Partial preview of the text
Download Factors Affecting Viral Replication and more Cheat Sheet Biotechnology in PDF only on Docsity!
HOST CELL FACTORS AFFECTING REPLICATION © Viral replication depends on host cell factors. OU The host factor determine whether a virus can successfully infect and multiply, namely; 1. Entry Factors: Viruses require specific receptors, co-receptors, and endocytic pathways to enter host cells. 2. Intracellular Machinery: Viral replication depends on host ribosomes, RNA polymerase II, transcription factors, nucleotides, and proteases. 3. Organelles and Metabolism: Viruses utilize the nucleus, ER, Golgi, endosomes, lipid membranes, and host energy supply for replication and assembly. 4. Cell Cycle: Some viruses need host cells in S-phase or manipulate the cell cycle to support replication. © The host factor determine whether a virus can successfully infect and multiply, namely. 5. Host Restriction Factors: Cellular proteins like PKR, OAS, Mx, TRIMSa, APOBEC3G, and Tetherin can inhibit viral replication. 6. Innate Immune Pathways: Host sensors (TLRs, RIG-I, MDA5, cGAS- STING) detect viral components and trigger antiviral responses. 7. Stress Responses: Autophagy, unfolded protein response, and apoptosis affect viral replication positively or negatively. 8. Physiological Conditions: Temperature, pH, ion channels, and nutrient availability influence viral replication efficiency. 9. Overall Requirement: Productive infection occurs only in cells that are both susceptible and permissive 
