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Florida Basic Recruit Training Program (Chapter 4) with 100% correct answers + easy to understand rationales (100% accuracy) What does the primary responding Prepares the offense-incident report officer do? : and the probable cause affidavit. The act or process of writing down | brief pieces of information concerning an incident, event, activity, or statement. Note Taking : Remember facts, a person's exact statement, complete the final | investigative report, and prepare for deposition or trial. Documentation also helps other officers, who may later be involved in a case. What do notes help officers do? When is the best time to begin taking Early in the interview and notes? | investigation. When taking notes what facts about : Name, address, date of birth, and the interviewee is important to | other basic facts. include? What are some additional ways to take notes? : Written statements and recorded : electronic evidence. Field notes should include what basic facts? Where did the incident take place? { When did the incident take place? { Who was involved? What happened? How did it happen? Why did it happen? Actions taken by the officer. Where (Interviewing and Report Writing Term) The location of an incident, proves jurisdiction. One of the first pieces of information that is obtained. Note the location in as much detail as possible. Answering where also requires naming the location of evidence. ; Example: "The incident occurred on : State Road 33, approximately three ! miles ease of Highway 99." and "| saw the knife lying on the kitchen floor, under a chair." When (Interviewing and Report Writing Term.) A legal requirement regarding the | statute of limitation and right to a ! speedy trial. Simply documenting the | date and time that the incident : occurred. If an exact date cannot be established, define a range of dates i as closely as possible. Time of an ! incident can be critically important to checking alibis given by suspects. marks, or inscriptions and estimated value. What should a description of a vehicle include? Type, make, model, year, style, exterior, and interior color, tag number, identification number, and any other identifying marks such as scratches or decals. How (Interviewing and Report Writing Term) How the incident occurred. Include what was used to commit the offense. Write the answers in your notebook. Often through observation, you can determine how an incident happened. Example: Did someone hit the victim with his or her fist? Did someone use spray-paint to tag the side of a building with graffiti? Did a vehicle strike a mailbox? Why (Interviewing and Report Writing Term) Reason for an incident, also called the "motive" or "the why." Motive may be a mystery during the initial investigation and may never be discovered. Do not jump to conclusions about motive or intent based on the first or loudest witness. Motive, often forms part of the criminal intent for an offense. Proof of criminal intent is essential in obtaining a conviction. Field notes should include information about possible motives and evidence of : intent. Action Taken by the Officer (Interviewing and Report Writing Term) Notes should contain information regarding the actions taken during the investigation. Include the case number in your field notes. Take : notes through out the information : collection process. What is the "Alternating Method?" Listen and ask the witness to pause so that you can write down the information. a.m. | Morning Vv | Victim F | Female DOB | Date of Birth p.m. | Afternoon or Evening mi | Mile Ww | White tod | Time of Day yr | Year s | Suspect B | Black aka | Also known as mo | Month yoa Years of age What is the purpose of an interview? To collect and establish what { occurred during an incident. The goal is to obtain a truthful statement, admission, or confession. What does the pre-interview process include? Determining whom to interview, when to interview them, the order in which to interview them, where to interview them, what information to obtain, and how to record the interview. What Information Centers should you run you interviewee's name through? Florida Crime Information Center/National Crime Information Center to determine if they area wanted person. What is important when interviewing children/juveniles? All interviews should be documented, agency and local court policies may limit the number of times you may interview a child/juvenile. Document the method of communication, ensure the person understands whether the interview is custodial or noncustodial. Consider education, intellect, experience, background, and age of the interviewee. Document : how the person consented to the interview and note whether the person understood the Miranda Warning and what it means to waive ones rights. Cooperative Interviewee Establish rapport. Confirm the interviewee's observations and statements. Ask direct questions. Do not confuse or frustrate the interviewee. Uncooperative Interviewee Establish control of the interview. | Keep your composure. Reluctant Interviewee Establish rapport. State the purpose of the interview. Speak in a subdued tone of