Download Understanding Relationships: Definitions and Concepts and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
social exchange
mutual exchange of desirable rewards with others TERM 2
rewards
DEFINITION 2 gratifying experiences and commodities rewards should outnumber costs 5-to- TERM 3
costs
DEFINITION 3 punishing and undesirable experiences TERM 4
outcome
DEFINITION 4 outcome= rewards-costseither net positive or negativepeople want the best possible outcome they can get. Even if the outcome is net positive, it still may not be satisfying enough. TERM 5
interdependency theory
DEFINITION 5 separate from interdependence involves CL and CLalt
CL (Comparison Level)
CL: what we expect and feel we deserve in our dealings with othersoutcomes-CL= relationship satisfaction/dissatisfaction based on past relationships people who have had good relationships generally have a high CL TERM 7
CLalt (Comparison Level for
alternatives)
DEFINITION 7 CLalt: lowest level of outcomes that a person will accept from their current partner. could they do better elsewhere? includes both the costs of leaving the current relationships and the rewards that others could offer outcomes-CLalt= dependence/interdependence TERM 8
investments
DEFINITION 8 the things we lose when a relationship ends TERM 9
4 types of relationships
DEFINITION 9 happy-stable relationship unhappy-stable relationship happy-unstable relationship unhappy unstable relationship TERM 10
Happy-stable relationship
DEFINITION 10 outcome exceeds CL and CLalt.receiving better than what you think you should, and there are no better alternatives.
rewards and costs as time goes by
lack of effort: not worried about impressing or appearance access to weaponry: you know things about the person that you could use against them unrealistic expectations: Example- having a child may not bring a couple closer together. TERM 17
exchange relationships
DEFINITION 17 people keep track of and expect repayment for any benefits offered TERM 18
communal relationships
DEFINITION 18 people provide benefits because the other person wants or needs them. we also expect people to reciprocate when we want or need benefits too TERM 19
equitable relationships
DEFINITION 19 what you give and get from the relationships is proportional with what your partner gives and gets.proportional justice will produce a satisfying relationship TERM 20
to restore inequitable relationships...
DEFINITION 20 people may: try to restore ACTUAL equity: by changing their contributions try to restore PSYCHOLOGICAL equity: by lowering their expectations (CL!) abandon the relationship all together as a last resort
Rich Friendships involve...(5)
respect trust capitalization : sharing exciting news with friend. In return they are excited for you social support responsiveness: being attentive and genuinely interested TERM 22
Types of Social support (3-4?)
DEFINITION 22 Emotional: affection/acceptance Advice: in the form of guidance material: money or goods invisible support* discretely helping a friend TERM 23
friendships in Childhood
DEFINITION 23 rudimentary they play together cooperatively take pleasure in each others company Fair weather cooperation: friendship will just end if there is a conflict TERM 24
proximity seeking
DEFINITION 24 in adolescenceParent--------->Peer TERM 25
separation protest
DEFINITION 25 In adolescence distressed by separation
Gender difference in friendships
women: engage in emotional sharing, self disclose.their friendships are closer and intimateMen: friendships revolve around shared activities (golf, movies) less emotional sharingwhy?cultural norms about what is "manly" discourages closeness in mens relationships TERM 32
Shyness
DEFINITION 32 social reticence and inhibited behavior with nervous discomfort in social settings.concerned with what others may think of themthey: look at others less smile less converse less responsively causes others to treat them differently which further encourages shy behavior. TERM 33
How to overcome shyness
DEFINITION 33 care less about what other people think TERM 34
"How to win friends and influence people"
DEFINITION 34 become genuinely interested smile use their name be a good listener talk in terms of interests make them feel important TERM 35
loneliness
DEFINITION 35 feelings of deprivation and dissatisfaction from a discrepancy between the kinds of social reactions we want, and the kind that we have.
Social isolation
type of loneliness that occurs when people lack a network of friends and acquaintances TERM 37
Emotional isolation
DEFINITION 37 a type of loneliness that occurs when people lack a SINGLE intense relationship. They have no one :( TERM 38
What is
Love?
