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UNIT 4. ETHNIC GROUPS OF VIETNAM
I. VOCABULARY
Word Type Pronunciation Meaning communal house n /k əˈmju nl ha ː ʊs/ nhà rông, nhà sinh ho t cạ ộng đ ồng
Ex: We spent hours in communal house to talk with local people. Chúng tôi dành hàng gi ờ ở nhà
sinh ho t c ạ ộ ng đ ồ ng đ ể nói chuy n v ệ ớ i ng ườ i dân đ a ph ị ươ ng.
costume n / kˈ ɒ stju m/ ː trang ph ục
Ex: She wore a traditional costume of bright pink silk. Cô m c m ặ ộ t b ộ trang ph ụ c truy ề n th ố ng
b ng l ằ ụ a màu h ồ ng t ươ i.
crop n /kr ɒp/ v ụ mùa, v ụ tr ồng tr ọt
Ex: The strawberry crop is now in. Hi n đã vào v ệ ụ dâu tây.
ethnic (group) adj / eθn k/ (/ˈ ɪ ɡru p/) ː (nhóm) dân t ộc
Ex: Viet Nam has 54 ethnic groups. Vi t Nam có 54 dân t ệ ộ c anh em.
feature n / fi tˈ ː ʃə r/ nét, đ c điặ ểm
Ex: A notable feature of the church is its unusual bell tower. M ộ t đ c đi ặ ể m đáng chú ý cùa nhà th ờ
là tháp chuông đ c bi t c ặ ệ ủ a nó.
flute n /flu t/ː cây sáo (nh c cạ ụ)
Ex: He is playing the flute. Anh ẩ y đang th ổ i sáo.
folk adj /f əʊk/ thu ộc v ề dân gian, truy ền th ống
Ex: Folk songs are a part of our common heritage. Các bài hát dân ca là m ộ t ph ầ n di s n chung ả
cùa chúng ta. gong n / ɡɒŋ/ cái c ồng, cái chiêng
Ex: You can visit Gia Lai to enjoy the gong festival. B n có th ạ ể ghé thăm Gia Lai đ ể th ưở ng th ứ c
l ễ h ộ i c ồ ng chiêng.
harvest n / hˈ ɑː rv st/ ɪ v ụmùa
Ex: We have a very good harvest this year. Năm nay chúng tôi có m ộ t v ụ mùa b ộ i thu.
highland n / ha lˈ ɪ ə nd/ vùng cao nguyên
Ex: He is an English teacher in the Central Highlands area. Anh ấ y là giáo viên ti ế ng Anh ở khu
v ự c Tây Nguyên.
livestock n / la vstˈ ɪ ɒk/ gia súc
Ex: The heavy rains and flooding killed scores of livestock. M ư a l ớ n và lũ l ụ t đã gi ế t ch ế t r ấ t
nhi ề u gia súc.
minoriry n /ma ɪˈ ɒ ən r ti/ dân t ộc thi ểu s ố Ex: Lahu, Mang, and Brau are ethnic minority peoples in Viet Nam. Lahu, Mang, và Brau là các
nhóm ng ườ i dân t ộ c thi ế u s ố ở Vi t Nam. ệ
overlook v / ˌəʊ əˈ ʊv l k/ nhìn ra, đ ối di n ệ
Ex: We can overlook the sea from here. Chúng ta có th ể nhìn ra bi ể n t ừ đây.
post n /p əʊst/ c ột, tr ụ
Ex: The lamp post got bent in the crash. C ộ t đèn b cong do v ị ụ tai n n. ạ
raise v /re z/ɪ chăn nuôi
Ex: We raise turkeys mainly for the Christmas market. Chúng tôi nuôi gà tây ch ủ y ế u đ ế bán vào
d p Giáng sinh. ị
soil n /s ɔɪl/ đ ất tr ồng
Ex: The soil here is very poor. Đ ấ ở t đây r ấ t nghèo dinh d ưỡ ng.
staircase n / steˈ əke s/ ɪ c ầu thang b ộ
Ex: They walked down the staircase together. H ọ cùng nhau b ướ c xu ố ng c ầ u thang.
statue (^) n / stæt u /ˈ ʃ ː (^) t ượng
Ex: This statue is made of bronze. B ứ c t ượ ng này đ ượ c làm b ng đ ằ ồ ng.
