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EPSY 2130 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
Self-fulfilling prophecy and name example: - Answer - groundless expectation that turns out to be true; a prediction that directly/indirectly becomes true ex: Coach doesn't play freshman very often because they have less skill. When coach does put freshman in, they end up being rusty and not doing well which fulfills the coaches expectation; Another one could be not being able to get into to college but I knew I could and I wanted to show that I could, I just needed a school to give me a chance and I now go to UGA Divergent questions and name example: - Answer - multiple answers ex: "What character best describes you?" Accent - Answer - pronunciation of speech sounds "pygmalion effect" and name example: - Answer - Teacher holds high expectations and student makes exceptional progress as a result ex: teacher giving positive feedback to a student and believing in them that they can do better and student does do better. Culture - Answer - knowledge, skill, tradition, values, beliefs, that guide behavior in a particular group of people Group focus and name example - Answer - keeping as many students involved in appropriate activities and avoiding narrowing in on just 1 or 2 students. ex: In high school math, my teacher gave us white boards and we would write the math problem that was on the board onto our white board and have to solve the equation. Once we were done, we held up our answer. pragmatics and name example - Answer - appropriate use of language to communicate in social situations (entering a classroom, entering a conversation, tell a joke, interrupt, etc.)
- younger children tend to use simpler sentences ex: "Come here!" movement management and name example - Answer - ensuring that activities are going at a good pace and have smooth transitions ex: teacher ends a lesson and doesn't begin the other subject until math stuff is all put away to avoid distractions
gender roles - Answer - the way in which females and males should behave ex: females- playing with barbies, kitchen, etc. boys- action figures, violence, etc. formative assessment - Answer - ungraded assessment that is given before or prior to a lesson being taught to measure what students already know ex: pretest gender biases - Answer - favoring one gender over the other resilence - Answer - adapting well in times of stress; "bouncing back" from difficult experiences ex: when Haley's dad passed away, she came to school the next day balanced bilinguals - Answer - speak, read, and write well in 1st native language and English stereotype threat and name example: - Answer - fear of confirming a negative stereotype due to the group you belong to. ex: a black doctor is the only black doctor at her work; she feels as if she makes a mistake or is late to work, people will dictate that on her being black sustaining expectation effect and name example: - Answer - student performance is maintained at a certain level because teachers don't recognize improvement ex: child gets a good grade on test but teacher doesn't change expectations toward student because student does't usually make these kinds of grades cognitive domain - Answer - remembering and reasoning natural/logical consequences and name example: - Answer - instead of student getting punished for actions, allow students to just deal with the consequences that will occur ex: natural consequence- when Logan argues about not having homework, don't punish him but just let him deal with the consequences at school logical consequence- lying (losing trust); when Kannon lied about going to Macens and ended up going to Nate's house, now he isn't able to go to Macens at all socioeconomic status - Answer - combination of an individuals work status as well as individual's economic position based on income, education, and occupational prestige
ex: a standard door is not accessible to everyone because someone in a wheelchair is not able to open it and get in. If a large switch is installed, this enables access to everyone whether it being someone in a wheelchair, man carrying a box, small child, etc. dialect and name example - Answer - a variety of language spoken by a particular group ex: English dialect: American, Canadian, Australian, British (all languages have the same language but different words mean different things) adaptive teaching and name example: - Answer - teacher assigns challenging assignment to students and allows support when needed; teacher slowly lets off of support as students begin to understand the assignment ex: teacher gave a class a challenging assignment that even was challenging for the most advanced students direct/explicit teaching and name example: - Answer -- best used for teaching basic skills
- teacher usually uses demonstrations or lectures ex: brief, clear presentations; reviews and advance organizers activate prior knowledge so that student is ready to understand generation 1.5 - Answer - students whose characteristics, language fluencies, and educational experiences are somewhere between a student that is born in the US and an immigrant that has just moved to the US. prejudice - Answer - negative thoughts about a particular group refugee - Answer - an immigrant or minority group member that is fleeing from home country because their country is not safe assertive discipline and name example - Answer - clear, firm, unhostile response ex: When Kannon tells me that he doesn't want to do something and I say "Kannon I need to follow the directions and clean your room" constructivist approach and name example: - Answer - teacher and student make decisions together about content, activities, and approaches ex: teacher tells class that they will be measuring the Mayflower but first she has them discuss different ways of measuring and then they come up with one way to measure flexible grouping and name example: - Answer - grouping and regrouping based on students learning needs
ex: 6th, 7th, and 8th graders are put in groups based on achievement, interests, and motivation taxonomy - Answer - classification system within-class group ability and name example: - Answer - teacher puts students into groups based on students similar learning needs; usually used in math and reading ex: when I was observing, teacher put students in different reading groups depending on their similarity level in reading monolingual/preliterate - Answer - may not read or write their native language or they may have very limited literary skills genderlect and name example: - Answer - the difference between how males and females communicate ex: on Friends, when Rachel tells Monica and Phoebe that her and Ross kiss, monica and phoebe want to know every detail about it and when Ross tells his friends, they are very mellow about it and then move on; girls are more enthusiastic active learning and name example: - Answer - students are actively engaged in activities ex: labeling a diagram, group work activities, debates, peer teaching differentiated instruction and name example: - Answer - teacher provides instruction based on student's learning needs. ex: teacher may design lessons based on students' learning success or continually assess and adjust lesson content to meet students' needs discrimination - Answer - unequal treatment or action of a behavior towards a particular group affective domain - Answer - emotional response; emphasize attitudes and feelings behavioral domain and name example: - Answer - stated in terms of observable behaviors; (what, conditions (how), criteria (when)) ex: Child will be able to underhand toss a ball using proper technique (what) to a partner (how) 2 out of 3 times (when) cognitive objectives and name example: - Answer - emphasize thinking, comprehension; first state general terms, then specific
informal assessments and name example: - Answer - ungraded assessments that gather information that can be used to determine student performance ex: journals, observations, student self-assessment (Journals are widely used) portfolio and name example: - Answer - collection of student's work; features their best work ex: written work, artistic pieces, powerpoint presentation norm-referenced testing and name example: - Answer - comparing test scores among others; designed to rank test takers on a bell curve ex: standardized testing, SAT, ACT test-retest reliability or stability - Answer - tests are given multiple occasions and student scores a similar score as the first time normal distribution and name example: - Answer - bell shaped curve; scores evenly distribute around the mean ex: the SAT; the mean is 500 and standard deviation is 100; if you score a 700, your standard deviation would be 2 alternate-form reliability - Answer - group of students take same versions of test and scores on both tests are comparable value-added measures and name example: - Answer - comparing actual growth to expected growth ex: 6th grader that is at a 3rd grade reading level; expected to increase a level every year split-half reliability and name example: - Answer - student does good on half the test but doesn't do good on the other half ex: student could have done good on all of the even number questions and not the odd questions and therefore the test questions are not precise criterion-referenced testing and name example: - Answer - measure performance against a fixed set of criteria ex: could be high-stakes tests or even low stakes tests
percentile rank and name example - Answer - student's raw score is compared with other raw scores of students ex: if a student scores at the average score or higher than three quarters of the class, that student's percentile rank would be 75 exhibition and name example: - Answer - prepared over a period of time; usually public ex: speech, presentation, art project, etc. behavioral objective and name example: - Answer - emphasize measurable thinking; state specific behavior to be measured ex: list, define, calculate, compare
