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.STARS EA J U L Y 1990
FlNDlNC OF NO SIGMF'ICANT IMPACT
UNITED STATES ARMY STRATEGIC DEFENSE COMMAND
AGENCY: U S. A m y Sualegic Defense Command (USASDC)
CO'OPERATING
AGENCY:Strategic Defense Initiative Organization
U.S. Depamncnt of the Navy
ACTION:ConductStrategicthe Target System (. W A R S ) Program
BACKGROUND:Pursuant to the Council on EnvironmentalQualityregulations for implementing theprocedural provisions of theNationalEnvironmental Policy Act (40 CFR I500-lSOS). Army Regulation 200-2. olief of Naval Operations Lnsouction 5090.1. and the Deparment of Defense (DOD)
conducted an assessment of &e potential environmental consequences of the STARS (^) program activities
Dil-eaive 6050.1 on EnvironmentalEffectsinthe United States of DOD actions. the USASDC has
for the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization. The Environmental Assessment considered all potential imlpacts of the proposed action alone and inconjunction with ongoing activities. The fmding of no significantimpactsummarizesthe resulls of the evaluations of STARS activities at the proposed installations. The discussion focuses on those locations where there was a potential for significant impacts and mitigation measures that would reduce the potential impact to a level of no significance. Alternatives to the STARS launch facility wereexaminedearly in the sitingprocessbutwereeliminated as unremnable. A no-action alternative was also considered. The Environmenral Assessment resulted in
a finding of no significant impact.
SUMMARY: The S T A R S program calls for design and development of the STARS boosrer
quantities available was^ underfaken.^ resulting^ in^ a decision^ to^ urilize^ boostcrs^ from the retired^ Polaris^ A
and ground support handling and^ test^ equipment^ A study^ of^ available boostcr^ assets. their condition, and
system to provide this ongoing launch capability. The A 3 first-and second-stage boosters. together with
athird-stage ORBUS I motor to provide maneuvering capability. will be used to delivervarious experimental payloads through near space to U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll. These payloads, will be sensors or targets that simulate re-enlry vehicles. This program would involve launching the STARS booster from the Kauai Test Facility (KTF). located on the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF). Kauai. Hawaii. The P b W security force would clear, close and monitor naffk to portions of the beach area and roads Io ensure publicsafety. The boosler would deliver target vehicles to the U S. Army Kwajalein AtoU. Republic of the Marshall Islands. where existing sensors can c o l l e c t data on the payloads.
The STARS program would include a number of aclivities IO be conducted at seven different sites. These activities arc^ categorized^ as^ design. booster molor refurbishment and testing.^ fabricatiordassembly/tesUng.
construction. [light preparation. lauilch/flight/data collection. and data analysis. The locations and types
of STARS activities are: Aerojet Solid Propulsion Division. Sacramento.California. boosrer motor refurbishment and testing; United Technologies Chemical System Division, San lose. California. design.
fabricatiordassembly/les~g; Pacific Missile Range Facility. Kauai. Hawaii, consmction in previousb
disturbed ma, flight preparation, launch/flight/data collection; SandiaNational Laboratories, New Mexico. design, fabrication/assembly/testing, data analysis; US. Army Kwajalein Atoll. Rtpublic of the Marshall Islands. flight preparation. IauncWflighUdata collection; Hill ForceAir Base. Utah. fabricauon/~sembly/lesting; and Hercules Incorporated. Magna, Ulah. boosrer motor refurbishment and
testing.
To determine the potential for significant environmental impacls as a result of the STARS prOgrmm. the
magnitude and frequency of the tests that would be conducted at the proposed locations were compared
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"STARS EA JULY^^1990
to the currentactivities and existing conditions at those locations. To a s c s s possible impacts. each
activity was evaluated in the context of the following environmenlal components: air qualiry. biological
T~X)UIUS, culmral resources. hazardous materidslwaste. infrastructure. land use. noise. public health and
safety. socioeconomics. and water quality.
FINDINGS: Environmental consequences were determined not IO be significant Tor all
activities at U.S. A m y Kwajalein Atoll. Sandia National Laboratories, Hill Air FOE Base, Aerojet Solid
Pmpulsion Division, Hercules Incorporated. and United Technologies Chemical Systems Division.
