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Exam 1 pathology Questions
with Solution
Question 1 Which of the following would provide active immunity? (A) Polio vaccine to prevent poliomyelitis B) Hepatitis B immune globulin for a needle-stick injury (C Antibodies transferred through breastfeeding (D) Tetanus antitoxin Question 2 which of the following is the best way to prevent the transmission of infectious agents? A) Wash hands B) Avoid public areas as much as possible C) Take antibiotics daily (D) Call the practitioner for herbal supplements Question 3 Which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk for an opportunistic infection? A)24-year-old who is immunocompromised B)70-year-old with congestive heart failure C18-year-old with diabetes (D) 30-year-old with pneumonia Question 4 Which of the following describes the role of neutrophils during the inflammatory process? A) They release histamine, a potent vasodilator B) They form antibodies to fight infection C) They remove microbes and cellular debris through the process of phagocytosis D) They release fibronectin to form a meshwork trap and stimulate the intrinsic clotting cascade. Question 5 Which of the following types of immunoglobulins is most prolific in number and is primarily responsible for providing defense against bacteria? A) lgA
B)1g D D)igM C)IgG Question 6 Which of the following describes the role of mast cells in the inflammatory process? A) They release fibronectin to form a meshwork trap and stimulate the intrinsic clotting cascade B) They form antibodies to fight infection
Question 12 Which of the following causes gout? A) Impaired liver function B)Excessive uric acid metabolism C) Loss of serotonin receptors
D) Impaired cardiac function Question 13 Which of the following disorders is caused by an inherited genetic mutation which lowers the amount of collagen in the bone. making bones britte? A) Hip dysplasia B)Osteogenesis Imperfecta C) Osteomalacia D) osteoporosis Question 14 An infection In a bone, which can lead to an abscess formation and sequestrum if not properly cared for. Is known as which of the following? A) Osteitis B)Rickets C)Osteomyeliti s D) Osteochondroma Question 15 Which of the following terms describes the wasting away or deterioration of muscle? A) Atrophy B)Myositis C)Hypertrophy D) Ankylosis Question 16 Which of the following musculoskeletal disorders is classified as an autoimmune condition? A)Muscular dystrophy B)Osteoarthritis C)Bone fracture D)Rheumatoid arthritis Question 17 Which of the following terms refers to an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue? A) Ischemia B) Hyperplasia C) Hypertrophy D) Atrophy
D) Positive throat culture Question 19 What chemical does the body release during a stress response? A) Histamine B)Epinephrine C)Progesteron e D)Estrogen Question 20 Which of the following are examples of passive Immunity? (Select all that apply) A) Immunoglobulin injection to treat immunological diseases B)Antibodies transferred through the placenta during pregnancy C)Pathogens entering the body to cause infection D) Attenuated virus injected into the body during vaccination E) Antibodies transferred through breastmilk to a breastfeeding newborn Question 21 Which of the following can be complications of bone fractures? (Select all that apply.) A) Fat embolism B)Osteogenesis C)Compartment syndrome D)Osteoporosis E)Osteomyelitis Question 22 A client presents with poison ivy on the extremities, face, and buttocks after an initial exposure 48 hours ago. This condition is an example of which of the following? A) Anaphylaxis B) Delayed hypersensitivity C) Viral disease D) Serum sickness Question 23 Which of the following is part of the first line of defense against disease? A) Intact skin B) T lymphocytes C)Phagocytes D)Fever
Question 24 Which of the following is an example of artificial active Immunity? A) Injection with antibodies against influenza B) Becoming ill after infection with influenza C) Receiving influenza vaccination D) Placental mom-to-baby transfer of influenza antibodies
shift from the intracellular space to the extracellular space? A) Hypertonic solution B)Isometric solution C)Hypotonic solution D)Isotonic solution Question 31
Fluid volume deficits may result from which of the following? A) vomiting and diarrhea B) Chronic heart failure C End stage kidney failure D) Cirrhosis Question 32 Which of the following causes edema? A) An increase in plasma proteins B) Hypotension C) Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure D) Dehydration Question 33 Which of the following is true about hyponatremia? A) It occurs when the body retains more salt than water B) It causes an increased thirst response C) It is potentially fatal due to swelling in the brain D) It occurs when the body loses more water than salt Question 34 An intubated client in the intensive care unit has had arterial blood gases drawn. Results show pH 7.58, PaCO; 36. Bicarbonate ion 31, and Pa0; 76%. How does the nurse interpret these results? A) Respiratory alkalosis with normal blood oxygen concentration B) Metabolic acidosis with hypoxemia C)Metabolic alkalosis with hypoxemia D) Respiratory acidosis with normal blood oxygen concentration Question 35 Which area of the body accounts for the highest loss of dally fluids? A) Digestive tract B) Respiratory tract C) Urinary tract D) Integument Question 36 Which of the following is a symptom of dehydration? A) Crackles in the lungs B) Weight gain C)Slow, regular pulse D)Thirst Question 37 A woman who frequents the gym has developed a circular,
D)Veruccae Question 38 Which of the following hypersensitivity reactions involves development of urticaria, or hives? (A) Type IlI (B) Type l (C) Type Il (D) Type Question 39 Extracellular fluid contains higher concentrations of which of the following? A) Sodium and chloride B) Sodium and potassium C) Calcium and phosphate D) Chloride and magnesium Question 40 Which of the following describes the steps of carcinogenesis? A) Progression, initiation, differentiation B)Promotion, Initiation, metastasis C)Initiation, promotion, progression D)Initiation, angiogenesis, progression Question 41 Which of the following describes cachexia? A) An infection from cancer B) A decreased metabolic rate C) Overall weight loss and weakness D) A condition caused by smoking during cancer therapy Question 42 Lateral curvature of the thoracic spine is known as which of the following? A) Scoliosis B)Sarcoidosi s C)Lordosis D)Kyphosis Question 43 Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized by which of the following? A) Muscle pain in the back and gastrointestinal symptoms B) Neurologic pain in the skeletal muscles C) Diffuse pain, fatigue, and tender points
D) Pain resulting from joint and muscle inflammation Question 44 Which statement is true regarding osteoarthritis? A) It is an inflammatory disease
A client with a herniated intervertebral disc has experienced limited mobility and paresthesia of the lower extremities. Which of the following contains an explanation for this symptom? A) Pressure from the herniation on the spinal cord is Interfering with nerve impulse transmission B) The client fractured his/her femur C) The client has compartment syndrome
D) The client also injured their lower extremities when their Intervertebral disc herniated
