Download Exam 1, part 2 | BIO 217 - Evolution and more Quizzes Theory of Evolution in PDF only on Docsity!
Essentialism
under this view variation is accidental imperfection ---Plato and Aristotle TERM 2
Uniformitarianism
DEFINITION 2 The present is the key to the past Championed by geologists Hutton and Lyell. TERM 3
Catastrophism
DEFINITION 3 Sudden violent and short-lived events were responsible for the current state of the earth TERM 4
Lamarck
DEFINITION 4 Theories: inheritance of acquired characteristics, its all spontaneous generation no common ancestor TERM 5
Darwin
DEFINITION 5 naturalist,use induction to form theory,Published the Origin of Species in 1859:2 theories (Descent with modification (evolution); Causal agent of evolutionary change (natural selection)
Five part Darwin theory
o 1) Evolution as such o 2) Common descent o 3) Gradualism o 4) Population change o 5) Natural selection TERM 7
Alfred Russel Wallace
DEFINITION 7 Father of Biogeography Wallace line Wallace effect mating barriers will form if they are helpful to create less unhelpful intermediates TERM 8
mutationist theories
DEFINITION 8 argued that discretely different organisms arose via mutation and that natural selection was not required for the origin of new species TERM 9
Richard
Goldschmidt
DEFINITION 9 Hopeful monsters theory TERM 10
Genetic drift
DEFINITION 10 the change in the frequency of a gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling
Taxonomy
study of classification TERM 17
Taxon
DEFINITION 17 unit of classification TERM 18
Systematics
DEFINITION 18 study of biological diversity and evolutionary relationships among organisms TERM 19
Symplesiomorphies
DEFINITION 19 shared ancestral characters. They arent phylogenetically informative TERM 20
Autapomorphies
DEFINITION 20 unique derived characters - tell us nothing about a taxons relationship to other groups
Synapomorphies
shared derived characters TERM 22
Maximum parsimony
DEFINITION 22 the simplest explanation, requiring the fewest undocumented assumptions, should be preferred TERM 23
Neighbor-Joining
DEFINITION 23 A clustering method that finds relationships based on the percent differences between taxa (distance) TERM 24
Maximum Likelihood (ML)
DEFINITION 24 given a specific model of evolution and a possible tree, this method calculates the likelihood of observing the data TERM 25
Bayesian
DEFINITION 25 maximizes the probability of observing a particular tree
Cladogenesis
splitting of a gene pool into two or more separate pools. TERM 32
Batesian mimicry
DEFINITION 32 involves a toxic model species and a palatable mimic TERM 33
Mullerian mimicry
DEFINITION 33 involves multiple toxic species which are all similar in appearance TERM 34
Evolutionary reversals
DEFINITION 34 occur when a character state changes from a derived or advanced state back to more primitive state TERM 35
Dollos Law
DEFINITION 35 complex characteristics, once lost, are unlikely to be regained
mosaic evolution
Different characters evolve at different rates TERM 37
individualization
DEFINITION 37 developing a distinct unit with genetic specification, development patterns, locations, interaction with other units TERM 38
Paedomorphosis
DEFINITION 38 is the evolution of a juvenile-like reproductive adult TERM 39
Peramorphosis
DEFINITION 39 evolution of hyper-adult features due to extended development TERM 40
Allometry
DEFINITION 40 the differential growth of different parts or dimensions of an organism during its ontogeny.