Potelltid adverseeffects to Subsurface cultural resourtes as a result of construction of the liquid propellant
testing. and amonitoring program. Although no significant cultural resources were observed during
holdingarea at the KTF on PMRF would be addressed by pmonstruction archaeological survey and
previous surface surveys of h e affected a n a. an archaeological testing program will be implemented prior to all ground-disturbing consauction activities. Should any cultural resources be found during the tesring phase. impacts will be mitigated by implementing an archaeological sampling and dam recovery program and/or by avoidance. An archaeological monitoring pmgram will also be implemented to address ground-
disturbingactivitiesduring consuudon Should cultural ~esourccs be discoveredduring this phase,
impacts will be mitigated by carrying out a pre-established archaeological sampling and data recovery
plan.
The Newell's shearwater. a Federally listed threatened bird species. may be attracted to STARS program floodlights during consuuction and operational activities. Mitigation will consist of using U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service-approved lighting that would minimizc upward g l a r e. Potentially significant impacrs on the Category 1 candidate endangered plant O p h i o g b m concinnwn will be avoided by rnonimring the consuuction site, avoiding proximity to any observed concenmtions of these plants. and transplanting individuals from the consauction site to any appropriate habitat within P W.
Liquid propellant hydrazines and N,O, (less than 57 liters 115 gallons] of each) would be used on some STARS payloads. These propellants are highly toxic and injurious Io humans, plan&. and animal life and may cause respiratory distress in humam if a spill or leak cam. Measures to reduce impacts on h u m a n s
and biological mou~ces include (1) building holdine and fueling areas with catchment basins to contain
spills. (2) minimizing the quantities of propellants and oxidizers stored at KTF. (3) safety procedures such
stopping any leaks^ that may develop and cleaning up any spills^ that^ may^ occur^ to^ minimize exposure^10
as those defmed in AR 2CNl-1. NASA. and Air Force Regulations will be followed, (^) which include quickly
hurnans. vegetation, and wildlife. and (4) use of personnel protective equipment and engineering conuuls. During re-entry the liquid propellant tanks would break up. dispersing the remaining propellant in the armosphere. This release is minor and would not affect the global natural resources.
Becausethe hightempcratum associated with a S T A R S launch could i g n i u : adjacent vegetation. a portable blast deflector shield will be used in the vicinity of the launch pad to protect vegetation. The potcnrial for starting a fim would be funher reduced by clearing all dead brush from around the launch
Spraying the vegetation adjacent to Ihe launch padwith water just before launch^ to^ reduce the^ risk^ of
pad,Additional measures to avoid impacts to vegdation, wildlife. and cultural resources are: (1)
igrution. (2) Having emergency fire crews available during all STARS launches to quickly extinguish fires. (3) Using an open (spray) fire nozzle. rather than a directed stream. when possible in extinguishing fires to a,void erosional damage to sand dunes and prevent possible desrmction of cultural resources in the dune
area.
Implementation of proposed mitigationr will result in rcduction of these impacts to a not significant level.
L
HI-00033-BKS
STRATEGIC TARGET
SYSTEM (STARS)
JULY 1990
ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT
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I PERFORMINGORGANIZATION R €? O R T hUMBER(S) 5. MONITORING ORGANIZATION AEPORT NUMBEW)
- 6a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANlZAllON (^) 6 0. OFFICE SYMBOL U.S. Army S t r a t e g i c D e f e n s e Command
111 appbcable)
H u n t s v i l l e , Alabama 35807
P.O. Box 1500
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7, NAME OF MONllORtNG ORCANIZAT~ON
7b. AOORESSiCify. Sfarc. and ZIPCodrJ
" 8a. NAME OF FUNOINGISPONSORING 0RGANI:CATION
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PROIECT TASK WORK^ >NIT ACCESSION NO.
- 11. TITLE Ilnclud. k u r y Cl*SStiCJtiOnJ
1 1. PERSONAL AUTHORW
S t r a t e g i cT a r g e tS y s t e m (STARS) E n v i r o n m e n t a lA s s e s s m e n t
STARS E n v i r o n m e n t a lA s s e s s m e n tT e a m , Mr. Randy G a l l i e n ,C h a i r m a n 13.. m P E OF REPORT l l b.^ TIME^ COVEREO FROM
14. DATE OFREPORT (Year. Month. D a y ) I S. PAGE COUNT TO - 1990 J u l y^ I 16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTAllON
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20. OISTRI~UTIONIAVAILeBILIN OFABSTRACT
21.. NAME OFRESPONSIBLE INOlVlOUAL 2 l b.^ lELEPHONE^ ( I n d u d.^ AmaCode) 22c.^ OFFICE^ SYMBOL
~ U N C W S S l f l E D N N L l M l T E D 0 SAME ASRPT. 0 OTICUSERS
2 1. ABSTRACTSECURITYCLASSIFICATION UNCLASSIFIED
Mr. R a n d yG a l l i e n ( 2 0 5 ) 895-329L CSSD-EN
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DD Hbrm 1473. JUN 86 Pmwws&'tION*m O w e n. SECURIN^ CLASSIFICATIONOFTHISPAGE
UNCLASSIFIED
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" EXECUTIVE^ SUMMARY
The Strategic Defense initiitive (SDI) program, announcedby former President Reagan on March 23. 1983. Is an extenske research program deslgned lo determine the feasiblli of developing an effectbe ballistic missile defense system. As part of its research and development &fats foT the SDI. the U.S.
