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HUM 115
________ is disciplined thinking that exercises involve and exercises intellectual standards, skilled judgment, and observation - correct answer ✔✔Critical thinking Statements that are intended soley to convey information about a subject are called: - correct answer ✔✔Reports A three-line argument that includes two premises and a conclusion is a: - correct answer ✔✔Syllogism Statements in an argument offered as evidence or reasons in support of the conclusion statement are called _____________________. - correct answer ✔✔Premises A three-line argument in which all the premises begin with the words "all," some," or "no" is called a: - correct answer ✔✔categorical syllogism There are two kinds of arguments: - correct answer ✔✔Deductive arguments and inductive arguments The indicator word test, strict necessity test, common pattern test, and principle of charity are all ________. - correct answer ✔✔Methods to help determine/decide whether an argument is inductive or deductive. Which of the following is not a common pattern of inductive reasoning: - correct answer ✔✔hypothetical syllogism Inductive arguments can be either __________ or ___________. - correct answer ✔✔Strong or weak; cogent or uncogent In _____, the conclusion is claimed to follow necessarily from the premises. In _____, the conclusion is claimed to follow only probably from the premises. - correct answer ✔✔Deductive; inductive
All Republicans are pro-choice. Donald Trump is a Republican. So, Donald Trump is pro-choice. This argument is which of the following: - correct answer ✔✔deductive, valid The statement offered as a final statement in an argument is called a: - correct answer ✔✔Conclusion Barriers to Critical Thinking include: - correct answer ✔✔Self-interested thinking, self-serving bias, group bias, conformism, unwarranted assumptions, subjectivism, cultural relativism, and wishful thinking. "I've been attending all of the classes this semester; I should get an A for the course," is a/an: - correct answer ✔✔Argument (claim) because it has one premise and is intended to prove a claim. An ought imperative is a sentence that: - correct answer ✔✔Has the form of an imperative or command but is intended to assert a value or ought judgment Which of the following are arguments? -explanations -reports -conditional statements -none of the above - correct answer ✔✔none of the above Which of the following is not a type of inductive argument - correct answer ✔✔mathematical argument The Eight Standards of Critical Thinking are: - correct answer ✔✔Clarity, precision, accuracy, relevance, consistency, logical correctness, completeness, and fairness. What is the following: "If it rains 12 inches in one hour near Crabtree Valley Mall in Raleigh, then Crabtree Creek will flood and the mall will flood, too" a(n): - correct answer ✔✔Conditional statement Stereotypes are: - correct answer ✔✔Generalizations about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to all or virtually all members of the group
When an arguer attempts to sidetrack his/her audience by raising an irrelevant issue, and then claims the original issue has been effectively settled by the irrelevant diversion, he/she using a _____________________ called _____________________________. - correct answer ✔✔logical fallacy of relevance; red herring Based on the Chapters 1-6, when evaluating an argument with critical thinking, I should examine it for ALL of the following: - correct answer ✔✔Premises, conclusion, induction/deduction patterns, language, and potential fallacies An ostensive definition provides _______________________________: - correct answer ✔✔Provide a concrete example of the term The "Bigfoot" or "Loch Ness Monster" argument is also know as the _________________________. - correct answer ✔✔appeal to ignorance Words or phrases that provide clues when premises or conclusions are being offered are called: - correct answer ✔✔Indicator words A(n) __________ argument argues from premises regarding a percentage of a population to a conclusion about an individual member of that population or some part of that population. - correct answer ✔✔statistical Which of the following is an indicator word or phrase for an inductive argument - correct answer ✔✔likely When we use the word "critical" in reference to critical thinking, we mean: - correct answer ✔✔involving or exercising skilled judgement or observation Begging the question is a/n ____________________________________ when _________________________________. - correct answer ✔✔a fallacy of relevance; an arguer states or assumes as a premise the very thing he or she is seeking to prove as a conclusion
The __________________ fallacy occurs when an arguer appeals to a person's desire to be popular, accepted, or valued, rather than to logically relevant reasons or evidence - correct answer ✔✔bandwagon argument Wishful thinking is: - correct answer ✔✔The tendency to accept and defend beliefs that accord with one's own self-interest A ________________________________ definition is a definition in which the terms are defined in a way that they are generally used in the language. - correct answer ✔✔Lexical Which of the following is not one of the four tests for determining whether an argument is deductive or inductive: - correct answer ✔✔the general/specific test According to the text, the general principle we should use in deciding whether to accept an unsupported claim is ___________________. - correct answer ✔✔the principle of rational acceptance When applying critical thinking to language, we consider: - correct answer ✔✔both b and c Generally speaking, it is reasonable to accept an unsupported claim if : - correct answer ✔✔all of the above Vague words are: - correct answer ✔✔Words that have meanings that are fuzzy and inexact, and thus have debatable, borderline applications. "There is a 90% chance that operation will be successful" is an example of - correct answer ✔✔a priori probability Which of the following is NOT a type of inductive pattern from CH 11? - correct answer ✔✔mathematical argument A(n) __________ is an argument that relies on characteristics of a sample population to make a claim about the population as a whole - correct answer ✔✔inductive generalization
In writing an argumentative essay, you should follow these detailed, specific steps: - correct answer ✔✔Brainstorm key words to narrow your topic, develop research questions, research, craft a claim/thesis statement, organize your premises, and draft the paper, edit, and proofread. "Immigration must be stopped. If we have a relaxed immigration policy, everyone is going to move to the U.S. The more people that come here, the more our government will have to provide for them. The more our government doles out, the further in debt our nation will become, and this means the higher our taxes will become! The next thing we will find is that our economy will be in just as poor a condition as the one from which these immigrants came!" This is an example of which of the following fallacies: - correct answer ✔✔Slippery Slope "What are you still doing with an iPhone 7? Everyone's getting the new iPhone X! Get with the program!
- correct answer ✔✔Bandwagon Based on the Chapters 1-6 AND 8, when evaluating an argument with critical thinking, I should examine it for ALL of the following: - correct answer ✔✔The claim of the argugment; its premises and conclusion; whether it is deductive or inductive; deductive/inductive patterns; deductive/inductive attributes, language, as well as any logical fallacies or relevance and/or insufficient evidence. In addition, I must consider: Are the premises true? Is the reasoning correct? Does the argument conflict with my personal experience or background beliefs? Does the argument come from a credible source? The argument "I believe guardian angels exist; no one has proven that they don't" commits the fallacy of ____________________. - correct answer ✔✔appeal to ignorance The fallacy of __________ occurs when an arguer uses a key word in an argument in two or more different senses. - correct answer ✔✔equivocation