stilt house n /st lt haɪ ʊs/ nhà sàn
Ex: We are meeting in our stilt house. Chúng tôi đang h ọ p m t ặ ở nhà sàn.
terraced adj / terˈ əst/ có hình b c thangậ
Ex: The landscape consists of low hills with terraced fields. C nh quan bao g ả ồ m nh ữ ng ng ọ n đ ồ i
th ấ p và ru ộ ng b c thang. ậ
weave v /wi v/ː d t, đan, kệ ết l i ạ
Ex: Workers weave silk thread into beautiful shirts. Nh ữ ng ng ườ i công nhân d t nh ệ ữ ng s ợ i t ơ
thành nh ữ ng chi ế c áo đ p. ẹ
wooden adj / wˈ ʊdn/ b ng gằ ỗ
Ex: The room was full of wooden furniture. Căn phòng ch ứ a đ ầ y đ ồ n ộ i th ấ t b ng g ằ ỗ.
Exercise 1. Fill in the blank with a word containing sound /k/. accountant knee column antique
- I didn't have time to read the whole article - just the first _____________.
- John works as an _____________ for a large corporation.
- My grandmother gave me an _____________ clock that's been in our family for generations.
- My _____________ hurts after running in the marathon last weekend. Exercise 2. Fill in the blank with a word containing sound /g/. frogs bags girl glass
- Do you think the ethnic minorities people have their own customs and (traditional) _____________?
- Which ethnic group has the smallest (populate) _____________ in Viet Nam.
- Some ethnic peoples in the mountainous regions still keep their (tradition) _____________ way of fanning.
- Which do you think is more (color) _____________ the Tay's or Nung’s costume?
- If you go to Sa Pa, you should try some (special) _____________ of the local people sold at the market.
- The (minority) _____________ are mainly concentrated in Northern uplands and Central Highlands.
- I have two tickets to a gong (perform) _____________. Would you like to go?
- Which ethnic group has larger (popular) _____________, Cho Ro or Chu Ru? Exercise 6. Fill in each blank with the correct word/phrase from the box. information display area stilt house little bridges cultural heritage a tour research ethnic groups Viet Nam Museum of Ethnology in Ha Noi offers an insight into 54 different ethnic groups of Viet Nam in an effort to preserve (1) _____________. The museum is full of (2) _____________ about traditional Vietnamese ways of life of all the Vietnamese (3) _____________. The display hall shows everyday objects representing each ethnic group, a (4) _____________ center, a library and an auditorium. Its indoor exhibition area provides you (5) _____________ which includes the Viet, Muong, Tay, Thai, H'Mong, Dao, Khmer, Cham, and Hoa ethnic groups. The outdoor (6) _____________ presents a variety of Vietnamese homes including a Tay (7) _____________ and a Viet house, each separated by a small stream and reached via (8) _____________. The museum is suitable for children, and all documents and signs are translated into English and French. Exercise 7. Decide whether these nouns are countable (C) or uncountable (U).
- The children are playing games. _____________
- I don't like orange juice. _____________
- She prefers drinking coffee. _____________
- There's some money on the table. _____________
- My mother is baking cakes. _____________
- There are a lot of ceiling fans in our classroom. _____________
- They need some glue to fix the door. _____________
- Have we got any bread? _____________
- He drank three big glasses of wine yesterday. _____________
- How many chairs are there in the living room? _____________
Exercise 10. Make questions for the underlined parts in the sentences.
- I stayed in New Zealand for six months.
- She called the firemen because her cat stuck in a tree.
- I bought two kilos of oranges.
- John wrote about his grandparents.
- I watched a very good film on TV last night.
- She made some coffee for her mother.
- Susan gave the money to her brother.
- We went to school by bus.
- I was tired yesterday morning because I worked very hard.
- Mary invited a lot of people to the party.
Exercise 11. Choose the correct option to complete the sentence.