Target System (STARS) lo provide the capabUity lo launch test objects and
Army Strategic Defense Command (USASDC) is developing the Strategic
candidate operatlmal systems. STARS would use a threestage. sdid
instrumented platforms to support the test and evaluation of experimenlal and
propellant booster to launch non-nudear payloads for research that would
provide crilM information f o r SDI decisions.
The program calls for design and development of the STARS booster and
ground support handling and testequipment. A study of available booster
assets. their condklon. and quantkleS available was undertaken, resulting in a
p r o p o d Io ulnlze boosters from the retlred Pdaris A3 system lo provide thls
ongdng launch mpabi!ly. The A3 first- and secmd-stage boosters, togelher
whh a thlrd-stage ORBUS 1 motor to provlde maneuvering capabillty, would be
used to deliver various experimental payloads through near space on a
subrbltal Uajedcry. These payloads would be sensors IY targets that woldd
simulate re-enlry vehides. B m t e r srjtems are needed that candelker target complexes to U.S. Army Kwajaleln Atdl (USAKA). Republic of the Marshall Islands. where existing sensors can cdlect data on the payloads. The STARS
testing. fabrlcatlonlassemMy/lesting. Right preparatlon. iaunch/flighUdata
program acthmles would conslst of deslgn. booster motor refurbishment and
colledbn. and data analysis: These adivities wwld be cmduded at seven
dmerent locations.
Two bemnsbalion fli@~ts are phnned as part d lhe development program.
The first would be a deslgn demonstratlon flight to be targeted Io the broad
mean area well n o m of USAKA; the secMld would fly payloads for multiple erperiments to a target pdnt near the USAKA range ampleu. Up t o f w r
STARS launches peryear are anticipated w w a 10-year period, beginning in
spring 1991. All payloads will be nm-nudear.
The purpose of this Environmenral Assessment (EA) is to assess the
environmental consequences of the STARS development program andsystem
operations in compliance wkh the National Emironmental Pdicy Act, the C o v n c n on ErmlronrnenlaiQua regulatlons lmplernentlng the Ji Act. Department d Defense @OD) Direclive 6050.1, h y Regulation 200-2, and Chlef d Naval Operaliars InsLnb5bn 5090.1. This EA will address STARS
booster and inlttal pagoad operations. The STARS p q a m woldd lnvdve
various payloabs. Adiviiies related to these p-ms would be reviewed
against this document, and any devbtlon from thiserrvironmenralassessment - ' wotid be addressed by separate environmentaldocumentalbn
To asses the slgnfficance of any Impact. the list of proposed.STARS program
were thencompared with descriptionsof the affected environment at the
acttvities was flrst translated Into facilitles and personnel requirements. which
progam activity laatbns. Assessment CYllerta were then appliedto me acttviiles IO determine whether or not there was any potential for signincant " r s V 7 l e Q h x E C s J U s-
STARS EA (^) .~
some potential for^ Impact.^ no^ matter how slight, theacthty was evaluated^ ro
environmental (^) consequencas. Ifa poposed adivity was determined lo present
a- the potential for slgniflcant impacts. considering the Intensity. extent... and context in whW t h e impact 6ca~rs.PclenLiaiiy sipiflcant impdS were e b a i u a t e d to develop mnigatlon opportunities that would reduce thepotentially signihnt impact determination. ifadequate mitigation measures were Mentified. they wereexplicitly incorporated Into the proposed action.
Based on the app4lcatlon of thls methcddogical approach. the following
determinations of environmental consequences for STARS development
program acttvitleswere made: Aerojet Sdid Propulsion Division, Sacramento. California - envlronmentai consequences not significant Hercules Incorporated. Magna. Utah - environmental consequences not significant UnRed Techndogies Chemical Systems Dlvislon. San Jose. California. envlronmentd consequencesnot slgnikant Hili Alr Force Base, Utah - envlronmeml consequences not significant Pacific MLssae Range Facfllty. Kauai. Hawaii - environmental consequences potentially signifkant but mitigable .* Sandh National Laboratories. N e w Mexico - environmental consequences not signMcarr U.S. A n y Kwalalein Atdi. Republic of the Marshall Islands - envlronmentd consequences not significant.
