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ald Chossificotien [ Class Insecta — f | Subclass: Apterygota Subclass: Pterygota (=Ametabola) Includes 4 orders {oo ! Exopterygota Endopterygota (=Hemimetabola) (=Holometabola) Includes 16 orders Includes 9 orders 1. Ephemeroptera 1. Neuroptera 2. - Odonata 2. Mecoptera . Thysanura 3.. Plecoptera 3. Lepidoptera - Diplura 4. Isoptera 4. Coleoptera . Protura 5. Grylloblattodea 5. Trichoptera - Collembola 6. Orthoptera 6. Diptera 7. Phasmida 7. Hymenoptera 8. Embioptera 8. Siphonaptera 9. Dermaptera 9. Strepsiptera 10. Dictyoptera 11. Zoraptera 12, Psocoptera 13, Mallophaga 14. Siphunculata 15. Hemiptera 3 \ 16. Thysanoptera ] 16 The idea of insect classification into orders was suggested by Linnaeus (1735-1768). He divided the group Insecta into seven orders. Since Linnaeus, many modifications in insect classification were suggested by different workers. Thus the seven original orders of Linnaeus were increased by later workers to 27 and then subsequently to 29. Later entomologists adopted the family as the unit of classification. . As per old classification, the class Insecta includes 29 orders and is divided into two main sub classes Apterygota or wingless insects and Pterygota or winged insects. The subclass Apterygota includes very few insects like silverfish, springtails, diplurans, proturans and all are ametabolous. The Apterygotes were grouped under four orders. The subclass Pterygota include a vast majority of common insects like moths, butterflies, beetles, grasshoppers, bees, flies, bugs etc. Insects like lice, bird lice and fleas are included under Pterygota because it is believed that the wingless condition of these insects is an acquired one due to their parasitic life. The subclass Pterygota is further divided into Exopterygota and Endopterygota. Exopterygota are hemimetabolous including 16 orders, whereas Endopterygota are holometabolous and grouped under 9 orders. The detailed classification is given below: Nw CLoss) ic ah) [ Superclass Hexapoda B y Class and Order: Protura Class and Order: Collembola Class and Order: Diplura Class; Insecta (True Insects) Apterygota (Includes 2 orders) Pterygota (3 informal groups) | Order: Order: Division and Division and Division: Archaeognatha Zygentoma Order: Order: Neoptera Ephemeroptera Odonata Subdivision: Polyneoptera Subdivision: Paraneoptera Subdivision: (Orthopteroid-Plecopteroid (Hemipteroid assemblage) Endopterygota Assemblage) Includes 4 orders q (=Holometabola) 1. Plecoptera : \ 1. Psocoptera nen 2. Mantodea 2. Phthiraptera 2. Neuroptera 3. Blattodea 3. Thysanoptera 3. Megaloptera 4, Isoptera 4. Hemiptera 4, Raphidioptera 5. Grylloblattodea 5. Strepsiptera 6, Mantophasmatodea 6. Diptera 7. Orthoptera 8. Phasmatodea Lap eiieaie m 8. Siphonaptera 9. Embiidina aiid 10. Dermaptera ee ey 18 9. Trichoptera 10. Lepidoptera 11. Hymenoptera 
