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CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
Equities ivy e8 1 ! ‘a Equilibitlum We the state @F a b process to none +he “Properties } like temperature pressure | Cconcentrat— y -lon of _+he System Ad mat show ; any change with tHme- i> Fouilt brlum is. attained when rates of b the tia _apPoSing process hecamea b eg ut y 5 rere Reactian Speed = Back ward Reachian Speed 7], y —] cmt » Lg » State eguili brigr.. ® Dynamic eguil! bry ny > > || Chemicat eguilibriurs is an eazam ple oF 5 Pynam to egull- ? Physic cal Foi brie — Only fnvalaresg y — PRausical ohanaes J —J rn cit as , »—” Chemroal equllibrium.= jnvalves Chem foal v- 4. Reach'ons F _|| Ty 28 “the PomatHoular ease oF Revers!h te ee eer: _._ ReatHon_, i aA + bB == «% +Y ¥ Date: t a Te Gas -soluHon equilibrium eq. Soda water Co, lq) = CO» Cin Sol™) i heres tere ee of equi. trig oF Physical a fF Oa". Prodess eG NE faut, involving gases can. Sek ma ID closed Vessel. ad, All__measurable praperties aF Pa temain_constant: Dynacnic in, ne-ure but steble. This equil. is governed. by Henry's bau. Mass—of a __gas _cAissatued iin a: given Mass _of a Solvent at any temp: Pe Sty 2 proportional to the pressure oF jg as _ahave the Solver. A Equi. dheie ja chemical process Trreveraible. Reaction. Ihe products formed ls a —______: do mof- reget +o give Fosaae the reactants caunder -the Same-= _concuttons Beer 2 At Bo > CED besa og Acid + Base — > Salt t water +Precipitotion Reaction: 4 “+ Combusi LOD Reaction. 2. || Reversible ReacHon~ This fedcHon +talres place in forward ae well as backward clipe chon. S.-Y U _lcaco,z (S$) == Cadts) + CO20g) - |LNy oy C9) == 2NO, CH) — || PCAs PS —= Pcks 69) #+ Clo Cg) ~ lane cg) =—_N2tg) + Op cq) ~] ue cq) + Do tg) == 2HT Cy) 2K lo Mem ocd equilibria mis a particular cace af Reversible Rex { Rate of Reaction ( At equi brian [Rate oF foruiard 2 Rate OP Back’ oern ware Hear Ke ‘
each product becomes Con Stant f 4 Ne. Rea. dont Reece iN R N | 4 re Prodmct P WVaers Proauct —¥ : : oY aw Laof “ass: fiction ee Given by err Mage tise) ——_| Tt states, thar +he Fare at which Gg -. | cubstance react Isp roporHonal +0 14s active mass and hence +he tate oF a reactian is proporHonal +o ——_ chem ical product OF active masses of the f | reactants - Ati Be ctPeO C J Active Mass (which Participate In tex” a Ratear rotward eax fairey aoe mr aie Rute of back ward reaxn x [C7 cid oe reachon is proaportional toa the Rate oF product oF the active masses OF reackanits each nalsed +o +he power 4 ‘ * ¢ egy al to pts. Stoichtamefria coe FEsoient Law af chemical ene : AAA! WA °F for warel re) | Rate af Forward reacHons CAT] rete kp faces Rate of backusarad reax ou nn Cey CB] q al ibrium Rate oF forward rex => Rate oF — bar els waged -rea® _kp CAL CQ 1: kool CO | ks = (c] CA] = ke 7 r [ke CAICBI 4 J equll. constant e.g. N24 SHo