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STARS development program activities atthe PacKc Missile Range Facliity
(PMRF) could have potentially significant but mitigable envlronmentai
ansequenws for wkmi and bidoglcal msources. Pdentbl elfeds to
subsurface cultural resources asa result of construction of a liquid propellant
hddlng area at the Kaual Test Facility (KTF)on PMRF would be addressed by
Although no significant culturalresources were observedduring previous
paconstructionarchaedoglcal survey and testing^ and a^ mmitcring pogram.
surface surveys of Uw affectedarea. an archaedogical testing program would be implemen!ed prkr Io all grcunddislwbing mnssblldlon adivities. Should any culturalresourus be found during the testing phase. impacts would be mitlgatd by implementing anarchaedoglcal sampling and data recovery
also be implemented to address grounddlslurbingactivities during
pcgram and/or by avoidance. An arch?oIajcai monitaiq program would
anslrudbn Should a ~ k u f a i resatrms be dscovered during this phase.
sampllng and data recwery plan.
impacts would be mltlgated by carrying out a preestablished archaeological
anstructbn adlvkies would also m a r at PMRF. The NeweU's shearwater. a
Polenthiiy significant but mitlgablebidoglcal resource consequencesfrom
floOai@!sduring a r s m d b n and operational adivltles. Millgatlon would
Federally listed threatened bird species, may be anracted to STARS project
consist of using U.S. Fish and Wildlire Sewiceapprw-&I lighting that would
minlmbe upvard dare. Pdenthily signihnt impads on the Categay 1 candklate endangered plant Ophioglossumconclnnum would be avolded by
monitoring the construction site, avoiding proximity to any observed
s-2 **I o. V I? ~ C s J M
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STARS EA
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"STARS^ EA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
€k!x
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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1 -.I
1 - 3 1 4 1 -ti
1. f.
1 -Y
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2- Z-:! 2- 2 4
24; 2- 2-fl 2-
2-1 2 3- X! 3-
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2- 3- 3-
LIST OF FIGURES
Elmi 'TypicalStrategicTargetSystem(STARS) ..................................................................................... 2 STARS Test Locations................................................................................................................... 6 Strategic Target System Functional Concept................................................................................. 7 IEristingandProposedSTARSFacilities ....................................................................................... 11
IExplosive Safety Owntity Distances for STARS Facilities............................................................ 15
IExisting Telemetry Data Gathering and Sending Locations for STARS ....................................... 18
RS 'Typical 21
I-ocation Map of Aerojet Sdid Propulsion Division, Sacramento. California.................................. 30 I-ocation Map 01 Hercules Inc.. Magna. Utah ................................................................................. 31 Ibcation Map OI United Technologies Chemical SystemsDilslon San Jose, Callornia ............. 33 I-oocation Map of Hill Air Force Base. Utah ..................................................................................... 34 lacatlon Map of Paclflc Misslle Range Facilky. Kaual. Hawaii ...................................................... 36
.................................................................................................... ,".-, 1111.1al CT.nCUlnllU DYVVDLSI "."" . **".A">** I .a (^) ,"" I ""pw"". n l r "A "" ......................................................................... LL "
Vegetation Types at STARS Launch Pad Facility .......................................................................... 39
Areas of Known Potential Cultural Resource Sensitivityon the Mana Plain.................................. 42
land Use on the Mana Plain.......................................................................................................... 44 IRecreationalUseAlongPMRF ...................................................................................................... 45 I'ublic Health and Safety Concerns at PMRF ................................................................................ 49 Location Map 01 Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico......................................................... 50
Approach for Assessing Impact Slgnificance................................................................................. 56
land Use Impact on Public Access Within ESOD Along PMRF Coastline .................................... 67
Location Mapof U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll. RepuMlc of the Marshall Islands............................... 52
!jTARSLaunchHazardArea ......................................................................................................... 76
LIST OF TABLES
... STARS Actirlles and Localions .................................................................................................... 5 IRecreational Lard Use atPMRF ................................................................................................... 47 Total Emissions From a STARS Baoster ....................................................................................... 72
!;TARS Emlsslon Rates and Concentrations ................................................................................. 72
" wqmrna ... 111
201 1586 ,>.~~- ... .~..
