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Ethical Principles Study Material For
Final Exam
- Advocacy a. A nurse can uphold advocacy by giving patients a voice in their health care, like allowing them to refuse treatment. Nurses give patients legal representation when they can’t do it for themselves. b. A nurse could violate this principle by giving out the patient’s information to a person who does have the legal right to know it.
- Responsibility a. A nurse can uphold responsibility by giving a patient’s medicine on their schedule as indicated by the doctor. b. A nurse could violate this principle by not giving the exact dose of medicine at the wrong time. That would be failing responsibility of the doctor’s orders.
- Accountability a. A nurse can uphold accountability by showing up to work early and on time so they can prepare for their shift and read reports from the previous shift. b. A nurse could violate this principle by showing up late to work. This would cause the coworkers to stay and cover the shift until that nurse arrives. It also impacts the patients who are being taken care of because the nurse from the previous shift could be working more than 12 hours at that point.
- Confidentiality a. A nurse can uphold confidentiality by only discussing a patient’s medical condition with people who are authorized. b. A nurse could violate this principle by talking to a friend at lunch about the medical condition of a patient. It
violates the patient’s privacy.
- Social Networking a. A nurse can uphold social networking by joining groups for nursing education or the American Nurses Association. b. A nurse could violate this principle by updating their Facebook status and complaining about a patient’s actions during the shift. 2. Nursing standards of care considered the baseline for quality care. They must be developed while assessing the state and federal rules, regulations and laws that govern the practice of nursing. Other agencies and organizations may also assist in the development of these standards. Standards of care apply equally to nurses in various settings 3. Nursing and Health Promotion History 4. Role of the Nurse in Promoting Health Nurses provide patients the information they need to manage and ultimately improve their health. A nurse's work environment makes it easy to take advantage of a routine interaction with a patient and use it as an opportunity to educate. 5. Cost of Health and Wellness
8. Patient History elements; example of patient risk factor(s) 1. Biographical Information 2. Chief Concern or Reason for Seeking Health Care 3. Patient Expectations 4. Present Illness or Health Concerns
- Health History
- Family History
- Psychosocial History
- Source of History
- Spiritual Health
- Review of Systems 10. Effective patient learning strategies Determine the patient’s learning style. Stimulate the patient’s interest. Consider the patient’s limitations and strengths. Include family members. **11. Self-efficacy model – example
- Examples of domains of learning**
addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and behaviors. The health belief model helps you understand factors influencing patients’ perceptions, beliefs, and behavior to plan care that will most effectively help patients maintain or restore health and prevent illness. This model has three components: an individual’s perception of susceptibility to an illness, an individual’s perception of the seriousness of the illness, and the likelihood that a person will take preventive action.
13. Pender’s Health Belief Model
14. Trans-theoretical model – examples Stage 1 - Precontemplation - no action planned
Evaluation - medical professionals assess and evaluate the success of the planning and implementation processes to ensure that the individual is making progress towards his/her goals and is achieving the desired outcome
17. Healthy People 2020, goals, examples of LHI There are 4 goals of Health People 2020: 1. Attain longer lives with high quality: free of preventable diseases, disability, and premature death 2. Health equity: improve the health for all groups 3. Promote good health through social and physical environments for all 4. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors
18. Scope and Standards of Practice Goal is to improve the health and well-being of all individuals, communities, and populations through the significant and visible contributions of registered nursing using standards-based practice 19. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs/examples/physiologic needs a model that nurses use to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs. provides a basis for nurses to care for patients of all ages in all health settings. However, when applying the model, the focus of care is on a patient’s needs rather than on strict adherence to the hierarchy. To provide the most effective
Mammograms, colonoscopy, self-exams, STI screening
22. Health education/behavior change Any combo of planned learning experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire skills needed to make healthy decisions 23. Examples of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) Reminiscence, music therapy, pet therapy, meditation, massage, acupuncture, drinking green tea 24. ANA code of ethics establishes the ethical standard for the profession in its fervent call for all nurses and nursing organizations to advocate for the protection of human rights and social justice. **25. Nursing Scope of Practice
- Roles of the Professional Nurse – examples** Advocate, caregiver, teacher, communicator, counselor, leader, manager, collaborator 27. Chamberlain Care Model
Caring for ourselves informs and sustains caring relationships with our colleagues, students, patients, and the community we touch. Nurses and nursing students must learn first the importance of caring for self before caring for others. Physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually, Chamberlain Care begins with care for self.
28. Definition of Health