- Do you know ____________ language is spoken in Kenya? A. which B. who C. what D. how
- ____________ is your blood type? A. Which B. Who C. What D. How
- ____________ do you play tennis? - For exercise. A. Which B. Who C. Why D. How
- ____________ can I buy some milk? - At the supermarket. A. Which B. Who C. Where D. How
- ____________ much do you weigh? A. Which B. Who C. What D. How
- ____________ hat is this? - It's my brother's.
built (2) _____________ the middle of the village. It is where community activities (3) _____________, meetings, wedding ceremonies, or praying ceremonies. It is also the place for reception of guests. The Rong House of each ethnic group has its own architectural style, design, and decor. Yet there are shared (4) _____________. In the village, it is often (5) _____________ house roofed with yellow-dried thatch leaves and having 8 big wood columns. The rafters are decorated with patterns of bright colours, depicting religious scenes, legendary stories about ancient heroes, stylized animals, and other familiar things of the village life. The most distinction of the decor of the Rong House is the (6) _____________ of the brilliant God of Sun. The Rong House is a (7) _____________ of the culture of Central Highlanders, an age-old and stable culture. The bigger the house, the wealthier the village is. It is a (8) _____________ of the whole village.
- A. find B. found C.to find D. finding
- A. on B. at C. in D. under
- A. take place B. take on C. happens D. occurs
- A. designs B. cultures C. customs D. features
- A. a big B. a bigger C. the biggest D. biggest
- A. painting B. photo C. image D. portrait
- A. signal B. symbol C. sign D. scene
- A. design B. respect C. proud D. pride Exercise 14. Read the text again and answer the questions. Hoa Binh and Thanh Hoa are two main provinces where there are more than 1.4 million Muong people living. They speak the Muong language which belongs to the Mon - Khmer group. However, some of them also know the Kinh language. They cultivate mainly wet rice on terraced land, watered by small brooks. They also make handicrafts and exploit forest products such as mushrooms, dried fungus, and ammonium to improve their living condition. Men dress in Indigo pajamas and women wear skirts with many colorful patterns knitted on. The Muong build their houses on stilts with 4-roof architecture, which are about six feet off the ground. They are wooden houses in the shade of big trees, huddling against the mountain, and looking out on their vast rice fields. Therefore, it is convenient for their living and farming. The Muong follow traditional religious animism, which means that they believe that non-living objects have spirits. They build altars in their houses to worship ancestral spirits and other supernatural spirits. One of their most important festivals is the “Going to the Fields” ceremony.
- Which province do the Muong live in Viet Nam?
- Which language group does the Muong language belong to?
- What do they do to earn their living?
- Why are their houses convenient for their living and farming?
- How do the Muong believe in animism?
- What is one of their most important festivals?
Exercise 15. Read the text and then choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. In Viet Nam, a market is a trading place, but many markets are not only about buying and selling things. They reflect the life of the community. A traditional market is a social gathering point for people of all ages and it is a new and exciting experience for children, a trading place for local craftsmen, and a chance for young people to meet. People go to the traditional market not only to buy and sell things but also to eat, drink, play games, and socialize. For example, if you go to Sa Pa Market, which is the highlands in the north of Viet Nam, you can see people wearing their nicest clothes and spending all day long at the market. They buy things, play the flute, dance, and sing. This is also a time to meet, make friends or look for lovers. That is why this kind of gathering is also called "Love Market”. Some other countryside markets in the Mekong Delta are held on boats. Most of the goods are sold at a floating market. The most exciting time is in the early morning when boats arrive loaded up with agricultural products.
- In Viet Nam, all markets are ______________. A. only trading places B. only about buying things C. only about selling things D. not only about buying and selling things
- A traditional market is a social gathering point for ______________. A. young people B. people of all ages C. local craftsmen D. children
- What can people do at the traditional market? A. Sell and buy things only. B. Buy and sell things, eat, drink and play games. C. Buy things and eat. D. Buy and sell things, eat, drink, play games and socialize.
- What do the ethnic people who go to Sa Pa Market do? A. They wear their nicest clothes, buy things, play the flute, dance and sing. B. They ride on a horse and sing. C. They drink a lot of wine and dance. D. They buy the nicest clothes at the market and look for lovers.
- Some of the markets in the Mekong Delta are held ______________are called floating markets. A. along the roads B. on the paddy fields C. on boats D. in the morning Exercise 16a. Make up sentences using the words and phrases given.
___________________________________________________________________________
- They saw lions and tigers at the zoo.
- He left the party at 11 o'clock.
- John went to the beach last Sunday.
- He gave her a bunch of flowers for her birthday.
- The company sent the new worker to California.
- My sister dreamt about a monster last night.
- My grandmother heard a loud scream last night.
- We went to the History Museum.
- He fell because he slipped on a banana peel.
- The teacher was angry because he didn't do his homework.
- It took us about half an hour to get to school.
- She last rode a bike two weeks ago.
- I bought half a kilo of cheese.