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ExperimenVPayload Section
Orbus-1Third-StageS o l i d 1 ~~ ~
Rocket Motor Guidance and Control .+:;.?;$ :. - \
,,I ,:.:.<^.. ......,. .,,:..^ .,.." :.^ '. .111.*
Length 34 Feet
Diameter 54 Inches Typical Strategic Target System (STARS)
Figure 1-
"STARS^ EA
The U.S. Army Strategic Delense Command (USASDC) was directed by the Strategic Defense Initiative Organizalion (SDIO)to evaluate various possibilities for a booster. eithercontraalng f o r development of a new booster or using existing assets. A siudy of a v a i a b booster assets. their condition. and quantities available was undertaken. resultingin a proposalto utilize boosters from the retlredPdarls A3 booster systems to provide this ongoing launch capabilty.
The A3 booster system wasseieded fm use as the STARS booster f o r several reasons:
. Sizable quantitles of first- and second-stage boosters were availaMelrom the uavy and were tianslerredto USASDC fa the STARS program. . A large technical data base was availablefrom the U.S. Navy Special
Projects OMce through thelrm booster contractors.
. Alrxillary equipment k available f o r testlng and assembling the missiles. . Baseline performance 01 Ihe A3 boosters and the additionof a guided third stage satisfytechnical requirements and allow moderate flexibilityin payload welghts andreentry conditions.
These fadors represent a significant cost savings because a new booster system doesn d need to be developed.
The Kaual Test Facility (KTF). located on the Pacific Missile RangeF a c i i i
available tnstrumntatlon and launch facilities. LaunchesIran KTF to USAKA
(PMRF). Kauai. Hawaii.was selected as a launch site becauseit had some
could provide the standard experimentalRight profile most desiredby SDI exprimentors. This flight pofile is similar to that pwided by the diminishing MINUTEMAN I assets.
1.2 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THEACTION
The purposeof the STARS program is to provide the capabilityof carrying various experlmental vehicles and equipmentbayloads) through spaceon a suborbital balllstk trajectory to test developmental elements of the SDI system and other supponlundiom. The USASDC. in supporting theSDI research and development effon. requires sufficient quamities d boasters with the necessary
vehicles lo (^) USAKA to slrnuiate lntercontlnental baiilstic missile (ICBM) re-entry
thrust and manewerlng capability to delhrer non-nudear. experimental payload
conditions. These exparirnints are requlredto wailrate research data on candidate operatlonal systemsto determine the feasibility 01 developing an effectbe ballistic rnlssUe defense.
By firing two stages upwardand the third stage downward during the descent. the pylmd slrnuktes ICBM reentry mndtlons in the vidnlfy of USAKA.
3.763 kilometers (2.338miles) f r a n edsting laciiilles at KTF. Most laundes
are plannedto carry target dellvery systems; however, some mislons may be highly lofted probes carrying measurement platformsto near-spaceto observe other exoatmospherlc bodiesor measure natural background conditions.
STARSEA
..-."I ICIPLC r (^4) I-. I. STARS ACiiL'iiiES AND LOCATiONS
Aerojel Sdld
Unhed
PtopulslonHerculesChemlcal Dhrlslon. Inc, Systems lnstallatlon
Technologies P a c k Mlsslle Range FacllHy
Sacramento,Magna, Dhrlslon, To Be
SupportFncllkleziSandlaNatlonal U.S. ArmyKwajaleln Hlll AFB, KaualTestFscllity, Labralodes, Atdl, RepuMlc of the Acttviiies UT CA San Jose. Determined CA ur Kaual. HI Albuquerque. NM IslandsMarshall Deslgn X X Booster Maor Refurbishment and Testing 1st Stage 2nd Stage Testing (Statlc Firing) FabrlcatlonlAssemblyI Testing 1st and 2nd Stages 3rd Stage
.' Construction X
Flight Preparation
1 Launch/FllghU ; Data Collecllon.': : m
13
X X
X X
I I i ' q
Acqulre and Track Booster and "I Targets X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
6 Kauai
d a
Hawaii V
Roi-Namur
"-#....
Kwajalein Atoll
'. 1. Kwajaiein
**2. HILL AIR FORCE EASE
- SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES**
3 HERCULESINCORPORATED
**4. AEROJET SOLID PROPULSION
- UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CHEMICAL
- PACIFIC MISSILE RANGE FACILITY AND** 7. U.S. ARMY KWAJALEIN ATOLL
DIVISION
SYSTEMS DIVISION
SUPPORT SITES
Not to Scale
STARS Test Locations
Figure 1-
