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EXAM 1-CLASSICAL CONDITIONING/LEARNING
Ivan Pavlov - ANS - physiologist who studied the basic processes digestion and discovered his learning theory (classical conditioning) stimulus - ANS - an action that brings about a response response - ANS - a reaction to a stimulus spontaneous recovery - ANS - when a previously extinguished Conditioned Response (CR) returns after a rest interval aversion - ANS - avoidance classical conditioning - ANS - type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another, formerly neutral, stimulus unconditioned response - ANS - an automatic and not learned reaction to a given stimulus
Pavlov's experiment - ANS - NS - bell UCS - food UCR - drooling CS - bell CR - drooling Little Albert - ANS - NS - the rat UCS - loud noises UCR - crying CS - the rat CR - crying Little Albert - Neutral Stimulus - ANS - the rat Pavlovs Dog - Neutral Stimulus - ANS - the bell acquisition - ANS - in classical conditioning the process through which an organism learns to associate two events (the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus)
discrimination - ANS - when an organism responds to the conditioned stimulus but not to any stimulus which is similar to the conditioned stimulus. unconditioned response (UCR) - ANS - the response that occurs automatically when the unconditioned stimulus is presented. The UCR is a reflexive or involuntary response as it is predictably caused by an UCS. unconditioned stimulus (UCS) - ANS - any stimulus which consistently produces a particular naturally occurring automatic response (e.g. the food in Pavlov's experiments). conditioned reflex - ANS - a type of conditioned response that is so familiar and well learned that it occurs very quickly and with little conscious thought or awareness You stub your toe repeatedly very time you walk past your coffee table. Now, you notice a throbbing in your toe every time you walk by your coffee table. UCS, UCR, CS,CR - ANS - UCS stubbing your toe UCR feeling pain when you stub your toe CS walking past coffee table CR throbbing in toe when you walk past your coffee table
A toddler reaches out to pet a barking dog and is bitten by the dog which causes her to cry. Now any time the toddler hears a dog bark, she starts to cry. UCS, UCR, CS,CR - ANS - UCS being bitten by dog UCR crying because bitten by dog CS sound of dog barking CR crying at sound of dog barking Martin likes sour pickles which makes his mouth water whenever he eats them. Now, whenever he smells pickles, his mouth begins to water. UCS, UCR, CS, CR - ANS - UCS sour pickles UCR mouth watering due to the pickles CS smell of pickles CR mouth watering due to the smell of pickles learning - ANS - the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors. associative learning - ANS - learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequence (operant conditioning).
nativism - ANS - knowledge is inborn blocking - ANS - A phenomenon in which prior conditioning to one element of a compound reduces conditioning to other elements rescorla-wagner model - ANS - A cognitive model of classical conditioning; it states that the strength of the CS-US association is determined by the extent to which the unconditioned stimulus is unexpected or surprising.; learning is a function of errors prediction William James - ANS - Habits built up from inborn reflexes through learning;memory is built up through networks of associations empiricism - ANS - knowledge is acquired through experience Edward Thorndike - ANS - The law of effect; an animal's behaviors increase or decrease depending on the consequences that follow the response; puzzle box forgetting curve - ANS - Ebbinghaus; rapid initial forgetting, but progressively less forgetting with time.
non-associative learning - ANS - changes in magnitude of response to environmental events sensitization - ANS - An increase in the strength of a response with repeated presentations of a stimulus habituation - ANS - An organism's decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure to it observational learning - ANS - learning by observing the behaviors of others delayed conditioning - ANS - A procedure in which a CS is presented and then continues until a US is presented. best learning-predictive value simultaneous conditioning - ANS - A procedure in which a CS and a US are presented at the same time; virtually no learning latent inhibition - ANS - slower conditioning to a CS because of previous presentations of the CS by itself associative bias/preparedness - ANS - the tendency to associate some CS-US combinations more readily than others.