s—_ 2NiIs kp (No) CHT? = Kb CNH 7” | | | Ww | | | ! } 2 L_ KE = CNHs] a » Kp CN2] CHI iv 7 ~ ada. te 5 Wo types @F equilibrium Constant: Poe kee poner, active mass ih Given in terms bb QF no. oF males: ie > Motantrky, = [Nn 7 a CWI > aE 5 2. kp s Only Vvetia for 'Gdseous' Sy Stern |. Active mass t given LQ terms > Parat prescu fe Cp) Dd - i B*« | Aotive mass of satide are constant # 2 1s taken nity ta) p—tAct’ve mass OF o guid with gas in egil- ts token aunty C4) e - : = a TE reaxY ts wal aqueous medium Lg PHOT fs taken unity C4) . = z Write expressian £ nite For Kp and ke. For the reactians - e— 4 CaCOzeg) S Ca0cts) + Con (9) ( 8 Ket [con mot, Kp: TPses | atm Rn LC Date: / f rennet . Sil SO. Cg) 4 202 0 ek meas CF Ce Oe ps ee Ss: ee ee —— = ca 0 LE lep_ Ts CRT Fiinol ’ eh > flay ing “ = Ang > Ap- TR im i. 2 aw 1 So CItny _ bb) 3/2 25 SSS > oO Ae ae - =. - ” =§ 2. 3, 4/o. _| pfs a = / Vina Nocq)t. 3Ho tg) <== 2NH3-09) 5 Kp =4-44 Xx lo Sat d Etnd Ke. See’ « , Kp= Ke. (RTI a9: ——- ry pay 144% S/Cocaxtis 244x105 = Ke (0.082 %743] > bS 644 x 10-5 ( C0.08.xF 43 J-2 cs 144 x 10°75 CO.08x% S00)" KC = 44x a - a as 144 xlo% €8-08x4738)> .. EO CaxFF3 J , ) xl Kel ke only _olepends on temperature a _ || Characteristics of Equilibriom Canstant _ aie tr doesnot depend upan tg —- 1ortinl Cancentention OF reactants - “presence oF CStteL dy ssp i Presence: Age Inert = materion | ao TH dees, “depend. uponi= 1 fal lé) Mode _ oF rep resentation. 0 F_teax®. a: es | TE rogelan ig. reversed. ‘Wolye OF Kos. | is. _atsa _ inuversed+ 5 AtB = Cc CK) C == ates bed a [Reciprocal 10 each oti. LE constant _$ TE we multiply eq” by the equtl ell - me § oe é kis _k*. 1 TE swe clevided eq™ by tofk Is VK oF ke 2 on a 4 TE toe add rex® , chemical equil. wie he —— mult plieal i AB Ck) ¢ Xa ’y tk) r Atx == Bty Dk= Kiko) Vid la rz> temperature i i —k is . constant for a aiven sex? ot 4 = a given temp: ; kit) y \ eg kay = AM [m-t lem) ka? te Nethk,J g@3o3r LT & J AH = entnaipyor rexn CR 8.317) or , Hect - || TE DH=0, Ko=ke 9k 7 — { . n h AH 2=-ve Cexathermic ) iid ail AH=tve Cendothetmic ) diopayson Kal temg 5 kt i. lk N Cexother- ; mc) = Concen+ranan (iN \ a Ho = Ot T, =O: 01 , Hr = O°O2 ye il IL Kes cur” = 0.02x2 = 4 CHol CT2J o-1xd Tee k Stemi Ceres - ko = 0-4 ERTI™ =0-4 f ary @-5 Ha cgjt Lo Cg) == 2H TCg) ‘ _! SZ moles oF Hy 2 motes of To are kept ( a 40f Coniainer jF ke For 4ne rear” at 4 25°C [fs 49- Find +he- mo. OF moles oF 1 Tos ot equilibrivicn at 25°C. € Sol Ho Cq)t Tp Cq) = DHT cg) ‘ a intHol » 3 + 3 fe) ‘ FH egeul. (3->) (3-4) (2%) 4 ee t (3-e7 [8-x] faq ¢ Uvy Etol Erie f Liol 4 z om = Kee [a] i FR es OD s Cet CIq] Yao) pee : £3-*)” 630) * ; (10 7 ee Zs ie eee se Sy 2l- Fw = 2% } See 2233 Alo J | Na cg) + SHa cg) === ANH Cg) - 1 mole oF N2 and 3 moles oF H2 ate made to wsieqct in a 44 vessel. IF 257. oF N2 converty to NH3. Find ke. N2cog) + SH2 Cg) = 2NH2Ig) ke =[NH3]* , EN2] £CH273 intHal ~ 4 0 | , FH equi l- (4-2S7-0Ft) (3-30) low ‘)2 ay aie (2s) "(3 J “(3*] TT SO2 (9) + Noy tg) = S03 (9) + NO(g) - The equilibrium —_constant for this nex {s —1¢- IF 1 mole 6 EF eqch ae four gages iS __enclased _in a_vesse; of __ Vol: tt: Find equil, comof NO. TT . 