Arlo Clark-Foos, Ph.D.
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Accumulated knowledge that is not tied to any particular event, time, or place, but is also subject to conscious recollection. ◇ Flexibility.
Typology: Study notes
2022/2023
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Arlo Clark-Foos, Ph.D.
Medial Temporal Lobes
Henry Molaison (HM) (1926-2008) Consequences of bilateral removal
Autobiographical Memory
Is it episodic memory? Diary Studies (e.g., Linton, 1975): 5,500 events Memory for unique and emotional events Preferential recording? Brewer’s (1988) Pager study Childhood amnesia Reminiscence bump
Chickens and Eggs
Tulving
Episodic depends on semantic Bransford & Johnson (1972)
Conway/Rajaram
Episodic to semantic shift
Verfaellie/Neath
Interdependent
Encoding
Mere exposure
BBC Radio announcement (Bekerian & Baddeley, 1980) Memory for everyday events
Connections to existing memories
Bransford & Johnson (1972) again.
LOP Recall
Encoding
Levels of Processing (AKA Depth of Processing)
Craik & Tulving (1975) (^) Rogers, Kuiper, & Kirker (1977) Nairne, Thompson, & Pandeirada (2007)
Context Dependent Memory
Encoding Specificity Godden & Baddeley (1975) Transfer Appropriate Processing Marsh’s bet Studying for Exams Advice from How High and Eich et al. (1975)
Testing Memory
Free Recall
What is the Latin word for arch?
Cued Recall
What is the Latin word for arch? F________
Recognition
What is the Latin word for arch? A. fenestra B. fornix C. fundus
Memory Failures
Passive vs. Directed Forgetting
Memory Failures
Interference
Memory Failures
DRM again Loftus & Pickrell (1995) Wade et al. (2002) Slate (online magazine) Innocence Project
Making Lasting Memory
Consolidation and reconsolidation W. Estes’s perturbation model Electroconvulsive shock and ECT Vulnerability of new and recently accessed memories transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Temporarily increases excitability, increases recall
THE BRAIN
Semantic Memory
Sensory vs. Association Cortices Specificity of Encoding Peanut vs. Banana (Thorpe, Rolls, & Maddison, 1983) Steve Carell, Whoopie Goldberg, and Bill Clinton Quiroga et al. (2005)