voice. Hostile Interviewee Establish control of the interview. maintain a neutral demeanor. Do not argue with the interviewee. Follow : safety precautions, including checking for a weapon. Ask direct questions. Try to reduce the interviewee's stress and anxiety. Talkative Interviewee Establish the purpose of the interview. Be patient. Ask closed- ended questions to redirect the interviewee back to the subject of the interview. Evaluate whether the victim is physically and mentally able to participate in the interview. Build rapport. Be aware of the victim's Victim verbal and nonverbal cues. Prompt the victim with primary and follow- up questions. Maintain a relaxed and calm interview environment. Suspect Consider the safety of all concerned. Give Miranda warnings, when applicable. Do not stereotype, pre- What is the general order in which individuals should be interviewed? Complainant or victim, the witnesses, then the suspect. *Safety and scene security may determine otherwise. If the interviewee is traumatized from the incident, conduct the interview after the interviewee has stabilized. Where should your firearm and back be positioned during an interview? Firearm should be positioned on the side that is furthest away form the interviewee and when possible avoid sitting or standing with your back to a door. What are examples of officers limitations during an interview? Making threats, promising leniency, creating physical evidence for use during an interview. (Gross Deception) What can gross deception cause? May suppress the legitimacy of admissions, confessions, and evidence that results from the interview. These tactics may also result in administrative discipline and civil liability. What are the three stages of a planned interview? Warm-up, primary, and closing. Warm-Up Initial stage. Establish rapport and build understanding. Introduce yourself and ensure that they are physically and emotionally : comfortable. Explain the purpose of the interview and describe why the ' information is important and how it will be collected and used. Use simple language that they can understand. Primary Stage Obtain information about the incident. Ask a variety of open-ended questions. Closed-ended questions get specific answers or help the interviewee refocus. Past performance questions help you assess how the interviewee handled a similar situation in the past. Closed-ended Questions Elicit only "yes" or "no" answers. Used to get specific answers or help refocus the interviewee. Past-Performance Questions Questions that can uncover additional information about the : history of a situation or determine a : behavioral pattern. Closing Stage Concludes the Interview. Express appreciation for their time. Verify contact information incase additional questions come up, summarize all information collected for the report. What are three types of basic interview techniques? Mirroring, minimal encouragers, cognitive interviewing. Mirroring Act as if you are looking into a mirror, see the interviewee as a reflection of yourself. Assuming a certain posture, you indicate that you are actively listening to the interviewee. Repeat what the interviewee says but rephrase What are some psychological signs of nervousness, stress, and possible deception? Increased perspiration. Changes in : skin color. Dry mouth. Observable increase in pulse rate. Observable change in breathing rate. What are some behavioral signs of nervousness, stress, and possible deception? Change in tone of voice, volume, speech, rapidity of speech, pauses or silence. Foot tapping. Leg Shaking. Finger Tapping. Pacing. Inability to sit still. Refusing to look at the questioner. Giving answers that appear rehearsed. Giving verbal responses that are inconsistent with nonverbal responses. Attempting to change the line of questioning. Being overly eager to help. Giving too much or too little clarification. Responding to questions with questions. Looking for an escape route. Asking for simple questions to be repeated. Statement A permanent, verbal, or written record of a person's account of an incident or occurrence that may or may not be made under oath or affirmation. Sworn Statement : Written or oral facts that are stated : under oath or penalty of perjury. What statements must be made under oath or affirmation? Written Statements and audio or video-recorded statements. *These must also be preserved as evidence. What can you do with the information provided in a witness statement? Complete a report, establish probable cause, file an affidavit, or obtain a warrant. The information may be admissible in court and could help solve the crime or identify additional suspects or witnesses who | have information about the crime, incident, or occurrence. What should you do when asking an individual to complete a written statement? Explain the reason(s) for the request and be clear about what information (who, what, when, where, why, how of the incident.) the individual should include. When may individuals handwrite statements? Only if the officer advises them to print clearly. When writing a statement, individuals should do what? i Describe to the best of their : recollection, all property