DEFINITION 38 A strong positive attitude involving emotionattitude: your evaluation of an object TERM 39
Sternberg's Triangular Theory of love
DEFINITION 39 3 basic components of love: intimacy*: feelings of warmth, understanding, communication, support and sharing passion: emotional arousal and sexual desire commitment: decision to stay in a relationship and maintain it *intimacy is important for long term happiness TERM 40
"Liking"
DEFINITION 40 Intimacy aloneex: platonic friendbased on Sternberg's Triangular Theory of love
"companionate Love"
intimacy+ commitment*best for long term relationship satisfactionbased on Sternberg's Triangular Theory of love TERM 47
"Consummate love"
DEFINITION 47 all three of the basic building blocks from Sternberg's Triangular Theory of love TERM 48
two factor theory of love (separate from
triangular love theory!!!)
DEFINITION 48 Love results from physical arousal belief that a certain person caused the physical arousal TERM 49
excitation transfer
DEFINITION 49 mis-attribution that occurs when a physical arousal occurs (increased heart rate at the gym), which fuels a reaction to a second, unrelated event (perceived attraction) TERM 50
"Love is Blind"
DEFINITION 50 a study in which men were either promised a date with a woman or not. the man then evaluated the woman's "lousy work". The men who were promised a date rated her work better than it really was.P 257 in textbook
Greek Styles of loving
eros: erotic ludus: playful and uncommited storge: emphasizes friendship and commitment mania: possessive and obsessive Agape: Altruistic and selfless pragma: practical love TERM 52
does romantic love last?
DEFINITION 52 not very long because it involves novelty, fantasy and arousal which all fade over time. TERM 53
America is conservative about...
DEFINITION 53 premarital sex teenage sex extramarital sex (sex outside of the marriage) homosexual sex TERM 54
sociosexual
orientation
DEFINITION 54 beliefs and behaviors which describe feelings about sex. The USA has a conservative or restrictive sociosexual orientation TERM 55
attitudes about casual sex
DEFINITION 55 Many think it is OK if it is within a loving and committed relationship
illusion of unique invulnerability
underestimating our own vulnerability to risk."bad things happen to other people, but not me." TERM 62
relational evaluation
DEFINITION 62 the degree to which they (the partner) considers their relationship with you to be valuable, important and close.sometimes we do not know what others think about us and that can become stressful. TERM 63
various degrees of acceptance and rejection
DEFINITION 63 Maximal exclusion----->ambivalence------->maximal inclusion max exclusion: they do not want to be around you (they will actively kick you out of their social event) ambivalence: they do not care one way or the other if you are included in their lives max inclusion: they want you to be around and the party cannot happen without you! TERM 64
our reactions to acceptance and rejection...
DEFINITION 64 Depends on: how much we want to be accepted by others (innate desire) what their accept ion or rejection means to us (social and cultural) TERM 65
Hurt feelings
DEFINITION 65 Hostility doesn't hurt as much as ambivalenceif others DO NOT want you to be around it doesn't matter if they dislike you just a little or a lot.
relational devaluation
an apparent decrease in others regard for us. Causes hurt feelings which resemble physical pain.(EX: going from dating to just friends)dismissive people are not as hurt by thispeople with abandonment and self esteem issues will be more hurt by this. TERM 67
ostracism
DEFINITION 67 the silent treatment as a form of punishmentnot a good form of punishmentpeople do not know what they did wrong because communication is cut off TERM 68
betrayal
DEFINITION 68 hurtful actions from people whom we trusted and did not expect it fromit is a broad category (ex: puking story that Dr.Curtis told us)betrayal is a common occurrence in relationships because you cannot meet someones expectations 100% of the time TERM 69
individual differences in betrayal
DEFINITION 69 white people betray others the most when compared to other racesmen and women do not differfrequent betrayers tend to be unhappy, maladjusted, vengeful, resentful, and suspicious of others TERM 70
deception
DEFINITION 70 intentional behavior that creates an impression of the recipient that the deceiver knows is false.