4 Date: foi ke _ = ee 3:C 07 fA CBI “190.5 ff tee yt i eg t- «] lo 2 HX > lo-lo% = |4 x, = [-% : = > [x29] =0.9 18 G= yx bar] A > [+x = [40 - 8/3 = 1-87% Ans. Se er re ie pue-g! &SOs Cg) + Oo (9) = — RSox Ca) SOz and O2 gas are mixed /n a containe ha uing intial parttoal pressure 4 otm. €geh. Tr kp 24-83% atm-t. find the pactal pressure oF S® a+ equilibrium Cceanstant ‘volume a1 9.2) 280. + GO == 250, . PW snRT bil OF inttigl P ie) Latin tagtm P&nr Cll O-6 Ategui. CP) Ci tp) C4-P) all 0-8 2p. 14p C4 -op) Letrp is gone — : For easy calcaulay e kp > [Psoz] > UBL: (ropyt > [Pso, ]* [Pos (2P%) CLEP) ww Put varues ~~ OF p from apton for easy —CelouteHon ¢ pet prio: ) Hod! Answer = 04. @-0 Aa Cg) + Bo Cg) == 2B CY) eal, ———}-All_equiliprium we have o:2 moles Ag 0-3 rexn ) it motes Go, Gd moles AB. Total pressy re. eal Is € atm: Find Kp [a oe ein ee equil — (Oto stag} nn ae Oe rr! _ At Pa, = (0-2 . i QZatony [Po n, a ' dq = —t _2 Sod : L Dalton’ ee | ieee law | Pan = O-4 «6 —ttatm, 4 Q.6 i Pg OP pee hy DO PKE Mpg Oana SEAL SL ET ys Seen fac Sees Sw rs | — ~ 4 |_COcgq) 4 2H Cg) = Chg oH cy) O-2 moles of Cocg) in a SL Flask fs _* trade te react with Hs (gy) at BSoqee, _| | At equll> Ord protle of CH3 OH ¢g) cre 4 formed. Tf kp for reaction js kp 2% ca (49 Sa ¢ culate Cae Sol" ee co + Dey S== CH3Z0H & Pinttied OD AO gs Ategqul (o-2=") (a2) _ CHOH = SOLS | (02 -0-0 dee get | Cod) ened) COL) Date; ! 1 == <== —Types of _chemleal €quilibria ps — — oy _Homogeneous Equilibria ee ATT ARR AR | when ja an_equilibrium _reacHon alt the * reactanis and the products are. _# present are present jim +the Same 4 || phase (gas_or liquid), It is calted a 4 “_Homogen@us equll- 4 Herero geneous equilibria ae nee eererrr> an eee ens, a Reactants and products are present « in two dr more than two phase. 4 Degerae of Dissociation («) * No. of moles cissaciated per mole of © +he Feactant @ nif fos w <1] = ———4 >|lrr_ x:s4, it mean reaction is completed _ ‘ _ a _ Cirreversible), 4 XX = no. OF moles dissocioted 4 Teta! roles of teactant. —— ————___--—-- ——_—___—_( __ _ [Percentage clissociation = XA loo} a Qa Pols == Pols + Cie j we have 4 mole pCls in Yi vesses. Find ' the equilibrium cancentraHan oF each PCis Pets Clg [fF & =6-4. i k Solve iwitiod aa fe) © " equi 1-0:4 G4 0-4» F = Os {n )\ Q-6 G: d j a £ C4 G24 y )@-9 2QUTeg) = Ho cgdt To Cg) po fe i of HI is &- Find expressfon for equil. = Constant - ke oF the Fexn. p , Sv toitiad pi _6 6 equil (4-%) x x ) 2 2 [p) f_41-% ) oe ee | iw? Voy 7 av av - ke_= [27 [is J s jx \|Jx [. oh Cur? (2v Jev] We Jt-x YF G~%)” ke = =X 4 (i= )P 