and every event, person, weapon, and vehicle ! involved in the incident. What must a writer do at the end of a written statement? Sign the statement or affirmation to confirm that the content is factual, correct, and complete. What can you do if the interviewee does not read or write or has any other acceptable limitation? You may write the statement for the interviewee. If writing a statement for an interviewee what must an officer do? Ask questions or have the individual relay the information in his/her words while you write the statement down. The person providing the statement should read the oath printed on the statement form and What must an officer do if the person gives a statement but refuses to sign it? Document "Refused to sign" in your notes. Oath ' Avow or pledge to tell the truth ! regarding an incident or occurrence. A person may object to taking an oath because of what? Religious or philosophical belief. A solemn and formal declaration or Affirmation . . : assertion made in place of an oath. ! Provides law enforcement officers ‘ with the authority to administer S. 117.10, F.S oaths while performing their official duties. However this does not certify officers as a notary. When should officers administer an oath or affirmation? For any sworn statement or affidavit. When administering an oath, what should an officer do? Inform the interviewee of the need ' for a sworn, written statement and explain that such a statement must be made under oath. Advise that it is perjury to give false information. Ask interviewee to raise his/her right hand while administering the oath or affirmation by asking them "Do you swear or affirm that the statement you are about to give is true and accurate to the best of your : knowledge?" *The law does not require an individual to raise their right hand; however, this well-known practice may impress upon the individual the importance of telling the truth. What are some advantages of an audio or video recording? The entire interview can be heard and : the interviewer's fairness can be readily evaluated. What are some disadvantages of an audio or video recording? Their use may be subject to possible legal constraints, and some recorded words or descriptions may not be clear or may be subject to misinterpretation. If an officer is doing an audio recorded statement, on the recording they must state what? Their name. Names of other people present. Location. Day and Date of the interview. Incident to be discussed. Case Number. Type of Crime. Administer oath or affirmation. If a recorded interview has to be suspended or paused, document what before starting again? The reason for the suspension or pause. That this is a continuation of statement recording, date and time. Verify that no questions were asked of the interviewee while the recording was suspended or paused. At the end of a electronic recording, what should you state? “This now concluded the statement of _, regarding incident case I court cases. Coordinating law enforcement activities. Planning future law enforcement services. Evaluating law enforcement officers’ performance. What is the primary responding officers duty when it comes to reports? Prepares the offense-incident report and the probable cause affidavit. When must an officer prepare a supplemental report? If the information pertains to a previously documented incident, or you served in a backup capacity during an incident. How are reports generally categorized? Offense reports. Probable cause affidavits. Supplemental or follow-up reports. Who might read a police report? : Other officers. Supervisors. Defense and prosecuting attorneys. Judges. City, county, or state officials. Media reporters. Victims or their families. Suspects, defendants, or people convicted of crimes. General citizens. : Insurance companies. What incidents may require written reports? : All crimes. Use of force by an officer. Suicide. Death. Found property. Runaway juvenile. Missing or endangered person. Traffic crashes (under certain circumstances) as required by law. Miscellaneous noncriminal or suspicious incidents. Probably cause affidavits. Additional or supplemental information. What is the most efficient way to organize notes? Grouping information. What are the two ways notes can be organized? Chronologically and Categorically. Chronologically Sorting information by date and time from the first event to the last. Useful when writing a narrative and allows you to easily explain what happened, when, and in what order. Categorically Grouped by category, such as by witnesses, victims, suspects, weapons used, and crime elements. Helps when completing report forms. Minimizes the risk of forgetting a piece of information. Especially helpful for incidents that involve many witnesses or victims. : The rules and guidelines that govern a language's usage and enable its Grammar users to have the same understandings of its sounds and : symbols. Sentence A group of words that contains a subject (a noun), a verb (a action), and an object (affted or receives action) and that expresses a complete thought. *The subject and verb in each sentence must agree in numerical value. Single subject must have a 
