main character. b. Supporting Character Supporting character is a character that incidentally supports the main character by confirming what the main character says or does in the story.
1.2. Characterization In presenting characters in the story, the author uses some methods to present and reveal the characters. According to Kenney (1966) there are five methods of characterization, they are:
and character on character method, the author reveals the character by presenting the character to the audience through what the character say and how they say it, their verbal interactions with others and the discrepancies between their talk and their actions, besides that, the main character’s characteristics are also revealed by other characters in the story.
1.3. Dimension of Character As Wellek and Warren stated, the author must concern with the three dimensions in describing the character in order to create the perfectness of the character.
a. Physiological Dimension Physiology is the study of the human body (Tokay, 1957:1). So, physiological dimension is related to physical condition or appearance of the character which can be observed through sex, age, and the other physical appearance, such as body shape, size, height, skin color, and face.
b. Sociological Dimension Sociology is the study of human beings and their interaction within and between groups of people (Roucek and Warren, 1963:3). So, in literary work, the sociological dimension can be connected with economic, political, social situations and the interrelationships between all spheres of human activities (Wellek and Warren, 1955:101).
c. Psychological Dimension Wellek and Warren (1955:75) state that psychology of
literature means the study of the writer, or the study of the creative process, or the study of the psychological types and laws presented within works of literature. According to Bernhardt (1953), psychology of literary work can be observed through the character. Through psychological approach, the psychology of character that includes the human motivation, feeling and emotion can be analyzed.
5. ANALYSIS Main character is the central character that plays an important role in the story. As the title of the short story explicitly stated, the main character is Sherlock Holmes. The story entitled “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Boscombe Valley Mystery” tells about Sherlock Holmes adventure in solving cases and mysteries. Therefore, Sherlock becomes the main character because he takes an important role in the story. The discussion below concerned with the analysis of the dimensions which build the main character’s characteristic and also how the author characterizes the main character.
5.1 Physiological Dimension The physiological dimension can be analyzed through the general health, sex, age, appearance including shape of body, size, color of skin, etc. The analysis of this dimension is in the following discussion: At the beginning of the story “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: The Boscombe Valley Mystery”, Sherlock was identified as a tall man with gaunt figure, who wore a long grey travelling-cloak and close-fitting cloth cap that
“My dear fellow, I know you well. I know the military neatness which characterizes you.” (Doyle, 1986: 162)
In this statement, Sherlock was characterized in discursive method because the author tried to give the information of Sherlock’s social relationship with his friend through direct explanation. The author stated directly that Sherlock knew his friend well; he knew his friend’s habit that his friend was always neat because he used to be in military. Sherlock Holmes is a man who is not fond of other people but if he already trusts someone he will be fond of that person. This point can be seen from these following quotations:
“It makes a considerable difference to me, having someone with me on whom I can thoroughly rely.” (Doyle, 1986: 161)
In this statement, Sherlock was characterized in discursive method because the author tried to give the information of Sherlock’s social relationship with his friend through direct explanation. In the quotation above, the author tried to give explanation that Sherlock is glad to be accompanied by his trustworthy friend. It seems like he rather being alone than being accompanied by someone else who he cannot rely on. That is why it can be said that he is not of other people except the people he trusts. Sherlock is well- known private detective from London. This point can be seen from these following quotations:
“Oh, Mr. Sherlock Holmes! I am so glad that famous detective like you have come all the way here.” (Doyle, 1986: 165)
In this statement, Sherlock was characterized in character on character method because the author tried to give the information of Sherlock’s social relationship with people around him through other character explanation. The author, by using the other character, gives information to the reader that Sherlock is a famous detective because he is well-known in different regions that are far enough from where he lives. Other people can recognize him easily that he is Sherlock Holmes, a famous detective. From sociological dimension, it can be concluded that Sherlock was a well-known private detective who is not fond of other people but if he already trusts someone he will be fond of that person. In finding out the sociological dimension of Sherlock, the author used two methods namely discursive method and character on character method.
5.3 Psychological Dimension When analyzing the psychological dimension of a character, there are various aspects to be concerned on. They are human motivation included appetites, wants, emotions, feeling and attitude, and social motives, and also feelings and emotions. The analysis of this dimension is in the following discussion: Sherlock is a thoughtful man. He did not jump to conclusions easily; he would collect facts and evidence to support his assumption. This point can be seen from these following quotations:
“I shall take nothing for granted until I have the opportunity of looking personally into it.” (Doyle, 1986: 161)
This point can be seen from this following quotation:
“I knew your energetic nature, and that you would not be happy until you had been on the scene of the crime .” (Doyle, 1986: 164)
In this statement, Sherlock was characterized in character on character method because the author tried to give the information of Sherlock’s psychological condition, through another character explanation. The author makes Sherlock a character that was addicted to crime. He was happy to see crime scene and collected facts and evidences to proof his assumption later on. The fact that he was usually able to get some proof that the police unable to; can change the point of view of some cases. This was a strange behaviour, because people usually do not like to go to the crime scene. From psychological dimension, it can be concluded that Sherlock was thoughtful man who did not jump to conclusions easily; he would collect facts and evidence to support his assumption. He was a crimes addict yet very confident, intelligent, and perceptive man. In finding out psychological dimension of Sherlock as the main character, the author used two methods, namely discursive method and character on character method.
6. CONCLUSION Based on the analysis and discussion of the problems mentioned earlier, some conclusions can be drawn as follows: In order to figure out the character of Sherlock Holmes as the main character, there are three dimensions of character that are analyzed. From physiological dimension, Sherlock was a tall man with gaunt figure. From sociological
dimension, Sherlock was a well-known private detective who was not fond of other people but if he already trusted someone he would be fond of that person. From psychological dimension, Sherlock was a thoughtful man who did not jump to conclusions easily; he would collect facts and evidence to support his assumption. He was a crimes addict yet very confident, intelligent, and perceptive man. In this story, the author only used two methods of characterization those are: discursive method and character on character method.
REFERENCES
Bernhardt, Karl S. 1953. Practical Psychology. Canada: Mc.Graw-Hill Book Company,Inc.
DiYanni, Robert. 2001. Literature Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. New York: Mc.Graw-Hill Book Company, Inc. Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. 1986. Sherlock Holmes: The Complete Novels and Stories, Vol. 1. New York: Bantam Classics
Hornby, A.S. 2010. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Eighth Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Kenney, William. 1966. How to Analyze Fiction. New York: Monarch Press Mertadana, I Made Meyge. 2006. Main Character Analysis of Lord of the Ring Felllowship of the Ring by J. R. R. Tolkien .Denpasar: Udayana University
Roucek, Joseph S. and Rolland L. Warren. 1963. Sociology An Introduction. New Jersey: Littlefields, Adams, and Co Paterson
Sawitri, Komang Alit. 2012. Method of Characterization and Three Dimensional Aspects of Main Character in Brontë’s Jane Eyre. Denpasar: Udayana University Tarigan, Henry Guntur. 1984. Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Sastra. Bandung: